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Влияние на интензивна технология на отглеждане върху антиоксидантната способност и фенолно съдържание на къпина сорт ‘Чачанска Бестрна’
No full textThe investigation was conducted in a ‘Čačanska bestrna’ blackberry orchard set up using the intensive cultivation technology, i.e. with pre-formed double- sloping eaves (rain-shield). Considering that the Serbian blackberry yield suffers an annual loss of around 30% due to gray mould caused by the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea Pers., introduction of more intensive blackberry cultivation systems is imperative in order to prevent adverse action of rain and other abiotic components, thus securing continuous harvest and supply of improved-quality fruits. This cultivation technology contributes to a higher content of high-quality fruits, i.e. prevention of gray mould, while at the same time securing continual harvesting, regardless of the environmental conditions. Each blackberry sample was analysed for phenolic acids (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ellagic, gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids), flavonoids (quercetin), anthocyanidins (cyanidin), total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity. The analysis was conducted using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric techniques. Regarding the identified phenolic compounds, the blackberries grown under the rain-shield recorded higher values of these components, with the exception of the ellagic acid. Significant higher value of the total phenolic and total anthocyanin content recorded in blackberries grown using the rain-shield was 396.44 and 75.85 mg/100 g FW. There was not significant effect of intensive growing technology on total antioxidant capacity in blackberries and ranged from 2.68 to 2.70 Trolox mmol/100g FW.Изследването е проведено в овощ- на градина със сорт къпина ‘Чачанска Бестрна’, създадена с помощта на ин- тензивна технология на отглеждане, т.е. с предварително оформени двуска- тови стрехи (съоръжение за отглежда- не под покритие). Като се има предвид, че добивът на сръбски къпини претърпява годишна загуба от около 30% по- ради сива плесен, причинена от фитопатогенните гъбички Botrytis cinerea Pers., въвеждането на поинтензивна система за отглеждане е наложително за да се предотврати неблагоприятното въздействие на дъжда и други абиотични фактори, като по този начин се осигури непрекъснат добив и предлагане на плодове с подобро качество. Подобна технология на отглеждане допринася за поголямо количество висо- кокачествени плодове, т.е. предотвра- тява сивата плесен и в същото време осигурява непрекъсната реколта, независимо от условията на околната среда. Всяка проба от къпините е изслед вана за фенолни киселини (протокатехинова, 4-хидроксибензоена, ванилова, елагична, галова, р-кумаринова, кафеена и ферулова киселини), флавоноиди (кверцетин), антоцианидини (цианидин), общи феноли, общи антоцианини и тролокс еквивалентен антиоксидантен капацитет. Анализът е проведен чрез високоефективна течна хроматография (HPLC) и спектрофотометрични техники. По отношение на установените фенолни съединения, къпините, отглеждани под покритие, отбелязват по-високи стойности на тези компоненти, с изключение на елагиновата киселина. Значително повисока стойност на общите феноли и общи антоцианини е отчетена в къпини, отглеждани с помощта на съоръжение под покритие - 396.44 и 75.85 mg/100 g FW. Не е установено значимо въздействие от интензивната технология на отглеждане върху общата антиоксидантна способност на къпините, кaто тя варира от 2.68 до 2.70 тролокс mmol/ 100 г FW
Does the growing of sweet cherry is possible in a high density on the vigour Mazzard rootstock (Prunus avium L.)?
