ReFRI
Not a member yet
939 research outputs found
Sort by
Quality assessment of strawberry cultivars grown in Western Serbia
No full textIn production plantings of the Republic of Serbia, there is a big heterogeneity of strawberry cultivars, which imposes the need for testing newly introduced cultivars that are, in addition to high yields, characterized by fruits of a wide range of sensory and nutritive properties. In order to identify and compare the differences in the fruit quality, four economically significant (‘Clery’, ‘Alba’, ‘Joly’ and ‘Senga Sengana’), and two promisings (‘Garda’ and ‘Leatitia’) day-neutral strawberry cultivars were harvested during five harvests in 2017 in the region of Čačak (Western Serbia). Strawberries were grown in double rows on beds covered with polyethylene foil. The physical (fruit weight, dimensions, firmness), chemical properties (soluble solids (SS), total (TS) and invert sugars (IS), sucrose (SUC), titrable acids (TA), pH, sugar/acid ratio (TS/TA)) and nutritive values (total phenols (TPC) and antioxidative activity (AA)) of the fruits were analyzed. Significantly higher fruit weight, dimensions, firmness and the highest content of SUC were recorded in the cultivar ‘Alba’, while the cultivar ‘Leatitia’ showed good results in terms of fruit weight, firmness and SS and TS. The high content of TS and IS (8.9 and 8.1%) as well as the low content of TA (0,8%) were registered in the samples of ‘Clery’, which caused the best TS/TA ratio in this cultivar (11,1). ‘Leatitia’ had a significantly higher TPC (2.5 mg eq GA g-1 FW), which was manifested through the highest AA (30.5 µmol TE g-1 FW) of this cultivar compared to other tested cultivars. The
comparative study of fruit quality suggests that promising cultivar ʻLeatitia’ can be recommended for further promotion and expansion in strawberry growing regions, especially with the aim to extend the harvest season and increase of fresh strawberry consumption bearing in mind a positive effect of phytochemicals on human health
Designing and implementing innovative and sustainable practices in plum growing technology
No full textIn recent years, due to the growing interest of population for healthy food consumption and environment protection, fruit growers are faced with many challenges related to creation of fruit production systems, which should meet the quality criteria of chemical-free fruits with increased nutritional value. One of the possible solutions which has become increasingly important and represents a high owered chance to meet aforementioned challenges may be found in development of new biotechnological procedures and use of natural biopotentials (biofertilizers, beneficial microorganisms, etc.). Accordingly, this study is based on examination of influences of an innovative liquid product based on vermicompost enriched with selected strains of beneficial microorganisms (VCMo), developed at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (FRI), on morphometric characteristics (fruit weight, length and width), internal quality traits (soluble solids content and firmness) and chemical properties (total anthocyanins content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and ‘Stanley’ plum cultivars during two consecutive seasons. Findings of the study indicate that implementation of this eco-friendly technology (VCMo), led to larger and firmer fruits in both cultivars and in both investigated years. The same trend has been observed in terms of soluble solids content. Higher values of the total anthocyanins, total phenols and total antioxidative activity were determined in VCMo treatment also. The study identifies liquid vermicompost enriched with selected strains of beneficial microorganisms as a suitable product that could create sustainable plum production and indicates the importance of adopting the stated growing technology as a powerful tool in orchard management
Performance of ‘Lana’, a new plum cultivar developed at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full text‘Lana’ was recognized as a new plum cultivar developed at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak in 2020. It is the eighteenth plum cultivar created at the Institute. ‘Lana’ was developed by planned hybridization of ‘California Blue’ × ‘Ruth Gershtetter’ and aimed selection of obtained plum hybrids of early fruit ripening time, good fruit quality, positive pomological properties, regular and optimal yield, and resistance or tolerance to the main plum pathogens. The new cultivar is characterized by a moderately vigorous to vigorous tree, a rare canopy with narrow-pyramidal shape. The branches are well garnished with fruiting wood. Flowering time is medium early similar to standard plum cultivar ‘Čačanska Rana’ with which it was evaluated in parallel. It is a self-incompatible cultivar. The ripening season is early, occurring in the second decade of July, about 4−10 days after ‘Čačanska Rana’. It crops regularly
