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Uticaj virusa mrljavosti lista maline (raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus) na plodove maline sorte Willamette
No full textVirus mrljavosti lista maline (raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus, RLBV) je najrašireniji
virus u zasadima maline u Srbiji. Prisustvo RLBV je potvrđeno na različitim sortama u
nekoliko zemalja Evrope, ali još uvek nema podataka o uticaju virusa na prinos i kvalitet
plodova maline. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje uticaja RLBV na osnovne fizičke karakteristike i
hemijski sastav plodova maline sorte Vilamet (’Willamette’).
Ispitivanje je sprovedeno u periodu 2019−2020. godine u četiri zasada maline u
Zapadnoj Srbiji (lokaliteti Cerova, Tvrdići, Bedina Varoš i Devići). U svakom od zasada
odabrano je po 20 rodnih izdanaka bez simptoma i 20 izdanaka sa simptomima mrljavosti
lista (ukupno 160 biljaka).
Prisustvo RLBV u odabranim izdancima analizirano je RT-PCR metodom. Da bi se
izbegao uticaj interakcije drugih virusa sa RLBV svi uzorci su ispitivani i na prisustvo još pet
virusa prisutnih u zasadima maline u Srbiji. Prisustvo virusa žbunaste kržljavosti maline
(RBDV) ispitivano je ELISA metodom. Ispitivanje na prisustvo virusa nekroze crne maline
(BRNV), virusa šarenila lista maline (RLMV), virusa hloroze nerava maline (RVCV) i virusa
žute mrežavosti rubusa (RYNV) je sprovedeno RT-PCR i PCR metodom, respektivno.
Fizičke karakteristike (dužina, širina i visina) ručno ubranih plodova maline sa
zaraženih i nezaraženih izdanaka određivane su digitalnim šublerom, a težina je merena na
digitalnoj vagi. Sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije (%, °Brix) je meren na digitalnom
refraktometru, dok je pH vrednost plodova određena pH metrom. Ukupni šećeri su određeni
po Luf-Šurlu, sadržaj ukupnih antocijana primenom pH diferencijalne metode u ekstraktima
plodova primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda, a ukupna fenolna jedinjenja primenom
Folin-Ciocalteu reagensa.
RT-PCR analizom je potvrđeno prisustvo RLBV samo u izdancima sa simptomima
mrljavosti lista. Prisustvo ostalih virusa nije potvrđeno ni u jednom od analiziranih izdanaka.
Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je RLBV uticao na smanjenje veličine i težine
(9,1−27,5%) plodova maline. Kod plodova poreklom sa zaraženih izdanaka utvrđen je viši
sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije (1,5−7,4%), ali ovo povećanje nije bilo statistički značajno.
Virus mrljavosti lista maline nije uticao na statistički značajne promene ukupnih kiselina, pH
vrednosti plodova i sadržaja ukupnih šećera.
Sadržaj ukupnih fenola i antocijana je bio viši kod plodova poreklom sa zaraženih
izdanaka u dva od četiri ispitivana lokaliteta
Качествени характеристики на различни клонове на автохтонния сливов сорт Crvena Ranka, селекционирани в района на Гледичките планини в Централна Сърбия
No full textAutochthonous varieties cover about 30% of the total plum production in Serbia. Among them, one of the most important is ʻCrvena Rankaʼ which has been grown in this country for centuries. Thanks to the excellent quality that it possesses as a raw material for the production of premium brandy, in recent years there has been a growing interest in establishing new plantations of this variety. Since there are a large number of clones and types of this variety, it is necessary to single out those that have better characteristics and use them for further propagation and production of planting material. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the fruit quality attributes of six clones of ʻCrvena Rankaʼ selected in the region of Gledićke mountains in central Serbia. Pomological (fruit and stone weight, flesh percentage, fruit dimensions, geometric mean diemeter and sphericity) and fruit chemical properties (soluble solids, total and invert sugars and sucrose content, total acids, pH value as well as ripening index and index of sweetnes) were evaluated. Clones GP1 and GP3 had the largest, while clone GP6 had the smallest fruit. On the other hand, clone GP6 was characterized by the best fruit chemical properties and had the largest amount of soluble solids, total and invert sugars and sucrose. Also, this clone had the largest ripening index and index of sweetnes. Clone GP3 showed the highest content of total acids, while clone GP5 had the largest pH value.Автохтонните сортове покриват
около 30% от общото производство на
сливи в Сърбия. Сред тях един от най-
важните е Crvena Ranka, който се
отглежда в тази страна от векове.
