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A collection of European sweet cherry phenology data for assessing climate change
No full textProfessional and scientific networks built around the production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) led to the collection of phenology data for a wide range of cultivars grown in experimental sites characterized by highly contrasted climatic conditions. We present a dataset of flowering and maturity dates, recorded each year for one tree when available, or the average of several trees for each cultivar, over a period of 37 years (1978-2015). Such a dataset is extremely valuable for characterizing the phenological response to climate change, and the plasticity of the different cultivars' behaviour under different environmental conditions. In addition, this dataset will support the development of predictive models for sweet cherry phenology exploitable at the continental scale, and will help anticipate breeding strategies in order to maintain and improve sweet cherry production in Europe
Properties of some late season plum hybrids from fruit research institute Čačak
No full textSince 1979 to 2012 fifteen plum cultivars were named and released in Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. Some of these cultivars, such as Čačanska Lepotica, Čačanska Rodna and Čačanska Najbolja are grown in most important plum growing countries in Europe. Also, these cultivars are used as parent cultivars in many plum breeding programs. In addition to the cultivars, large number of promising hybrids are created in Fruit Research Institute, Čačak and some of them, in this moment, are candidates for new cultivars. Therefore, in 2014 and 2015, we investigated the most important properties of four promising late season hybrids and standard cultivar ‘Stanley’. All four hybrids were harvested since beginning of September (34/41/87) until the beginning of the third decade of September (10/23/87). The earliest fl owering time was recorded in hybrid 34/41/87 and the latest in standard cultivar ‘Stanley’. Hybrids 10/23/87 and 26/54/87 generally had the highest fruit weight and all three fruit dimensions. Also these hybrids had the highest content of total sugars and sucrose and highest pH value, but poorest total acids content. The highest content of invert sugars and total acids was recorded in hybrid 22/17/87. This hybrid also, had the highest yield per tree and per hectare while the hybrid 34/41/87 had the lowest these values. Standard cultivar ‘Stanley’ had the largest stone weight and the highest amount of soluble solids
In vitro multiplication of semi-dwarfing pear rootstock 'Pyrodwarf' in relation to cytokinin types
No full textThe most important aspect of successful micropropagation, among other in vitro factors, is to use the optimal types and concentrations of plant growth regulators. With the aim of optimization of in vitro multiplication of pear rootstock 'Pyrodwarf' the effects of different cytokinins including benzyladenine (BA), isopentenyl adenine (2iP), kinetin (KIN) and thidiazuron (TDZ) have been studied at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1, singly and combined with auxine, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1. Murashige and Skoog (1962) was the basic medium used in all combinations. The following multiplication parameters were monitored: multiplication index, length of axial and lateral shoots. The highest multiplication index was obtained on medium with 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA, hovewer, the highest length of axial and lateral shoots was obtained on media also with 1 mg L-1 BA without and with 0.5 mg L-1 IBA, respectively. Generally, very poor multiplication was achieved on media with 2iP, KIN and TDZ whereas in many utilized combinations of low concentration of 2iP and KIN with IBA, and particularly in those with KIN rhyzogenesis was induced. Obtained results suggest that the choice of cytokinins for the phase of multiplication of ` Pyrodwarf' rootstock is limited to BA. KIN and 2iP in smaller concentration could be used for regeneration of sturdy and long shoots, especially for elongation phase, but also for rooting phase
Incidence of viruses in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Serbia
