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Content of macro and microelements in soil under plum and apple plantations in the area of Kragujevac
No full textIspitivanja su obuhvatila analizu osnovnih parametara plodnosti i sadržaj
makro i mikroelemenata u zemljištu na području Kragujevca. Rezultati analiza zemljišta
pod zasadima šljive i jabuke, pokazuju da su zemljišta pod zasadima jabuke bolje
obezbeđena lakopristupačnim P, Ca, Mg, Zn i Mn, a zemljišta pod zasadima šljive imaju
veći sadržaj lakopristupačnog K, Cu, Fe i Ni. Uticaj na sadržaj hraniva imala je reakcija
zemljišta, ali i intenzitet proizvodnje i veća primena hraniva u zasadima jabuke.Examinations included the analysis of basic fertility parameters and content of macro and microelements in soil in the area of Kragujevac. The results of soil analyses under plum and apple plantations show that soils under apple plantations are better supplied with easily accessible P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn, whereas soils under plum plantations have larger content of easily accessible K, Cu, Fe and Ni. Nutrient content was influenced by soil reaction but also by the production intensity and broader application of nutrients in apple plantations
Въздействие на приложението на CaCl2 върху добив и качеството на икономически значими ябълкови сортове
No full textDuring 2018 at Fruit Research Institute in Čačak, a research on sodium chloride (CaCl2) application on the yield and quality of fruit of five introduced apple cultivars (ʻGloster 69ʼ, ʻGolden Reindersʼ, ʻGranny Smithʼ, ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ, and ʻRed Chiefʼ). Treatments were performed with CaCl2 solution in four times (each 21 day from the beginning of June until the mid of August). In harvest period of the investigated cultivars, morphometric characteristics of fruit, firmness and soluble solids content in the fruit as well as yield per unit area were determined. The highest yield per unit area was found in cultivar ʻRed Chiefʼ (73.50 t/ha), аnd the lowest in ʻGranny Smithʼ (45.83 t/ha). Based on morphometric characteristics, cultivar ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ (fruit weight - 218.92 g; height and width - 70.64 mm and 80.97 mm, respectively) was singled out, whose fruits classify in the group of very large apple fruits. On the other hand, cultivar ʻGolden Reindersʼ had the lowest weight (147.25 g) and fruit dimensions (height - 63.94 mm and width - 70.55 mm). In all examined cultivars, greater flesh firmness using CaCl2 was determined. In respect of the soluble solids content, cultivars ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ (12.91 °Brix) and ʻGolden Reindersʼ (12.61 °Brix ) were singled out, whereas the lowest content of soluble solids content (9.05 °Brix) was determined in the fruit of the cultivar ʻGloster 69ʼ.През 2018 г. в Изследователски институт по овощарство в Чачак се проведе изследване върху приложе- нието на натриев хлорид (CaCl2) върху добива и качеството на плодовете на пет интродуцирани сорта ябълка („Глостер 69”, „Golden Reinders”, „Грени Смит”, ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ и „Ред чиф”). Извършени са третирания с разтвор на СаС12 четири пъти (на все- ки 21 ден от началото на юни до среда- та на август). В периода на прибиране на реколтата на изследваните сортове са определени морфометричните ха- рактеристики на плодовете, твърдост и съдържание на разтворими сухи вещества в плода, както и добив от единица площ. Най-висок добив от едини- ца площ е установен при сорт „Ред чиф” (73.50 t/ha), а най-нисък при „Грени Смит” (45.83 t/ha). Въз основа на морфометричните характеристики е изтъкнат сорт ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ (тегло на плода 218.92 g; височина и ширина 70.64 mm и съответно 80.97 mm), чиито плодове се класифицират в групата на много големи ябълкови плодове. От друга страна, сортът "Golden Reinders" има най-ниско тегло (147.25 g) и размери на плода (височина 63.94 mm и широчина 70.55 mm). При всички изследвани сортове се установи по-голяма твърдост на плодното месо при използване на CaCl2. По отношение на съдържанието на разтворими сухи вещества се открояват сортове ʻMorrens Jonagoredʼ (12.91 °Brix) и ʻGolden Reindersʼ (12.61 °Brix), докато най-ниското съдържание на разтворими сухи вещества вещес- тва (8.93 °Brix) е установено при сорт „Глостер 69”
Antibacterial potential of red-wine marinades containing essential oils against food contaminants in raw beef
No full textBackground: Marinades could be prepared with different constituents including wines and essential
oils (EOs), using as flavoring agents and natural preservatives.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to monitor the antibacterial effect of red-wine marinades
containing EOs of Juniperus communis (J), Satureja montana (S) and their mixtures (J+S) on beef.