No full textU radu su predstavljeni rezultati koji se odnose na davanje odgovora na pitanje o mogućnosti komercijalnog gajenja trešnje u tzv. gustoj sadnji (>1000 stabala ha–1) na bujnoj podlozi od divlje trešnje (Prunus avium L.). Odgovori su traženi kroz decenijsko (2008-2018. godina) praćenje vegetativnog rasta, produktivnosti i osnovnih fizičkih osobina ploda. Rezultati za 2018. godinu su pokazali da su sorte New Star, Summit i Lapins imale najbujnija stabla, dok su najslabiji vegetativni rast imale sorte Stark Hardy Giant i Sunburst. Najveći prinos po stablu i hektaru je bio kod sorte Summit, a slede je Lapins i New Star, dok je najmanji utvrđen u sorte Stark Hardy Giant. Najbolji kumulativni prinos je utvrđen u sorti New Star i Sunburst, a najgori u sorte Stark Hardy Giant. Sorta Sunburst je imala najbolji koeficijent rodnosti, a Summit i Germersdorfer najgori. Sunburst i Hedelfinger su sorte sa najmanjom krupnoćom ploda, a Summit i New Star sa najvećom. Utvrđen je jak uticaj genotipa na oblik ploda.The article presents the results related to the answer to the question of the possibility of commercial cultivation of sweet cherry in the so-called high dense planting system (> 1000 trees ha–1) on a vigour Mazzard (Prunus avium L.) rootstock. Responses were asked over the decade (2008-2018) to the monitoring of vegetative growth, productivity and main fruit physical characteristics. The results showed that New Star, Summit and Lapins had the most vigorous trees, while the weakest vegetative growth had Stark Hardy Giant and Sunburst. The highest yield per tree and per hectare in 2018 was in Summit, followed by Lapins and New Star, while the smallest was found in Stark Hardy Giant. The best cumulative yield was found in New Star and Sunburst, and the worst in the Stark Hardy Giant. The Sunburst had the best yield efficiency coefficient, and Summit and Germersdorfer were the worst. Sunburst and Hedelfinger are the cultivars with the smallest fruits, and Summit and New Star with the largest. A strong influence of the genotype on the fruit shape was established
Plum breeding in the Fruit Research Institute of Cacak, Serbia-results of the last 15 years
No full textFruit Research Institute, Čačak in Serbia has a 60-year tradition of breeding work to develop new plum cultivars. The most important breeding objectives were: fruit quality, high and regular bearing, early and late ripening time, tolerance or resistance to Plum pox virus (PVV), and adaptability to different climate conditions. In the last 15 years, seven new cultivars were named and released: ‘Boranka’ (‘California Blue’ × ‘Ruth Gerstetter’), ‘Timočanka’ (‘Stanley’ × ‘California Blue’), ‘Mildora’ (‘Large Sugar Prune’ × ‘Čačanska Lepotica’), ‘Krina’ (‘Wangenheims Frühzwetsche’ × ‘Italian Prune’), ‘Zlatka’ (‘Large Sugar Prune’ × ‘Žolta Butilkovidna’), ‘Pozna Plava’ (‘Čačanska Najbolja’ × ‘Čačanska Najbolja’), and ‘Nada’ (‘Stanley’ × ‘Scoldus’). In addition to these cultivars, a detailed study on a large number of promising hybrids is also carried out. Three promising hybrids: ‘XIV/21’ (‘California Blue’ × ‘Ruth Gerstetter’), ‘10/23/87’ (‘Stanley’ × ‘Čačanska Rana’) and ‘26/54/87’ (‘Stanley’ × ‘Opal’) are selected due to their fruit quality characteristics, yield performance, and PVV tolerance, and they are currently being studied and evaluated as cultivar candidates. ‘Boranka’, ‘Timočanka’, and Hybrid ‘XIV/21’ are intended for the fresh fruit market, ‘Mildora’ and ‘Krina’ for drying, ‘Zlatka’ for all kinds of processing especially compote, whereas ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Nada’, and hybrids ‘10/23/87’ and ‘26/54/87’ are suitable both for fresh consumption and drying. All cultivars and hybrids, except ‘Zlatka’, which is characterized by yellow skin, have blue skin with heavy bloom. All cultivars have very good fruit quality, large yield potential, and are tolerant to PVV
Influence of organic, organo-mineral and mineral fertilisers on cane traits, productivity and berry quality of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) (vol 252, pg 370, 2019)
No full textGenetic diversity of Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus in red raspberries from Serbia
No full textRaspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) is a recently characterised virus infecting raspberries reported in several European countries. RLBV causes yellow blotching, the distortion of leaf margins, and the twisting of raspberry leaves. For a long time, similar symptoms were attributed to the feeding damage caused by raspberry leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis). From 2014-2017, a large-scale survey was conducted in Serbia to investigate the degree of association of the observed symptoms with the RLBV infection. A total of 98 symptomatic and asymptomatic samples were collected from 30 locations. All collected samples were tested on the RLBV presence by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using three sets of RNA-specific primers targeting RNA-1, RNA-3, and RNA-5 of the RLBV genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed high incidence of RLBV in tested samples (68.7%). RLBV was confirmed in raspberries 'Fertodi Zamatos', 'Glen Ample', 'Meeker', 'Polana', 'Tulameen' and 'Willamette'. Twenty-one isolates were selected for sequencing the portion of the nucleocapsid (NC) gene. The nucleotide sequences of the isolates showed 93.2-100% identity. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed significant genetic variability of the Serbian RLBV isolates based on the nucleocapsid-encoding sequences and revealed the existence of two main clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of the 45 RLBV sequences from Finland, Slovakia, Scotland, and this study also confirmed the existence of two main clusters of isolates
Occurrence and characterization of Little cherry virus-1 in Serbian sweet cherry and apricot trees
No full textLittle cherry virus-1 (genus Velaravirus, family Closteroviridae; LChV-1) is considered an important
pathogen of cherries worldwide. Together with Little cherry virus-2 (LChV-2) it is associated with little
cherry disease. Infection of susceptible cherry cultivars with one or both viruses can lead to severe
reduction of fruit quality and loss in yields. It is graft transmissible virus with unknown vector. Over
the past twenty years, it has been found that other Prunus species are also hosts of the LChV-1, but
mainly without visible symptoms. Since there is no data on the presence of LChV-1 on P. armeniaca
and P. domestica in Serbia, except our preliminary results of its presence on P. avium and P. cerasus,
the main goal of this study was to analyze the presence of the LChV-1 on these hosts and to characterize
Serbian isolates by sequence and phylogenetic analyses.