No full textIspitivanje prisustva virusa američke visokožbunaste borovnice (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) u Srbiji sprovedeno je u periodu 2011-2015. godine. Sakupljen je i analiziran 81 uzorak lišća borovnice iz 15 lokaliteta na prisustvo 8 virusa. Serološki ELISA test je primenjen za ispitivanje uzoraka na prisustvo: virusa sprženosti borovnice (Blueberryscorch virus - BlScV), virusa šoka borovnice (Blueberry shock virus - BlShV), virusa nitavosti lišća borovnice (Blueberry shoestring virus - BSSV), virusa šarenila lista borovnice (Blueberry leaf mottle virus - BLMoV), virusa prstenaste pegavosti duvana (Tobacco ringspot virus - TRSV) i virusa prstenaste pegavosti paradajza (Tomato ringspot virus - ToRSV). Na prisustvo virusa crvene prstenaste pegavosti borovnice (Blueberry red ringspot virus - BRRV) uzorci su analizirani PCR metodom, a na prisustvo virusa mozaika borovnice (Blueberry mosaic-associated virus - BlMaV) RT-PCR metodom. Rezultati ispitivanja su potvrdili prisustvo BlMaV u 8 (9,9%) i BRRV u 1 (1,2%) uzorku. Prisustvo BlScV, BlShV, BLMoV, BSSV, TRSV i ToRSV nije dokazano ni u jednom ispitivanom uzorku.A large-scale survey for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) viruses in Serbia was performed from 2011 to 2015. A total of 81 leaf samples from 15 locations were collected and analyzed for the presence of 8 viruses. Serological ELISA assay was performed to determine the presence of: Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV), Blueberry shock virus (BlShV), Blueberry shoestring virus (BSSV), Blueberry leaf mottle virus (BLMoV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) and Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV). All samples were tested for the presence of Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV) by PCR and for Blueberry mosaic-associated virus (BlMaV) by RT-PCR test. The analyses confirmed the presence of BlMaV in 8 (9.9%) samples and BRRV in 1 (1.2%) sample. No BlScV, BlShV, BLMoV, BSSV, TRSV or ToRSV viruses were detected in any of the analyzed samples
The behavior of some sweet cherry cultivars on mazzard rootstock on heavy and acidic soil
No full textOver 60% Serbian soils are heavy, shallow and acidic, especially in west part of this country. Basically, Serbian fruit production is mainly represented in these conditions which are not favorable for intensive fruit growing. However, repair of these soils is a long and very expensive process. Regarding to this, one of the real ways to overcome this problem faster and cheaper is to grow tolerant fruit genotypes on adequate rootstock in order to sustainable and economically justified production. Therefore, from 2008 to 2015, we investigated behavior of eight sweet cherry cultivars on Mazzard rootstock on heavy and acidic soil, i.e. their tree vigor, productivity and fruit quality attributes under high density planting system (1,250 tree ha-1). Results showed that ‘New Star’ generally had the highest tree vigor, yield per tree and hectare, fruit thickness, sphericity, flesh rate and ripening index values. ‘Sunburst’ had the lowest tree vigor alongside with ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ (‘SHG’), and the highest cumulative yield and yield efficiency. ‘Summit’ had the highest fruit width and the poorest yield per tree, cumulative yield and yield efficiency, whereas ‘Lapins’ had the lowest fruit weight and all three fruit dimensions. The highest fruit weight and fruit width was found in ‘June Early’, and soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) in ‘Hedelfinger’. The lowest SSC was observed in ‘June Early’ and TA in ‘Stark Hardy Giant’. The best financial result was shown by ‘New Star’ and the poorest by ‘Summit’
Field performance of micropropagated rubus species
No full textThe objective of this study was to test yield and fruit quality of the red raspberry 'Meeker' and the blackberry 'Cacanska Bestrna' propagated using the standard method (ST) and in vitro, by tissue culture (TC). The monitored parameters included the total number of canes, cane number per one metre of the planted row, yield per cane (raspberry) or per bush (blackberry) and total yield. Monitoring fruit quality parameters included the weight and dimensions of fruit, the number, weight and dimensions of individual drupelets and weight of drupelet seeds. No significant differences were determined either for the total number of canes and/or the cane number per row metre in plants originating from both types of planting material in both genotypes. Significant differences were observed to the advantage of the raspberry ST plants, in the total yield, as well as the fruit weight in the blackberry ST plants. A significantly higher weight of drupelet seeds was observed in TC plants of both genotypes. Concerning the organoleptic assessment of fruits, no significant differences were recorded between fruits coming from ST and TC plants
Sensory quality of trivarietal plum brandies