Methods: Marinades - the base one (BM), and the ones with J, S and J+S were prepared, while saline
(0.85% NaCl) was used as negative control. Samples were marinated for 24h at 4°C and used for
sensory and microbiological analyses. The taste and odor were rated by panelists using the intensity
scales. The bacterial growth of aerobic heterotrophic mesophils (AHM), Enterobacteriaceae, lactic
acid bacteria, and inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, was monitored in time-kill assay performed
during 15 days of meat storage at 4°C.
Results: Sensory acceptable concentrations were up to 0.5%, 0.125% and 0.25%+0.125% for J, S and
J+S, respectively. They were used in time-kill assay which revealed that bacterial counts of all
monitored groups were significantly dropped in the marinades, comparing to saline. The remarkable
effect was achieved with BM, with the drop of approximately 2-3 logCFU/g. The addition of EOs
improved the antibacterial effect and additionally decreased the logCFU/g for 1-2.5 units. The further
enhance of antibacterial efficacy with EOs mixture was observed in the cases of L. monocytogenes
ATCC191111 and AHM. This work elucidated that S. montana and J. communis EOs could provide a
safety barrier against L. monocytogenes and food spoilage bacteria and encouraged further research
Antibacterial effect of Juniperus communis and Satureja montana essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in wine marinated beef
No full textJuniperus communis and Satureja montana essential oils (EOs) were chemically characterized and their activity against Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated. Antilisterial effect was determined in vitro and in situ, in red winemarinated beef, where the effect against common meat contaminants (aerobic heterotrophic mesophyll bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria) was also monitored. Microdilution assay on L. monocytogenes (strain ATCC19111 and three primoisolates) showed that minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varied in the range 0.5–1% for both EOs. Effect of EOs mixtures was monitored in checkerboard assay revealing that all types of interactions including synergism were obtained only for isolates. In vitro time kill assay confirmed the mode of interactions: synergism for isolate from beef carcass (LMB), and its absence for ATCC19111 strain. The analysis of concentration dependent growth rates showed that estimated curve MIC values were notably lower than in microdilution assay (0.03–0.14%). In situ time kill assay against inoculated L. monocytogenes (ATCC19111 and LMB strains) and pre-existing meat spoiling contaminants was performed on marinated beef using EOs concentrations that were confirmed to be sensory acceptable. Basic red wine marinades and the ones containing each EO or their combination remarkably decreased the counts of all monitored groups comparing to saline control. The most pronounced effect was obtained with the marinade containing EOs mixture. For all monitored bacteria, the bactericidal effect during marination was followed by bacteriostatic effect during subsequent meat storage. Our results demonstrate for the first time the in situ efficacy of J. communis EO against meat contaminants and provide additional data on the preservation potential of S. montana EO
Unusual growth of pollen tubes in the ovary of plum genotypes developed at Fruit Research Institute (Čačak, Serbia)
No full textUnusual growth of pollen tubes in different pollination variants (self-, cross- and open pollination) was observed in the ovary of six promising plum (Prunus domestica L.) genotypes developed at Fruit Research Institute (FRI), Čačak (hybrids 38/62/70, IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 and cultivar ‘Nada’) in Serbia. The cross-pollination was performed using the pollen of plum cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’. The occurrence of unusual pollen tubes growth in the ovary was studied over the three-year period (2009‒2011) using fluorescent microscopy method. The appearance of unusual growth of pollen tubes in the ovary of all studied genotypes during the whole examination period was recorded in the region of the obturator and the micropyle, with or without further growth of the pollen tubes to the nucellus. Several different types of unusual growth of pollen tubes were observed, i.e. the growth of pollen tubes in opposite direction in relation to the nucellus, the curling up of pollen tubes, the branching of pollen tubes, as well as combinations of some of the above mentioned types of specific pollen tubes growth. Average values of all analyzed genotypes showed that the highest frequency of the ovaries with unusual growth of pollen tubes was determined in the open pollination variant (7.89%), followed by the cross-pollination variant (6.27%), while the smallest frequency was found in the self-pollination variant (3.12%)
Identifikovanje alela S-RNaze i grupe inkompatibilnosti autohtonih genotipova trešnje (Prunus avium L.)