Благодарение на отличното
качество, което притежава като
суровина за производство на
първокласна ракия, през последните
години се засилва интересът към
създаване на нови насаждения от този
сорт. Тъй като има голям брой типове
и клонове от този сорт, е необходимо
да се отделят тези, които имат по-
добри характеристики и да се
използват за по-нататъшно
размножаване и производство на
посадъчен материал. Настоящото проучване е направено за оценка на
качествата на плодовете на шест
клона на Crvena Ranka,
селекционирани в района на
планините Гледичке в централна
Сърбия. Изследвани са показателите:
помологични (тегло на плодовете и
костилките, процент на месото,
размери на плода, среден геометричен
диметър и сферичност) и химични
свойства на плодовете (разтворими
твърди вещества, обща и инвертна
захар и съдържание на захароза, общи
киселини, стойност на pH, както и
индекс на зреене и индекс на сладост).
Клоновете GP1 и GP3 имаха
най-големият плод, докато клонингът
GP6 имаше най-малкия плод. От друга
страна, клонът GP6 се характеризира с
най-добрите химични свойства на
плодовете и има най-голямо
количество разтворими твърди
вещества, общи и инвертни захари и
захароза. Също така, този клон имаше
най-големия индекс на зреене и индекс
на сладост. Клонът GP3 показва най-
високо съдържание на общи киселини,
докато клонът GP5 има най-висока
стойност на pH
Reproductive ability of plum (Prunus domestica L.) pollen stored at low temperatures
No full textBreeding programmes often require the necessity for longer pollen storage, whether asynchronous flowering of parental pairs exists (especially if early-flowering genotypes are pollinated with late-flowering), or if there is a temporal, geographical or spatial distance. The objective of this study was to assessed pollen vitality in vitro and in vivo in three plum cultivars (‘Čačanka Lepotica’, ‘Valjevka’ and ‘Valerija’) after one year of storage at +4°C and sub-freezing temperatures (-20°C, -80°C and -196°C). Pollen viability in vitro was determined on germination medium and by staining with fluorescein-diacetate. For in vivo vitality assay, stored pollen was used for pollination of emasculated flowers of ‘Čačanka Lepotica’. Parameters of pollen tubes growth was determined on 3th, 6th and 10th day after pollination. In all cultivars, the lowest rate of pollen viability was observed for that stored at +4°C. Pollen stored at sub-freezing temperatures showed relatively high viability that was reduced from 8.85 to 47.15% in comparison with fresh pollen. Generaly, in vitro germination test showed lower pollen viability compared to fluorescein-diacetate staining method. Pollen viability under in vivo conditions, corellated with the those obtained under in vitro conditions. The growth of pollen tubes, from pollen stored at +4°C, or was absent or it ended mainly in the upper parts of the style. For pollen stored at sub-freezing temperatures, pollen tubes penetrated into the nucelus on the 6th day after pollination in all cultivars. The best dynamic of pollen tube growth of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and ‘Valerija’ was observed with pollen stored at -80°C, while in ‘Valјevka’ with that stored at -196°C
Morfološke i patogene karakteristike izolata Alternaria spp. na orahu
No full textOrah je rod biljaka iz porodice Juglandaceae. Na našim prostorima uglavnom se sreće vrsta Juglans regia L. Orah je samonikla biljka, dostiže visinu i do 25 metara. Do sada je rasprostranjenost oraha u Srbiji više bila posledica povoljnih prirodnih uslova nego organizovanog uticaja nauke. Orahovo drvo ima široku upotrebu u drvnoj industriji zbog svoje boje, dobre izdržljivosti i kvaliteta. Plod oraha ima široku upotrebu u prehrambenoj industriji. Lišće oraha može se koristiti za proizvodnju vina. Zelena opna ploda za proizvodnju likera – orahovače. Orahova smola je jestiva i puna eterničnih ulja. Lišće i kora oraha koriste se često kao laksativ. A pored toga koriste se i u tretmanima kože. Uzorci su sakupljani tokom jula 2019. godine u lokalitetu Dragobraća, Kragujevac.
