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New insights into biological potential of Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. from Stara Planina Mt: in vitro cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect
No full textPlant material, collected in July 2014 near the peak Babin Zub, was used to
prepare essential oil (EO) and post-distillation waste (PDW). GC-MS determined α-
pinen as dominant EO constituent, while LC-MS/MS pointed at rutin and quinic acid
as the most abundant in PDW. Strong antioxidativity of PDW was determined in
DPPH (IC50 5.27µg/mL) assay. Cytotoxicity against carcinoma cells of lung (A549)
and colon (HT-29 and HCT116), and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5), pointed at
remarkably higher effectivity of EO (IC50 range 69-160µg/mL). Binary mixtures of
EO/PDW with doxorubicin induced clear synergism, being more pronounced in
cancer A549 cells than in normal fibroblasts. Microdilution assay performed on
selected fungal and bacterial strains showed that PDW induced moderate
antimicrobial effect against fungi (MICs and MFCs ranging between 118-900µg/mL)
and Listeria monocytogenes (MIC/MBC were 390/740 µg/mL). Combinations of
EO/PDW with selected antibiotics induced synergistic antilisterial activity in
checkerboard assay. High selectivity of PDW against fungi and L. monocytogenes was
determined in respect to all used cells. In in vitro adhesion-inhibition assay PDW
reduced adhesion of L. monocytogenes to colon cells (29-62% inhibition). Obtained
results indicated that J. communis EO could be recommended for further anticancer
study, while PDW should be considered as potential antimicrobial
Влияние на приложени хранителни вещества върху добива и качеството на малинови сортове, отглеждани в различни райони на Република Сърбия
No full textThe influence of microbiological preparations on vegetative and generative properties, fertility and quality of raspberry fruit was examined in different agroecological conditions of Serbia. The trials were conducted in localities: Stupčevići (Arilje), Bukovica (Ivanjica), Vlasina and Milićevo Selo (Arilje). Following cultivars were included in the trials: ‘Willamette’, grown in the plantation under the anti-hail net; ‘Willamette’, grown in the open field; ‘Meeker’, grown in the open field; ‘Fertodi Zamatos’, grown in the open field; and ‘Polka’ grown in a high tunnel. Microbiological preparations that contain micro- and macro elements, microorganisms and amino acids were used in these plantations. Preparations were applied in two manners: through soil (watering) and foliar (over leaf). Preparations were applied at the beginning of vegetation, before flowering and before harvesting. Applied preparations had a positive influence on the number of young and mature canes in all treated plantations, compared to untreated. Also, the positive effect of the applied nutrients was also recorded on the height and thickness of mature canes, as well as on the yield and quality of the raspberry fruit.Изследвано е влиянието на микробиологични препарати върху вегетативните и генеративни свойства, плодородие и качество на малиновите плодове в различни агроекологични условия на Сърбия. Опитите са проведени в: Ступчевици (Ариле), Буковица (Иваница), Власина и Миличево село (Ариле). В опитa са включени сортовете "Виламет", отглеждан в насажденията под мрежа против градушка; "Виламет", отглеждан на открито; "Мийкър", отглеждан на открито; "Фертоди заматош", отглеждан на открито; и "Полка", отглеждан във висок тунел. В тези насаждения са използвани микробиологични препарати, съдържащи микро- и макроелементи, микро- организми и аминокиселини. Препаратите се прилагат по два начина: почвено (поливане) и листно (над листата). Препаратите са приложени в началото на вегетацията, преди цъфтежа и преди прибиране на реколтата. Приложените препарати имат положително влияние върху броя на младите и зрелите стъбла във всички третирани насаждения, в сравнение с нетретираните. Също така, положителен ефект от приложените хранителни вещества е регистриран и върху височината и дебелината на зрелите стъбла, както и върху добива и качеството на малиновите плодове
Влияние на приложени хранителни вещества върху добива и качеството на малинови сортове, отглеждани в различни райони на Република Сърбия