No full textThis work was undertaken primarily to identify the S-alleles and incompatibility groups in 15 autochthonous sweet cherry genotypes collected in orchards of individual growers in the Republic of Serbia, i.e. 11 genotypes in the region of Čačak (ʻGТ-1ʼ, ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ-4ʼ to ʻGТ-12ʼ) and four genotypes in the region of Belgrade (ʻGТ-13ʼ to ʻGТ-16ʼ). The S-alleles of each genotype were determined by PCR amplification of the S-RNase gene, with consensus primers for the second introns, as well as with allele-specific primers. The obtained results revealed eight alleles (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S9 and S12), that generated the following eight S-genotypes: S1S5 (ʻGТ-1ʼ), S2S3 (ʻGТ-7ʼ, ʻGТ-14ʼ, ʻGТ-15ʼ and ʻGТ-16ʼ), S3S4 (ʻGТ-10ʼ and ʻGТ-12ʼ), S3S6 (ʻGТ-4ʼ and ʻGТ-13ʼ), S3S9 (ʻGТ-8ʼ), S3S12 (ʻGТ-5ʼ and ʻGТ-6ʼ), S6S9 (ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ-11ʼ) and S5Sx (ʻGТ-9ʼ). S2S3 was the most frequent allelic combination (27%), which was observed in four assessed genotypes. The S-allelic constitutions allowed assignment of the genotypes to their corresponding incompatibility groups as follows: III (ʻGТ-10ʼ and ʻGТ-12ʼ), IV (ʻGТ-7ʼ, ʻGТ-14ʼ, ʻGТ-15ʼ and ʻGТ-16ʼ), VI (ʻGТ-4ʼ and ʻGТ-13ʼ), X (ʻGТ-2ʼ and ʻGТ-11ʼ), XIV (ʻGТ-1ʼ), XVI (ʻGТ-8ʼ) and XXII (ʻGТ-5ʼ and ʻGТ-6ʼ). S-genotyping results represent important information on cross-compatibility in these local genotypes and also reveal the S-locus diversity of sweet cherry indigenous material.Trešnja (Prunus avium L.) je među najranijim stonim voćem na tržištu, veoma cenjenog i atraktivnog ploda. Smatra se da je poreklom iz područja između Kaspijskog jezera i Crnog mora, kao i da je njeno kasnije gajenje širom Evrope dovelo do stvaranja velikog broja lokalnih genotipova prilagođenih različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Samobesplodna je vrsta voćaka, čija je samo-inkompatibilnost gametofitnog tipa, regulisana ekspresijom dva vezana gena S-lokusa koji kontrolišu komponente stubića (S-RNaza) i polena (SFB). Prisustvо istоg S-hаplоtipа u pоlеnu i stubiću dоvоdi dо zаustаvlјаnjа rаstа pоlеnоvе cеvčicе, štо imа zа pоslеdicu izоstајаnjе оplоđеnjа, nеzаvisnо оd tоgа dа li sе rаdi о pоlеnu istе sоrtе ili drugе sоrtе istе grupе inkоmpаtibilnоsti. Nа оsnоvu S-gеnоtipа, sоrtе trеšnjе sе klаsifikuјu u rаzličitе grupе inkоmpаtibilnоsti kојih је dо sаdа pоznаtо 60 (оznаčеnе оd I dо LX), pоrеd grupе sаmооplоdnih sоrti, kао i grupе „0”, kојој pripаdајu sоrtе rеtkоg S-gеnоtipа kојi im оmоgućаvа dа budu pоtеnciјаlnо dоbri оprаšivаči sоrtаmа drugih grupа.
