ReFRI
Not a member yet
939 research outputs found
Sort by
Potential Application of Jasmonic Acid in In Vitro Rooting of Low Vigorous Pear and Cherry Rootstocks
No full textWe studied the capacity of jasmonic acid (JA) to improve the in vitro rooting phase in micropropagated shoots of very popular low vigorous pear and cherry rootstocks - Pyrodwarf and Gisela 6, respectively. The experiment was performed during the rooting phase and it included 7 medium types containing Murashige and Skoog (1962) macro-and micro-salts reduced to half, organic complex unchanged and supplemented with JA at four concentrations -0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L. The trial also involved two independent, standard rooting media supplemented with 1 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1 mg/L of alpha-napthyl acetic acid (NAA), both combined with 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3). The hormone-free medium (HF) served as a control. The rooting parameters: rooting rate (%), number and length of roots per rooted plant and quality of rooted plants were monitored in the study. The highest rooting rate in both genotypes was obtained on medium with the lowest JA concentration, i.e., 0.2 mg/L (93.3% Pyrodwarf and 40% Gisela 6), this medium also gave the greatest number of roots. Higher JA concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/L) produced increment in root length. However, rooted plants were grown for longer time period on media supplemented with IBA or NAA. JA applied at 2 mg/L inhibited roots formation in both genotypes. Hormone-free medium had only a marginal effect on rooting in Pyrodwarf (16.7%) where roots were exceptionally long (4.6 cm in average), and had no effect on rooting in Gisela 6 genotype. The obtained results suggest that lower concentrations of JA should be used to improve the rooting process as they ensure a good root system and vigorous, high quality plantlets which, most importantly, are easier to acclimatize
Pollen germination of the walnut cultivar 'Geisenheim 286' on different culture media
No full textPolen sorte oraha Gajzenhajmski 286 naklijavan je na hranljivim podlogama napravljenim kombinovanjem različitih koncentracija sledećih supstanci: saharoze (10, 15 i 20%); agara (0,6 i 0,8%); borne kiseline (0, 300 i 600 ppm) i kalcijum hlorida (0, 50 i 100 ppm). Ukupno su testirane 54 različite kombinacije navedenih materija sa ciljem da se utvrdi najpogodnija podloga za ispitivanje klijavosti polena oraha in vitro. Promene koncentracija saharoze, borne kiseline i kalcijum hlorida imale su značajan uticaj na klijanje polena, što nije bio slučaj sa promenom koncentracije agara. Interakcije između koncentracija agara i kalcijum hlorida, borne kiseline i saharoze, kalcijum hlorida i saharoze, kao i borne kiseline, kalcijum hlorida i saharoze su bile statistički značajne. Najveća klijavost polena (27,8%) utvrđena je na podlozi koja je sadržala 15% saharoze, 0,8% agara, 600 ppm borne kiseline i 50 ppm kalcijum hlorida.Pollen of the walnut cultivar 'Geisenheim 286(27.8%) when the germination medium contained 0.8% of agar, 15% of sucrose, 600 ppm of ' was cultured on germination media containing all possible combinations of sucrose (10, 15 and 20%); agar (0.6 and 0.8%); boric acid (0, 300 and 600 ppm) and calcium chloride (0, 50 and 100 ppm). A total of 54 different combinations of germination media were tested in an attempt to establish a suitable culture in vitro pollen germinability The interactions of the concentrations of agar and calcium chloride, boric acid and sucrose, calcium chloride and sucrose, as well as those of boric acid, calcium chloride and sucrose were significant. Pollen germination was maximized media for studying of the walnut. Significant differences in pollen germination were observed in response to changing concentrations of sucrose, boric acid and calcium chloride, but germination was not affected by changes in agar concentration. boric acid and 50 ppm of calcium chloride
Low incidence of Peach latent mosaic viroid in peach mother blocks in Serbia
No full textViroid latentnog mozaika breskve (Peach latent mosaic viroid-PLMVd) je prouzrokovač bolesti latentnog mozaika breskve koja se najčešće javlja kod breskve i nektarine širom sveta. Većina izolata ne izaziva nikakve simptome na lišću i bolest može biti latentno prisutna godinama. Tokom 2011-2013 godine sprovedena su istraživanja prisustva PLMVd u odabranim matičnim zasadima breskve u 9 okruga u Srbiji. Primenom metode reverzne transkripcije i lančane reakcije polimeraze (RT-PCR) analizirano je ukupno 315 stabala/uzoraka 35 sorti breskve i nektarine i 2 uzorka podloge iz 43 matičnih zasada. Prisustvo PLMVd je potvrđeno kod 13 uzoraka (4,13%) poreklom iz 7 sorti i jedne podloge vinogradske breskve. Zaraženi uzorci su utvrđeni u 7 matičnih zasada breskve iz 3 okruga. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali nizak procenat prisustva PLMVd u analiziranim matičnim zasadima breskve.Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is the causal agent of peach latent mosaic disease that is common on peaches and nectarines worldwide. Most of the isolates do not cause any symptoms on the foliage and the disease may be latent for years. A survey to investigate the presence of PLMVd in selected peach mother blocks in 9 Serbian districts was carried out in 2011 through 2013. A total of 315 trees/samples originating from 43 mother blocks, representing 35 peach and nectarine varieties and 2 rootstocks, were tested by Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). PLMVd was detected in 13 samples (4.13%) belonging to 7 varieties and one vineyard peach rootstock. Infected samples were found in 7 mother blocks from 3 districts. Our results indicated a low incidence of PLMVd in the analyzed peach mother blocks