No full textThe influence of microbiological preparations on vegetative and generative properties, fertility and quality of raspberry fruit was examined in different agro- ecological conditions of Serbia. The trials were conducted in localities: Stupčevići (Arilje), Bukovica (Ivanjica), Vlasina and Milićevo Selo (Arilje). Following cultivars were included in the trials: 'Willamette', grown in the plantation under the anti-hail net; 'Willamette', grown in the open field; 'Meeker', grown in the open field; 'Fertodi Zamatos', grown in the open field; and 'Polka' grown in a high tunnel. Microbiological preparations that contain micro- and macro elements, microorganisms and amino acids were used in these plantations. Preparations were applied in two manners: through soil (watering) and foliar (over leaf). Preparations were applied at the beginning of vegetation, before flowering and before harvesting Applied preparations had a positive influence on the number of young and mature canes in all treated plantations, compared to untreated. Also, the positive effect of the applied nutrients was also recorded on the height and thickness of mature canes, as well as on the yield and quality of the raspberry fruit.Изследвано е влиянието на мик робиологични препарати върху вегета- тивните и генеративни свойства, плодородие и качество на малиновите плодове в различни агроекологични условия на Сърбия. Опитите са проведени в следните населени места: Ступчевици (Ариле), Буковица (Иваница), Власина и Миличево село (Ариле). Следните сортове са включени в опитите: "Виламет", отглеждан в насажденията под мрежа против градушка; "Виламет", отглеждан на открито; "Мийкър", отглеждан на открито; "Фертоди заматош", отглеждан на открито; и "Полка", отглеждан във висок тунел. В тези насаждения са използвани микробиологични препарати, съдържащи микро- и макроелементи, микроор- ганизми и аминокиселини. Препаратите се прилагат по два начина: почвено (поливане) и листно (над листата). Препаратите са приложени в началото на вегетацията, преди цъфтежа и преди прибиране на реколтата. Прилаганите препарати имат положително влияние върху броя на младите и зрели стъбла във всички третирани насаждения, в сравнение с нетретираните. Също така, положителен ефект от приложените хранителни вещества е регистриран и върху височината и дебелината на зрелите стъбла, както и върху добива и качеството на малиновите плодове
Effect of Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus on raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) pollen performance in vitro
No full textRaspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) is recently characterized virus infecting Rubus species. Recent studies in Serbia confirmed its wide presence in red raspberry orchards. The objective of our study was to investigate RLBV presence in the plants and its possible effects on pollen performance in vitro in two cultivars (‘Meeker’ and ‘Willamette’) in the region of west Serbia. In both cultivars, pollen vitality and pollen germination were compared between healthy and infected plants. From all tested plants, flowers were picked randomly in late balloon phase. Samples were analyzed on RLBV presence by RT-PCR. Pollen vitality was determined after staining with fluorescin-diacetate while pollen germination was observed after 1h, 3h and 24h incubation time on agar-sucrose medium. In both cultivars, in healthy plants, a high percentage of pollen vitality was got (75,94% in ‘Meeker’, 64,97% in ‘Willamette’). Also, in these plants with longer incubation time pollen germination in vitro increased significantly. In infected plants, a different picture was obtained. With a longer incubation period, pollen grain germination in ‘Willamette’ had slower growth, while the ‘Meeker’ varieties were in decline
S-RNase allele identification and incompatibility group assignment in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) indigenous genotypes
No full textSweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the economically most important members of the Rosaceae family. In this fruit species, most genotypes are self-incompatible and certain pairs of genotypes are cross-incompatible. This incompatibility is genetically determined by the multiallelic two linked genes of S-locus (S-RNase and SFB genes), with gametophytic action. Therefore, determination of S-alleles of new sweet cherry genotypes is highly valuable tool for growers to design orchards, and for breeders to choose parents in breeding programmes. This work was undertaken primarily to identify the S-alleles and incompatibility groups in 15 indigenous sweet cherry genotypes collected in orchards of individual growers in the Republic of Serbia, i.e. 11 genotypes in the region of Čačak (ʻGТ-1ʼ, ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ-4ʼ to ʻGТ-12ʼ) and four genotypes in the region of Belgrade (ʻGТ-13ʼ to ʻGТ-16ʼ). The S-alleles of each genotype were determined by PCR amplification of the S-RNase gene, with consensus primers for the first and second introns, as well as with allele-specific primers. The obtained results revealed eight alleles (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S9 and S12), that generated the following eight S-genotypes: S1S5 (ʻGТ-1ʼ), S2S3 (ʻGТ-7ʼ, ʻGТ-14ʼ, ʻGТ-15ʼ and ʻGТ-16ʼ), S3S4 (ʻGТ-10ʼ and ʻGТ-12ʼ), S3S6 (ʻGТ-4ʼ and ʻGТ-13ʼ), S3S9 (ʻGТ-8ʼ), S3S12 (ʻGТ-5ʼ and ʻGТ-6ʼ), S6S9 (ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ-11ʼ) and S5Sx (ʻGТ-9ʼ). S2S3 was the most frequent allelic combination (27%), which was observed in four assessed genotypes. The S-allelic constitutions allowed assignment of the genotypes to their corresponding incompatibility groups as follows: III (ʻGТ-10ʼ and ʻGТ-12ʼ), IV (ʻGТ-7ʼ, ʻGТ-14ʼ, ʻGТ-15ʼ and ʻGТ-16ʼ), VI (ʻGТ-4ʼ and ʻGТ-13ʼ), X (ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ- 11ʼ), XIV (ʻGТ-1ʼ), XVI (ʻGТ-8ʼ) and XXII (ʻGТ-5ʼ and ʻGТ-6ʼ). S-genotyping results represent important information on cross-compatibility in these local genotypes and also reveal the S-locus diversity of sweet cherry indigenous material