Occurrence of LChV-1 in sweet and sour cherries, apricot and plum was examined over two
growing seasons (2017 and 2018). A total of 116 leaf samples were collected from orchards and nurseries
of CAC planting materials, out of which 62 were sweet cherry, 16 sour cherry, 21 apricot and 16
plum samples. Samples comprising of 35 varieties and 3 unknown cultivars were collected during
the summer season at 16 localities. Total RNAs extracted from the leaves were tested by RT-PCR using
LChV-1 specific primers (LCV1U16390/LCV1L16809) targeting an ORF8 fragment.
LChV-1 specific PCR product, DNA fragment of 419 bp, was detected in 11 out of 116 tested
Prunus samples (9.48%). Nine of the 62 P. avium (14.52%) and two of the 21 P. armeniaca (9.52%)
samples were infected with LChV-1. None of the tested P. cerasus and P. domestica was infected. PCR
amplicons generated from one selected apricot (LC1) and five sweet cherry isolates (LC2-6), were
bidirectionally sequenced (Macrogen, Amsterdam) and characterized. The nucleotide sequences of the 419 bp fragments confirmed the identity of the LChV-1 for all sequenced isolates LC1-6 (with
sequences identity between 76.3% and 100%) and revealed a high genetic variability among the
Serbian apricot and sweet cherry isolates (in the range of 22.1% to 23.9%). Serbian apricot LC1 isolate
grouped together with other LChV-1 apricot isolates from the GenBank and showed 98.1% nt identity
with two Czech isolates KX831095 and KX831097. Serbian cherry isolates shared sequence identities
in the range from 90.9% to 100%, grouped in two separate groups. Isolates LC2 and LC5 (100% identical)
and LC6 grouped together with cherry isolates from Bulgaria MG458879 (shearing 94.5% and
93.6% identity, respectively), sour cherry isolates from Poland HE580104 (98.9% and 97.8% identity)
and Japanese isolate originated from P. serrulata MG934545 (98.1% and 97.1% identity). The other
two cherry isolates LC3 i LC4 showing 99.2% nt identity were clustered in a separate subgroup within
the group with already mentioned cherry isolates.
Detection of LChV-1 in apricot and cherry imposes the need for phytosanitary control in the
production of planting material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of confirmed
detection of LChV-1 on apricot and sweet cherry in Serbia
Influence of different Plum pox virus strains on chemical composition of ‘Čačanska lepotica' plum fruit cultivar
No full textPlum pox virus (PPV) is economically the most important virus of stone fruits. In sensitive plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars PPV causes foliar symptoms, fruits deformation, changes in the chemical composition of fruits and premature fruit drop.
Fruits of ‘Čačanska lepotica’ plum cultivar were collected from an experimental orchard in locality Čačak. Samples were collected from 15 trees (5 infected with PPV-D, 5 infected with PPV-Rec and 5 from PPV-free trees). Trees for sampling were selected after the RT-PCR analysis of the trees from the plantation using PPV strain-specific primers. The fruits were picked at five different terms at seven-days interval during maturation stage, starting from a fully green and immature fruits as the initial harvest stage, and terminating four weeks later with fruits being soft and overripened.
All tested samples, 10 PPV-infected and 5 uninfected, were further chemically analyzed. The analyses included determination of total dry matter, soluble solid content, pH value and titratable acidity, total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.