U radu su predstavlјeni rezultati identifikacije S-alela i grupe inkompatibilnosti 15 autohtonih, оdnоsnо gеnоtipоvа trešnje nеpоznаtоg pоrеklа (vоdе pоrеklо sа stаbаlа о kојimа pоznаti pоdаci dаtirајu iz prvih dеcеniја XX vеkа) sakuplјenih u zasadima individualnih proizvođača glаvnih prоizvоdnih rејоnа ove vrste voćaka, kојi sе nаlаzе nа pоdručјimа Zаpаdnе Srbiје/Šumаdiје i bеоgrаdskоg Pоdunаvlја 11 genotipova u okolini Čačka (GТ-1, GТ-2 i GТ-4 do GТ-12) i četiri genotipa u Grockoj (GТ-13 do GТ-16). Genomska DNK ispitivanih genotipova je izolovana iz uzoraka mladog lista, primenom modifikovane CTAB mini prep metode. Idеntifikаciја S-alelа sprоvеdеnа је PCR umnоžаvаnjеm frаgmеnаtа S-RNaze uz kоrišćеnjе kоnsеnzus prајmеrа (PaConsI-F i PaConsI-R) spеcifičnih zа drugi intrоn (оdrеđеni pоtеnciјаlni S-аlеli), kao i аlеl-spеcifičnih prајmеra (pоtvrđеni S-аlеli). U ispitivanom autohtonom materijalu detektovano je osam S-alela (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S9 i S12) i ustanovljeno da je S3 najzastupljeniji alel, sa frekvencijom od 39,3%. S-genotipizacijom su utvrđene sledeće alelne konstitucije: S1S5 (GТ-1), S2S3 (GТ-7, GТ-14, GТ-15 i GТ-16), S3S4 (GТ-10 i GТ-12), S3S6 (GТ-4 i GТ-13), S3S9 (GТ-8), S3S12 (GТ-5 i GТ-6), S6S9 (GТ-2 i GТ-11) i S5Sx (GТ-9), kao i da je S2S3 najzastupljenija alelna konstitucija, potvrđena kod četiri genotipa (27%). Na osnovu određenih S-alelnih konstitucija, autohtoni genotipovi su svrstani u sedam grupa inkompatibilnosti III, IV, VI, X, XIV, XVI i XXII. Rezultati ovog rada su od posebnog značaja za planiranje ukrštanja u okviru budućih oplemenjivačkih programa koji podrazumevaju uključenje autohtonih genotipova, kao i za određivanje sortnih kompozicija oprašivača u proizvodnim zasadima ovih genotipova. Istovremeno su omogućili utvrđivanje učestalosti pojedinih S-alela, odnosno genotipova u autohtonom materijalu trešnje.dr Sanja Radičević - glavni i odgovorni urednik časopisa Voćarstvo; dr Tatjana Vujović - tehnički urednik i korektor časopisa Voćarstv
Role of rootstock and apple fruit tissue in antioxidant activity
No full textTokom dve uzastopne godine (2018 i 2019) ispitivali smo uticaj dve vegetativne podloge na masu ploda, sadržaj nekih nenutritivnih jedinjenja i ukupni antioksidativni kapacitet u mezokarpu i pokožici ploda jabuke sorte 'Hapke'. Rezultati su pokazali da je masa ploda bila veća na podlozi M.9 T337 u odnosu na M.26, ali slična u obe godine istraživanja. Podloga M.26 je značajno poboljšala sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, vitamina C, ukupnih fenola i ukupnih flavonoida i ukupni antioksidativni kapacitet u poređenju sa M.9 T337. Što se tiče tkiva ploda, pokožica je bila značajno bolji izvor ukupnih kiselina, vitamina C i fenolnih jedinjenja i imala je veći antioksidativni kapacitet od mezokarpa. Međutim, interakcija podloga × tkivo za pomenuta jedinjenja pokazuje složenu prirodu njihove akumulacije i distribucije u plodu.During two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) we investigated the effect of two clonal rootstocks on fruit weight, contents of some non-nutrients and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the flesh and peel of CV. 'Hapke' apple. Results showed that fruit weight was significantly higher on M.9 T337 than on M.26 rootstock and similar in both 2018 and 2019. M.26 rootstock significantly improved titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and TAC in comparison with M.9 T337. As regards fruit tissue, the peel was a significantly better source of acids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, and had higher antioxidant capacity than the flesh. However, the rootstock × fruit tissue interaction for the content of phenolic compounds indicated the complex nature of accumulation and distribution of acidity, vitamin C and phenolic compounds in apples
Influence of dense planting on productivity and fruit quality of dessert plum cultivars