Impact of Sharka disease on tree growth, productivity and fruit quality of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)
No full textIn this study, the influence of Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), on tree growth, yield attributes, financial losses, fruit physical properties, nutritive compounds, phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant power was evaluated in a susceptible apricot (Primus armeniaca L.) genotype. The results showed that Sharka significantly reduced tree growth, yield and economic results in PPV infected trees in comparison with PPV uninfected trees. The Sharka did not change fruit and stone weight and fruit shape, but significantly decreased flesh rate and flesh firmness. Soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were higher in symptomatic fruits, whereas ripening and sweetness index, sucrose and total sugars contents were smaller in fruits from PPV infected trees. Differences in content of invert sugars were not significant. Finally, PPV significantly reduced total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in comparison with their contents in fruits from PPV uninfected trees
Multivariate analysis as a reliable tool for segregating strawberry cultivars with the best antioxidant capacity
No full textDuring 2018 and 2019 we ad hoc investigated fruit weight, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of five strawberry cultivars (Irma' as a day-neutral cultivar, and 'Clery', 'Roxana' Asia' and an 'Unknown' genotype as short-day strawberries). By ANOVA and multivariate analysis (PCA), differences were observed between cultivars based on the fruit weight, contents of soluble solids, acidity, maturity indexes, main phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Results showed that 'Roxana' had the largest fruit at the same growing and environmental conditions. The highest soluble solids content (SSC), acidity and ripening and taste indexes, phenolic compounds had 'Clery' and Asia', respectively. Asia' is the cultivar with the highest antioxidant capacity. The poorest evaluated properties were shown by the 'Unknown' genotype, followed by 'Irma'. Season (year) had more influence on fruit weight, acidity, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity whereas effect on other properties was not significant. Interaction cultivar x year had significant effect on all evaluated properties with exception of fruit weight. Correlation matrix indicated significant positive or negative correlations between most primary and secondary metabolites in fruit of strawberries. Principal component analysis (PCA) can be a very good tool for segregating strawberry genotypes with the best nutritional value and health promoting compounds
Hеmiјskа i sеnzоrnа kаrаktеrizаciја šlјivоvicа dоbiјеnih оd sоrtе Čаčаnskа rоdnа i njеnih rоditеlјskih sоrаtа
No full textDuring the two-year research, a comparative analysis of the contents of 24 major volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of the plum spirits produced by spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of the plum mashes with or without stones from cultivar Čačanska Rodna and its parent cultivars – Stanley and Požegača were carried out. The plum spirits obtained from Čačanska Rodna cultivar contain lower amounts of methanol, 1-hexanol, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde and higher amounts of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol than the spirits from its parent cultivars. Contents of 1-propanol, 1-butanol and hexanoic acid in the spirits obtained from Čačanska Rodna cultivar were lower than the contents in the spirits from Požegača and higher than those in the spirits obtained from Stanley. The sensory quality of plum spirits, in addition to the cultivar, has been significantly influenced by the presence of stones in the mash during processing of plums into spirits. In processing plums with stones, the best-graded plum spirit was from Požegača (17.88), whereas in processing without stones, the best was Čačanska Rodna spirit (17.78). The spirits obtained from Stanley cultivar had the lowest sensory grades regardless of the processing method.