Sakupljeni uzorci biljaka oraha su analizirani u fitopatološkoj laboratoriji Instituta za voćarstvo u Čačku. Iz zaraženih biljaka oraha (listova i grana), standardnim mikološkim postupcima, dobijeno je više izolata gljive, od kojih su za dalja proučavanja odabrana četiri izolata O1S, O2S poreklom sa grana i LO1, LO2 poreklom sa lista, koji su podvrgnuti testovima patogenosti korišćenjem dve različite metode, sa povređivanjem i bez povređivanja.
Morfološke odlike četiri odabrana izolata Alternaria spp. proučavane su na tri hranljive podloge: podloga od kukuruznog brašna (CMA), podloga od karanfila (CLA) i krompir dekstrozna podloga (PDA). Na KDA podlozi svi testirani izolati formirali su vazdušasto tamno maslinasto zelene
kolonije. Na podlozi od kukurunog brašna (CMA) kolonije su bile svetlo maslinasto zelene kod svih testiranih izolata. Na podlozi od karanfila (CLA) svi proučavani izolati formiraju supstratnu miceliju maslinasto zelene boje. Veličina konidija za sva četiri testirana izolatabila je 15,68-53,25 x 7,85-18,59 µm u proseku 36,01 x 14,20 µm. Svi prоučаvаni izоlаti nа tеstirаnim biljnim delovima (list i plod) oraha izаzvаli su simptоmе tipičnе zа glјivе iz rоdа Alternaria, tо јеst pојаvu tаmnо brаоn nеkrоtičnih lеziја nа listovima i plodovima. Na osnovu preliminarnih istraživanja patogenih i morfoloških karakteristika utvrđeno je da ispitivani izolati O1S, O2S poreklom sa grana i LO1, LO2 poreklom sa lista pripadaju gljivama iz roda Alternaria. U toku je molekularna identifikacija i karakterizacija ispitivanih izolata
Combining fruit quality and main antioxidant attributes in the sour cherry: The role of new clonal rootstock
No full textIn 2018 and 2019, we evaluated the influence of seven clonal rootstocks (Colt, MaxMa 14, Krymsk 6, Adara, Cigancica, Gisela 5 and Gisela 6) with different vigour on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAc), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and main fruit physical properties of Sumadinka' sour cherry. In particular, 'Sumadinka' on Gisela 5, especially on Gisela 6 had the highest fruit and stone weight, fruit dimensions and ripening index (RI) value. MaxMa 14 as a semi-dwarf rootstock induced the best values of all phenolic compounds evaluated and TAC, whereas Gisela 5 as a dwarf rootstock promoted the poorest levels of these compounds and antioxidant activity. Krymsk 6 and Colt induced the highest and similar flesh rate, whereas Adara promoted the lowest. Cigancica induced the highest soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), but poor phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. In general, the more vigorous rootstocks produced significantly lower fruit weight, fruit size, SSC and TA, but induced better content of phenolic compounds in comparison with semi-dwarf and dwarf rootstocks, respectively
Uticaj različitih sistema gajenja na prinos i kvalitet ploda crne ribizle (Ribes nigrum L.)