Strawberry resistance to the aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell (Homoptera: Aphididae)
No full textParafinskom metodom i bojenjem preseka safraninom, kristal ljubičastim i svetlo zelenim SF proučavana je građa preseka liske i lisne drške genotipova jagode različite otpornosti prema Ch. fragaefolii. Kod otpornijih genotipova pored debljih zidova ćelija kolenhima primarne kore i većeg udela kolenhima u odnosu na parenhim u primarnoj kori, oko glavnih provodnih snopova postoji prsten jače obojenih lignifikovanih ćelija koje obrazuju mehaničku saru. Ova bojena reakcija ćelija na safranin i kristal ljubičasto postoji i na sitnijim provodnim snopovima i u palisadnom tkivu lista. Na presecima tkiva osetljivih genotipova dominira zelena boja celuloznih zidova ćelija i protoplasta zbog bojene reakcije na svetlo zeleno SF, dok su odsutne bojene reakcije na safranin i kristal ljubičasto.Cross-sections of leaf blades and petioles of different strawberry genotypes exhibiting different levels of resistance to Chaetosiphon fragaefolii were studied using the paraffin method, and staining with safranin, crystal violet and light green. Besides thicker cell walls of the cortex collenchyma in the more resistant genotypes, and a proportionally wider collenchyma than parenchyma in the cortex, their midribs are also encircled by a ring of more intensely stained lignified cells forming a physical ring. This stain reaction of cells to safranin and crystal violet occurs also in lateral vascular bundles, as well as in leaf palisade tissue. The tissue cross-sections of the sensitive genotypes revealed a predominance of green on the cellulose cell walls and protoplasts due to the reaction to light green SF, while stain reactions to safranin and crystal violet were not evidenced
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Flowers of Fruit Species
No full textThe main objective of the present study is to measure the levels of heavy metals in important fruit species such as apple, apricot, and nectarine and their nine, five, and six cultivars, respectively. This work investigates the accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr in flowers of above species, to measure the levels of heavy metal contamination. The obtained results revealed that amounts of heavymetals significantly varied among cultivars at the same species and were within the permissible amounts in general. The Cd was not detected in apricot, nectarine, and the most of apple cultivars. Results for floral Fe, and also for Cu and Zn, which are the most important micronutrients for fruit production, suggest that levels of these elements might be used for assessing the storage of these elements during the previous season. We assume that the production of apple, apricot, and nectarine is safe, and there is no risk of contamination with heavy metals
Effect of redistillation cuts on quality of ‘Crvena Ranka’ plum brandy
No full textCrvena ranka se svrstava u sorte šljive za proizvodnju šljivovice vrhunskog kvaliteta. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj momenta odvajanja frakcija srca i patoke u toku redestilacije na kvalitet – hemijski sastav i senzorne karakteristike šljivovice sorte Crvena ranka. Različiti momenti odvajanja srednje frakcije od frakcije patoke pri redestilaciji uticali su na to da se proizvedene šljivovice značajno razlikuju po sadržajima ukupnih kiselina, ukupnih estara, 1-heksanola i drugih sastojaka koji prelaze u destilat pri kraju izdvajanja srednje frakcije ili na početku i u toku izdvajanja frakcije patoke. Nisu utvrđene značajnije razlike u senzornim ocenama dobijenih šljivovica.‘Crvena Ranka’ is a plum cultivar intended for production of top-quality plum brandies. Traditional processing of fruits of ‘Crvena Ranka’ into brandy includes double alembic distillation. The first distillation of fermented mash does not involve separation of fractions, whereby ethanol content in the distillate obtained (raw plum brandy)– ranges from 20 to 25% v/v, although it commonly amounts to 30% v/v. The second distillation (redistillation of raw brandy) results in the separation of the head, heart and tail products whereby only the mid-fraction (heart) is used for producing the end product – plum brandy. In traditional plum production, ethanol content in mid-fraction is about 50% v/v. Modern redistillation procedure recommends earlier separation of heart from tail, ethanol content in thus obtained mid-fraction being in excess of 50% v/v, reaching even 65% v/v. The present study was undertaken to establish the effect of heart and tail cutting times on quality – chemical composition and sensory characteristics – of plum brandy made from fruits of ‘Crvena Ranka’. Redistillation of raw crude plum brandy with 25.8% v/v ethanol content involved 6 redistillation methods. Depending on heart and tail cutting times, mid-fractions obtained had 50%, 52.5%, 55.0%, 57.5%, 60.0% and 62.5% v/v ethanol content. Identical quantity of the head products was yielded in all redistillation variants (1% batch). Ethanol content in the obtained mid-fractions was lowered to 45% v/v by deionized water. Gas-chromatographic and chemical analyses of major components in the brandies were performed. Sensory analysis was done by a modified Buxbaum method. Different cuts of distillate to separate the heart products from the tail products had an influence on chemical composition viz. total acids, total esters, 1-hexanol as well as the components turning into the distillate either at the end of separation of mid-fraction or at the beginning and during the separation of the tail products. As for the sensory assessment of plum brandies produced, no significant differences were evidenced