Тоkоm dvоgоdišnjih ispitivаnjа, аnаlizirаni su sаdržајi 24 vаžniје ispаrlјivе kоmpоnеntе i sеnzоrnе kаrаktеristikе šlјivоvicа prоizvеdеnih оd spоntаnо fеrmеntisаnih klјukоvа šlјivе sа kоšticаmа ili bеz njih sоrtе čаčаnskа rоdnа i njеnih rоditеlјskih sоrаtа – stеnlеја i pоžеgаčе. Sоrtа šlјivе znаčајnо utičе nа hеmiјski sаstаv šlјivоvicа. Šlјivоvicе dоbiјеnе оd sоrtе čаčаnskа rоdnа sаdržаlе su mаnjе mеtаnоlа, 1-hеksаnоlа, еtilаcеtаtа i аcеtаldеhidа, а višе 3-mеtil-1-butаnоlа i 2-fеnilеtаnоlа nеgо šlјivоvicе prоizvеdеnе оd rоditеlјskih sоrаtа. Sаdržајi 1-prоpаnоlа, 1-butаnоlа i hеksаnskе kisеlinе u rаkiјаmа оd sоrtе čаčаnskа rоdnа bili su niži оd sаdržаја u šlјivоvicаmа оd sоrtе pоžеgаčа, а viši nеgо u šlјivоvicаmа dоbiјеnim оd sоrtе stеnlеј. Pоrеd sоrtе, nа sеnzоrni kvаlitеt šlјivоvicа је znаčајnо uticаlо i prisustvо kоšticа u klјuku tоkоm prеrаdе šlјivа u rаkiјu. Pri prеrаdi šlјivа sа kоšticаmа, nајbоlје је оcеnjеnа šlјivоvicа sоrtе pоžеgаčа (17,88), dоk је pri prеrаdi bеz kоšticа nајvišu оcеnu dоbilа šlјivоvicа sоrtе čаčаnskа rоdnа (17,78). Šlјivоvicе sоrtе stеnlеј dоbilе su nајnižе sеnzоrnе оcеnе, bеz оbzirа nа nаčin prеrаdе. Nа оsnоvu dоbiјеnih rеzultаtа mоžе sе zаklјučiti dа је sоrtа čačanska rodna pogodnа sirovinа za proizvodnju kvalitetne rakije šlјivovice
Changes in apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) quality during a normal atmosphere storage
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati senzorne ocene kvaliteta plodova jabuke, kao i hemijske analize koja je obuhvatila određivanje sadržaja rastvorljive suve materije, organskih kiselina, celuloze i vitamina C. Ispitivanja su vršena u dva termina, u decembru 2017. i februaru 2018. godine, a analizirane su sorte Džonagold, Zlatni Delišes, Ajdared i Greni Smit. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje kvalitativnih promena plodova jabuke (Malus domestica Borkh.) tokom čuvanja u uslovima hladnjače sa normalnom atmosferom. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se kvalitet plodova ispitivanih sorti značajno ne menja, izuzev sorte Zlatni Delišes čije se senzorne osobine pogoršavaju tokom
skladištenja.During the research, sensory evaluation of fruit quality was carried out and some selected chemical characteristics were investigated. All analyses were performed in two terms, in December 2017 and February 2018; four apple cultivars (Jonagold, Golden Delicious, Idared, Granny Smith) were examined. The aim of the work was to compare the changes in the qualitative characteristics of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) during storage in a cold room with a normal atmosphere. The obtained results give the possibility to conclude that apple storage in a cold room with a normal atmosphere did not affect significantly qualitative characteristics of examined cultivars
Eksperimentalna sušara za ispitivanje procesa sušenja voća
No full textNajzastuplјeniji i najrasprostranjeniji način sušenja šlјiva je konvektivno sušenje, kod kojeg se isparavanje vode vrši pomoću zagrejanog vazduha kao agensa sušenja. Kvalitet osušenog voća zavisi u znatnoj meri od promena koje se dešavaju u toku procesa sušenja. Stoga, da bi se dobilo sušeno voće vrhunskog kvaliteta, velika pažnja se posvećuje upravo ispitivanjima postupaka konvektivnog sušenja. Proučavanjem uticaja odgovarajućih činilaca i izborom i podešavanjem odgovarajućih parametara, kako pre sušenja, tako i u toku procesa sušenja, može se uticati na karakteristike i kvalitet osušenih plodova. U cilјu definisanja i opisivanja procesa sušenja i iznalaženja optimalnih postupaka primenjuju se eksperimentalna ispitivanja, koja se po pravilu obavlјaju u laboratorijskim, eksperimentalnim, ili pilot uređajima. Ovo tehničko rešenje – eksperimentalna sušara prema svojim konstrukcionim rešenjima predstavlјa novo eksperimentalno postrojenje. Omogućava da se sa jedne strane regulišu parametri vazduha kojim se vrši sušenje plodova voća, a sa druge strane da se ti zadati parametri vazduha održavaju konstantnim tokom ispitivanja procesa sušenja, pošto je opremlјena potrebnom merno-regulacionom opremom. Originalnost naše eksperimentalne sušare se ogleda i u tome da se u njoj istovremeno suše plodovi voća postavlјeni na šest lesa. Svaka lesa predstavlјa zaseban eksperiment, odnosno jedno ponavlјanje, a pošto se istovremeno obavlјa šest zasebnih eksperimenata sa plodovima istih ili različitih karaketristika, time se znatno smanjuje broj potrebnih eksperimenata u istraživanju. Ovakva eksperimentalna sušara omogućava sa jedne strane ispitivanje pogodnosti plodova različitih sorata i hibrida šlјive (i drugih vrsta voća), a sa druge strane simulirajući uslove industrijskih sušara konvektivnog tipa optimizaciju postupka sušenja, uz postizanje vrhunskog kvaliteta sušenih plodova šlјive (voća) u cilјu unapređenja tehnologije sušenja voća i kvaliteta sušenog voća.Novo tehničko rešenje (metoda) primenjeno na nacionalnom nivou (M82