No full textThe experiment evaluated the yield and fruit quality (soluble solids content, total sugars, invert sugars, total acids, pH value) of six black currant cultivars (‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’, ‘Tisel’ and ‘Tiben’) in different cultivation systems (bare fallow, sawdust mulch and black foil mulch). During the five-year research period, the average yield per bush and that per unit area were highest in ‘Tiben’, and lowest in ‘Ben Sarek’. The highest content of soluble solids was determined in ‘Tisel’, while ‘Čačanska Crna’ had the highest content of total and invert sugars. In contrast, the highest values for total acids and pH value were obtained in ‘Tisel’. In terms of cultivation systems, sawdust mulch treatments led to significantly higher values of yield per bush and per unit area compared to bare fallow and foil mulch. Black foil mulch had a significant positive effect on the synthesis of soluble solids and sugars, while sawdust mulch had the effect on the accumulation of acids and pH value. The results suggested that black currants grow well under varied cultivation systems, and indicated that cultivation systems had a significant effect on yield and fruit quality.U eksperimentu su praćeni prinos i kvalitet ploda (rastvorljive suve materije, ukupni šećeri, invertni šećeri, ukupne kiseline i pH) kod šest sorti crne ribizle (Ben Lomond, Ben Sarek, Titania, Čačanska Crna, Tisel i Tiben) pri različitim sistemima gajenja (jalovi ugar, strugotina malč i crna folija malč). Tokom petogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja, najveći prosečni prinos po žbunu i jedinici površine zabeležen je kod sorte Tiben, a najniži kod sorte Ben Sarek. Najvećim sadržajem rastvorljivih suvih materija odlikovali su se plodovi sorte Tisel, dok je sorta Čačanska Crna imala najveći sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih šećera. Sa druge strane, visoka vrednost ukupnih kiselina i pH zabeležena je kod sorte Tisel. U pogledu sistema gajenja, upotreba strugotine kao malča uticala je na povećanje prinosa, kako po žbunu, tako i po jedinici površine u poređenju sa jalovim ugarom i folijom. Crna folija malč imala je pozitivan efekat na sintezu rastvorljivih suvih materija i šećera, dok je strugotina malč uticala na akumulaciju ukupnih kiselina i pH vrednost ploda. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da crna ribizla dobro uspeva pod različitim sistemima gajenja, i da sistemi gajenja imaju značajan uticaj na prinos i kvalitet ploda
Impact of foliar application ʻStopitʼ on fruit quality and storage of ʻGranny Smithʼ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
No full textThe paper presents the two-year results (2018–2019) of foliar product ʻStopitʼ application on pomological traits and storage of the apple cultivar ʻGranny Smithʼ. Foliar treatments in apple orchards were performed four times (on June 7th, July 2nd, July 20th, August 15th– in 2018; June 14th, July 5th, July 26th, August 16th– in 2019) during vegetation, that is, from the beginning of June until middle of August. At harvest as well as after storage of fruits (120 days) in a cooler at normal atmospheric pressure, fruit morphometric traits, firmness and soluble solids content of the cultivar ʻGranny Smithʼ and its control were studied comparatively. Analysis of the obtained results pointed to a statistically significant impact of storage period (except the soluble solids content), genotype (except fruit width) and agroecological conditions in the period of study as well as interaction effect of all variability factors on tested parameters. Values of the fruit mass ranged from 157.28 to 202.56 g, width from 60.11 to 71.72 mm, height from 71.30 to 80.03 mm and the content of soluble solids from 11.13 to 14.41 °Brix. Application of foliar product ʻStopitʼ containing calcium (Ca) in the form of calcium chloride (CaCl2) conditioned a more favorable effect on pomological traits of the control variant of cv ʻGranny Smithʼ, whereas during the study period, higher values were found in the first year. From the economic perspective of apple production, values of the fruit firmness as one of the most important parameters of fruit quality were lower after taking the fruits out of the cooler although the values in each variant were higher compared to control
Влияние на листен тор FitoBotryfun върху качеството на къпинови плодове