Adventitious organogenesis via intermediate callus formation in representatives of Prunus, Pyrus and Rubus genera
No full textThe paper presents evaluation of the influence of 30 combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction of adventitious organogenesis from leaves of in vitro propagated shoots in 5 genotypes: sour cherry 'Cacanski Rubin', cherry rootstock Gisela 5, pear rootstock Pyrodwarf, blackberry 'Cacanska Bestrna' and raspberry 'Meeker'. Blackberry 'Cacanska Bestrna' showed the highest regeneration capacity (regeneration was induced with 12 PGR combinations, the highest regeneration frequency 41.7%), followed by sour cherry 'Cacanski Rubin' (9 PGR combinations, max. regeneration frequency 20.8%) and rootstocks Pyrodwarf (6 PGR combinations, max. regeneration frequency 12.5%) and Gisela 5 (3 PGR combinations, max. regeneration frequency 8.3%). Raspberry 'Meeker' displayed the lowest regeneration ability (1 PGR combination, 8.3%). Regeneration was mostly indirect via intermediate callus formation. Consistency and quantity of the formed callus were primarily determined by type and concentration of applied auxins. Two main types of callus were observed: hard, compact calli with nodular structures on the surface and soft, friable ones. In most of the genotypes evaluated, friable calli were rarely formed, with the exception of regeneration media containing 2,4-D where the formation of large amount of soft, watery and white or yellowish callus was noticed. Indirect regeneration occurred through hard, compact callus at cross-sectional area of leaf blade, mid vein and petiole, while it was never observed on intact parts of leaves including leaf edges
Determination of size and shape properties of apricots using multivariate analysis
No full textFruit apricot dimensions, weight, size and shape are the most commonly measured pomological properties. The size and shape features of 13 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and promising Serbian selections grown in Western Serbia were investigated using a multivariate analysis. The apricots promoted fruits wider than long in shape, except Harcot', 'T 7', Precoce de Tyrinthe', `Roksana' and 'Vera', whereas all cultivars and selections are wider than thick. Most of cultivars and/or selections tend to round shape. Mean values for fruit and stone weight, flesh rate, geometric mean diameter, kernel weight, sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area and volume ranged from 37.09 to 81.60 g, 2.71 to 4.18 g, 91.93 to 96.46%, 41.76 to 65.08 mm, 0.60 to 1.17 g, 0.94 to 1.03, 95.04 to 108.09%, 55.13 to 133.77 cm(2) and 38.31 to 145.10 cm(3), respectively. For the most of attributes evaluated, `Roksana' had the highest values. A high correlation was found among some physical attributes: According to their 22 properties, the apricots grouped into five clusters. There was either relative independence or close correspondence among the evaluation indexes of apricot fruit quality. Principal components analysis showed that the first three principal components variance accumulation contribution rate amounted to 85.77%, which reflected most of the size and shape characteristics of apricots
Comparative study of bio- and chemical fertilization in strawberry production
No full textThe present study illustrates the effect of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer applications on the microbiological properties of the soil, the yield-related characteristics, phenolic fruit composition and antioxidant capacity of 'Clery' 'Joly' and 'Dely' strawberries under greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with biofertilizer (liquid inoculum combined of Azotobacter, Derxia and Bacillus genera) and chemical fertilizer (Polyfeed NPK Water Soluble Fertilizer). The microbiological properties of soil were monitored by determining the total microbial count, numbers of soil fungi, actinomycetes, oligonitrophilic bacteria and Azotobacter using indirect counting methods involving plating out a soil suspension onto appropriate selective culture media. The yield-related characteristics of the tested plants were evaluated for generative potential parameters and morphometric traits. Since strawberry fruits are important sources of health-related compounds, special attention was given to the total phenolics content as well as to identified individual polyphenolic compounds, and consequently to the total antioxidant capacity. The results obtained suggested that application of the biofertilizer induced the highest increase in the numbers of oligonitrophilic bacteria and Azotobacter, whereas soil fungal and actinomycetes count significantly decreased. Significantly higher values of fruit weight, length and width were obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment. Application of biofertilizer has given the best results in terms of anthocyanins and kaempferol content, as well as the content of ellagic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids. The positive influence of biofertilizer on the level of total phenolics and consequently on the total antioxidant capacity was clearly expressed. Considering the biological properties of the examined soil and fruit quality characteristics, certain amounts of mineral nitrogen can be replaced with biological nitrogen in order to obtain healthy and environmentaly-safe products