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati senzorne analize 6 monosortnih šljivovica (sorata Crvena ranka, Požegača, Dragačica, Stenlej, Čačanska rodna i Čačanska lepotica) i 8 trosortnih šljivovica dobijenih mešanjem ovih sorata, pri čemu je, u svim mešavinama (kupažima), sa 50% bila zastupljena rakija sorte Crvena ranka, a dve rakije od ostalih pomenutih sorata sa po 25%. Mešavine (kupaži) su proizvedene na dva načina –mešanjem monosortnih destilata pre ili nakon redestilacije (po 4 rakije). Formiranjem odgovarajućih trosortnih mešavina mogu se dobiti šljivovice koje imaju viši senzorni kvalitet od komponentnih monosortnih rakija, i koje su odlična osnova za proizvodnju vrhunskih šljivovica.The paper presents the results of sensory analysis involving 6 monovarietal plum brandies (cultivars: Crvena ranka, Požegača, Dragačica, Stanley, Čačanska rodna and Čačanska lepotica) and 8 trivarietal plum brandies obtained by blending these cultivars, where all of the distinctive blands (coupages) had a 50% content of the brandy made from the Crvena ranka cultivar, combined with two of the other brandies, each represented with a 25% share. The blends (coupages) were produced using two methods – blending the monovarietal distillates either before or after the redistillation (with 4 brandies in each one). By forming the corrrespodning trivarietal blends, it is possible to obtain plum brandies which – apart from possessing a higher sensory quality than the monovarietal brandies – also constitute an excellent base for the production of supreme plum brandies
Effect of soil maintenance systems on phenological traits of black currant (Ribes nigrum) cultivars
No full textThis experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of soil maintenance systems on phenological traits (beginning of leaf unfolding, full leaf unfolding, inflorescence emergence, beginning of flowering, full flowering, beginning of berry set and berry ripening) in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars. The research was conducted in the experimental orchard of the Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, West Serbia, during 2012-2014. Three soil maintenance systems were used: I - bare fallow i.e., continuous tillage; II - sawdust mulch, and III - black polyethylene foil mulch. Six black currant cultivars were involved, including 'Ben Lomond', 'Ben Sarek', 'Titania', 'Cacanska Crna', 'Tisel' and 'Tiben'. The earliest beginning of the phenological stages was observed in cultivars under foil mulch treatment, and the latest in cultivars under bare fallow treatment. Under all treatments and in all years, the phenological stages were the earliest in 'Cacanska Crna' and 'Tisel'. Leaf unfolding was the latest in 'Titania'. The other growth stages were the latest in 'Ben Lomond'
Changes in anthocyanins and total phenols in fruit of three strawberry cultivars during five harvests
No full textThe paper presents the results of the impact made by genotype ('Clery', 'Joly' and 'Dely'), fertiliser and harvests on the content of anthocyanins (ACY) and total phenols (TPC) in the fruit of strawberry in 2014. Two types of fertiliser were applied - mineral NPK fertiliser and microbiological fertiliser. Fruit samples for analysis were collected in five harvests, in the full maturity phase. The obtained results have shown that the content of ACY and TPC was under a significant impact of the genotype, fertiliser, harvests and the interaction of these factors as well. Fruit of cultivar 'Joly' had the highest ACY and TPC. In addition to this, significantly higher values of ACY and TPC were recorded with the use of the microbiological fertiliser, compared to the mineral fertiliser. Strawberry fruits harvested in the second half of the harvesting season had a significantly higher total phenols content compared to the fruits harvested at the earlier stages of the season. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the biggest advantages related to both tested parameters (ACY and TPC) were recorded in the interaction between the 'Joly' cultivar, microbiological fertiliser and fourth harvest. In addition to this, certain amounts of mineral fertiliser can be replaced with microbiological fertiliser in order to obtain healthy and environmentally-safe products
Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of integrated and conventionally grown strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
No full textEvaluation was performed of the effect made by integrated and conventional production systems on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of cv. Senga Sengana strawberry grown under greenhouse conditions over two consecutive years. The experiment also involved three different types of fertilizer. The integrated production system provides significantly larger quantities of polyphenols as well as a higher antioxidant capacity, compared to values obtained using the conventional system. The investigation into total phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity, as well as individual flavonols and phenolic acids (except gallic acid) content reveals a pronounced effect of the applied biofertilizers (PGPR 1 and PGPR 2). On the other hand, applied chemical fertilizer (Multi KMg) gives the best results in terms of anthocyanins content. These results indicate that there were significant differences in phenols content among integrated and conventional production systems, as well as between biofertilizers and a chemical fertilizer