No full textIn the group of berry species, blackberry is, by economic importance for the Republic of Serbia, immediately behind raspberry and strawberry. Analyzing blackberry production from the previous period, we can observe a huge problem which reduces the yield of blackberries for about 30% each year i.e. the gray mould during the phenophase of ripening caused by phytopathogenic fungus Botritis cinerea Pers. In order to improve fruit quality and overcome this problem, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of fertilizer application in preventing the aforementioned causal agent of grey mould and also to significantly affect the preservation of health safety of blackberry fruits. In this regard, during the conducted investigations, a biodegradable Fe based fertilzer FitoBotryfun, which is recommended in organic production, was applied. The paper presents results of a two-year study (2018‒2019) into the impact of foliar application FitoBotryfun fertilizer on morphometric, chemical properties of blackberry fruit. During 2019, the mineral composition of blackberry fruit was studied in relation to the used fertiliser. It was observed that most of the tested parameters were affected by foliar application of fertilizer during the research, as well as by their interaction. In terms of the morphometric properties, weight (12.12 g), height (40.54 mm), width (22.94 mm), and tickness (24.81 mm) were higher in treatment with FitoBotryfun than treatment without application. All chemical properties tested, soluble solids (11.55%), total sugars (4.93%), inverted sugars (4.67%) content, except sucrose and total acids content had higher values in the same treatment. In addition to this, the foliar application of FitoBotryfun had a positive effect on the copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) content of the blackberry fruits compared to the treatment without application.В групата на ягодоплодните плодове, къпината е непосредствено след малината и ягодата по икономическо значение в Република Сърбия. При анализа на производството на къпини от предишния период се наблюдава огромен проблем, който намалява добива на къпини с около 30% всяка година. По време на зреене, патогенните гъбички Botritis cinerea Pers. предизвикват сива плесен. За да се подобри качеството на плодовете и да се пре- одолее този проблем, е необходимо да се повиши ефективността в приложе- нието на торове за предотвратяване на гореспоменатия причинител на сивата плесен, както и да се повлияе значително върху запазването на безопас- ността на здравето на плодовете на къпината. В тази връзка по време на проведените проучвания е приложен биоразградим препарат FitoBotryfun, на основата на Fe, който се препоръчва при биологично производство. Статията представя резултати от двугодишно проучване (2018‒2019 г.) върху влиянието на листния тор FitoBotryfun върху морфометричните, химичните свойства на плодове на къпина. През 2019 г. минералният състав на къпиновите плодове е проучен по отношение на използвания тор. Установи се, че повечето от изследваните характеристики са повлияни от листното приложение на тор по време на изследванията, както и от тяхното взаимодействие. По отношение на морфометричните характеристики, теглото (12,12 g), височината (40,54 mm), ширината (22,94 mm) и гъвкавостта (24,81 mm) са повисоки при приложение на FitoBotryfun, отколкото без употребата му. Всички тествани химични свойства, разтворими сухи вещества (11,55%), общи захари (4,93%), инвертни захари (4,67%), с изключение на захарозата и съдържанието на общи киселини, имат повисоки стойности при едно и също приложение. В допълнение към това, листното приложение на FitoBotryfun оказва положително въздействие върху съдържанието на мед (Cu) и магнезий (Mg) в къпиновите плодове в сравнение с обработката без приложениетому
Evaluation of fruit quality of two autochthonous apple cultivars suitable for widespread production
No full textAutochthonous apple cultivars are mainly grown in extensive orchards. Due to their resistance to pathogens, frost and summer droughts, they should be considered for more intensive organic and integrated production. Since autochthonous cultivars represent valuable source of genetic variability, they contribute to biodiversity and stability of ecosystems. Nevertheless, fruit of autochthonous cultivars is abundant in health protecting compounds. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the fruit quality of two autochthonous apple cultivars, ʻBobovec’ and ʻKolačara’, in comparison to ʻMorrens Jonagored’, one of the most commercially important cultivar. The obtained results indicate that examined autochthonous cultivars contained higher amount of soluble solids, total acids and total phenolics. Although ’Bobovec’ had the smallest fruit, it exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity and contained the highest concentration of health‐beneficial phenolic compounds
Borovnica : tehnologija gajenja, zaštite i prerade
No full textOdlukom MNO za BiP monografija je verifikovana kao Istaknuta monografija nacionalnog značaja (M41);
Vujović Tatjana je bila jedan od recenzenata monografij