The aim of this work was to reveal the possible changes in chemical composition in the fruits of ‘Čačanska lepotica’ cultivar, grown at the same locality, caused by the two different PPV strains
Effects of Biovermix fertilizer on the phytochemical screening of blackberry Čačanska Bestrna
No full textThe chemical composition of blackberries varies among cultivars, growing conditions, ripeness stage, and other factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of fertilizing with biofertilizer from vermicompost (Biovermix) on improvement secondary metabolism of blackberry Čačanska Bestrna. Secondary metabolites are mainly represented by phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, which provide health benefits as dietary antioxidants. The phytochemical profiles were estimated and their contents compared among
fertilization types: standard-chemical and standard + Biovermix. The content of metabolites determined with HPLC RI/PDA-MS in treated (standard+Biovermix) blackberries was compared with the content of the untreated (without Biovermix) fruit. Most of the phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids showed a better extraction after aplication of Biovermix. The main phenolic compounds were cyanidin 3-glucoside (60.45–102.59 mg/100 g FW) and neochlorogenic acid (43.63–74.93 mg/100 g FW). Flavanols, were abundant in higher concentrations, while flavonols glycosides of quercetin where present as in lower amount. Data from our study can be used to improve nutritional value of berries throught developing an alternative method of fruit growing agricultural practise
Changes in physical properties of plum fruit (Prunus domestica L.) from physiological maturity to harvest maturity stage
No full textDuring 2017 differences in the physical properties of fruit at physiological and harvest maturity were evaluated in five plum cultivars (‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’ and ‘Stanley’ (control cultivar)) grown in high density planting system (HDP) under the environmental conditions of Čačak. In addition to recording the dates of the two maturity stages, the study involved measurement of fruit weight, three fruit linear dimensions (length, width, thickness) used for calculation of fruit volume and shape, and soluble solids content (SSC). Results showed that harvest maturity in the tested cultivars occurred 6.28 days after physiological maturity. The number of days from physiological maturity to harvest maturity varied from 2.5 in ‘Čačanska Rana’ to 9 in ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and 9.5 in ‘Čačanska Najbolja’. During this period, fruit length increased by 6.94%, width by 7.93% and thickness by 7.69% on average. When analysed across cultivars, the highest increase in fruit length, width and thickness was observed in ’Čačanska Najbolja’ (13.66%; 17.75% and 16.19%, respectively). Fruit shape index did not significantly change between the maturity stages. The increase in fruit weight and volume was ranging from 11.44% and 7.50% (‘Čačanska Rodna’) to 42.68% and 30.23% (‘Čačanska Najbolja’). The lowest increase in SSC was found in ‘Čačanska Rana’ (6.26%) and the highest in ‘Stanley’ (12.32%)
Low-energy strawberry fruits of Joly cultivar, the first step towards a novel, food-based solution for the obese population
No full textThis study aimed to produce low-energy strawberries of the Joly cultivar by breeding them under different growing conditions. The efficacy of such a process was screened by the means of common physico-chemical parameters underpinned with the findings of elementary chemical analysis. The preferred strawberry breed line (treated with microbiological fertiliser of choice) showed both a decreased energy value (130 +/- 6 kJ/100 g or 31.07 kcal) and an increased water content (91.0 +/- 7.3 g/100 g). Due to a rich content of phenolic compounds (Total Phenolic Content/TPC/4184 +/- 39 mg GAE/kg; Total Anthocyanin Content/TAC/394 +/- 4 mg C3GE/kg), it also exhibited potent antioxidant activity (0.110 +/- 0.008 %/mu L, HPMC /Hydroxo-Perhydroxyl Mercury(II) Complex/) assay; EC50 = 2.01 +/- 0.10 mu g and ARP = 0.50 +/- 0.05 mu g(-1), DPPH assay). Finally, the polyphenolic extract of the same breed line showed high anti-alpha, glucosidase activity (IC50 = 19 +/- 1 mu g/mL), being more than four-fold active compared to acarbose (IC50 = 78 +/- 4 mu g/mL), the anti-diabetic drug used as a positive control. Taken all together, the utilisation of microbiological fertiliser (Bacillus sp.) in tunnels might be recommended for the breeding of low-energy strawberries of the Joly cultivar (the starting point for developing of novel functional foods targeting the obese population) in the same or similar agricultural conditions, if further studies confirm its likely potential and credibility