No full textThe paper presents the research into the influence of dense planting on the generative potential and major properties of the fruit of dessert plum cultivars. The research was conducted in plum orchards with four different planting distance patterns (4.0×1.0 m with 2500 trees ha-1; 4.0×1.5 m with 1666.6 trees ha-1; 4.0×2.0 m with 1250 trees ha-1; 5.0×4.0 m with 500 trees ha-1) and five stone plum cultivars ‘Boranka’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Timočanka’, and ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, created in the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. The obtained results revealed significant differences among the tested cultivars, density of planting, and years of growth, concerning the tested parameters. Among the tested cultivars, the highest yield was recorded in ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ (9.48±0.54 kg), while the lowest yield was reached by the ‘Boranka’ (6.80±0.61 kg). ‘Čačanska Najbolja’ recorded the highest yield per unit of area (13.42±1.32 t ha-1), while the lowest value of this parameter was recorded in ‘Boranka’ (10.23±1.10 t ha-1). The largest fruit weight was recorded in a planting distance of 4×1.5 m, while the smallest fruit weight was recorded with ‘Boranka’, in 4×2.0 m planting distance
Phytochemical assessment of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars selected in Serbia
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the content of primary and secondary metabolites of 18 plum cultivars (Prunus domestica L.) selected in Serbia. Autochthonous cultivars ʻCrvena Rankaʼ exhibited the highest level of total sugars (174.3 g/kg FW) while cultivar ʻMildoraʼ had the highest sugars/acids ratio (17.2). Newly cultivar ʻNadaʼ also contained a high sugars/acid ratio (11.2) as well as a high level of glucose (84.2 g/kg FW) and total sugars (145.1 g/kg FW). The predominant group of phenolics in all tested cultivars were flavanols followed by hydroxycinnamic acids whereas anthocyanins and flavonols were present in lower amounts. Compared to other tested cultivars, cultivar ʻNadaʼ had a significantly higher content of anthocyanins (27.14 mg/100 g FW), cultivar ʻCrvena Rankaʼ neochlorogenic acid (23.21 mg/100 g FW) and flavanols (86.15 mg/100 g FW) and high anthocyanins content (23.47 mg/100 g FW). In terms of total phenolics content (137.38 mg/100 g FW), the new cultivar ʻNadaʼ demonstrated better results than the standard plum cultivars grown in Serbia (ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ and ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ) and can be recommended for expansion in plum growing regions with the aim to produce fruit with high amounts of beneficial phytochemicals intended for fresh consumption. Cultivar ʻNadaʼ, together with autochthonous cultivar ʻCrvena Rankaʼ, can be used for processing as a potential source for functional food products, and in the breeding of plums with enhanced nutritional content
Antilisterial effect of juniper (Juniperus communis) and its mixed application with winter savory (Satureja montana) in beef protection
No full textJuniperus communis essential oil and post-distillation waste were tested for their
antibacterial potential against common food contaminants. Results of microdilution assay
directed further study of Listeria monocytogenes. Checkerboard assay showed synergistic
antilisterial effect of both substances with conventional antibiotics. By evaluating of their
cytotoxicity on human colon cells, post-distillation waste was denoted as selective against L.
monocytogenes, being able to interfere with its in vitro adhesion on colon cells. On the other
hand, the food preservative potential of J. communis essential oil was studied and compared
with the activity of Satureja montana essential oil. In a microdilution assay, both substances
induced antilisterial effect against reference ATCC 19111 strain and three wild isolates. A
checkerboard assay showed synergism against isolates. An in vitro time-kill assay was used to
confirm the types of interaction, and to estimate curve MIC values. Finally, in situ antilisterial
efficacies of the individual essential oils and their mixture on red wine-marinated beef,
previously inoculated with ATCC 19111 strain or primoisolate from beef carcass, were
determined. All treatments enhanced the antilisterial potential of wine marinade. In conclusion,
derivatives of J. communis possess significant antilisterial potential both in in vitro and in situ
conditions, so further research is advise