and moderately. In field conditions, under natural pathogen infections pressure, ‘Lana’ shows no susceptibility to the Polistigma rubrum (Pers.) DC, Puccinia prunispinosae (Pers.: Pers.) and Taphrina pruni (Fuck.) Tul, while sporadic symptoms of brown rot can be observed pointing at moderate susceptibility to Monilinia laxa (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey. ‘Lana’ is tolerant to Sharka, it could exhibit sporadic symptoms on individual leaves but not on the fruits. The fruit is large, with average weight of 86.34 g, roundish, with very pronounced suture line. The skin is purpleblue with mildly expressed bloom. The flesh is yellow-greenish, moderately firm, juicy and aromatic with sweet-subacidic flavor, having 97.08% of share in the fruit weight. It contains an average of 14.5% soluble solids, 9.95% total sugar and 1.34% total acids. The stone is large and partially separated from the flesh. ‘Lana’ is a plum cultivar intended primarily for fresh consumption. It is recommended for growing in suitable agro-ecological conditions of vineyard areas
Designing and implementing innovative and sustainable practices in plum growing technology
No full textIn recent years, due to the growing interest of population for healthy food consumption and environment protection, fruit growers are faced with many challenges related to creation of fruit production systems, which should meet the quality criteria of chemical-free fruits with increased nutritional value. One of the possible solutions which has become increasingly important and represents a high powered chance to meet aforementioned challenges may be found in development of new biotechnological procedures and use of natural biopotentials (biofertilizers, beneficial microorganisms, etc.). Accordingly, this study is based on examination of influences of an innovative liquid product based on vermicompost enriched with selected strains of beneficial microorganisms (VCMo), developed at the Fruit Research Institute, Cacak (FRI), on morphometric characteristics (fruit weight, length and width), internal quality traits (soluble solids content and firmness) and chemical properties (total anthocyanins content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity) of 'Cacanska Lepotica' and 'Stanley' plum cultivars during two consecutive seasons. Findings of the study indicate that implementation of this eco-friendly technology (VCMo), led to larger and firmer fruits in both cultivars and in both investigated years. The same trend has been observed in terms of soluble solids content. Higher values of the total anthocyanins, total phenols and total antioxidative activity were determined in VCMo treatment also. The study identifies liquid vermicompost enriched with selected strains of beneficial microorganisms as a suitable product that could create sustainable plum production and indicates the importance of adopting the stated growing technology as a powerful tool in orchard management
Chemical and phenolic composition of fruits of raspberry and blackberry propagated by standard and in vitro techniques
No full textBerry fruits are a valuable source of phytochemicals, primarily sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds. Since sugars and organic acids are the most abundant soluble solids, they greatly determine fruit’s taste, which is one of the most important parameters for consumers’ acceptance. Due to the high content of naturally occurring antioxidants, particularly flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins, berries are considered as an important source of health-promoting compounds. The Republic of Serbia is one of the leading producers of raspberry and blackberry in Europe. Although high yield and satisfactory fruit quality largely depend on agroecological conditions, they cannot be reached without high-quality planting material. Raspberry and blackberry are mostly propagated vegetatively by conventional methods. However, micropropagation enables a year-round supply of physiologically uniform, true-to-type and disease-free planting material. Thus, we established the orchard using planting material propagated by standard technique (ST) and by in vitro tissue culture (TC). Three-year study evaluated the fruit quality of raspberry ‘Meeker’ and blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’, considering the different origins of the planting material. Several chemical parameters of fruit quality (dry matter, content of sugars, total acids content, pH, total pectins) were analysed. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of phenolic acids (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, ellagic, gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acid), flavonols (quercetin) and anthocyanins (cyanidin and pelargonidin). No significant differences were observed between berries from the ST and TC plants in both fruit species regarding any analysed chemical parameter. As expected, the most abundant phenolic acid in all berry samples was ellagic acid. With exception of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in blackberry, the type of planting material did not significantly affect the content of bioactive compounds in both blackberry and raspberry. On the other side, experimental year significantly influenced the abovementioned compounds, excluding the content of ellagic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid in raspberry
Mikopopulacija na američkoj visokožbunastoj borovnici u Srbiji
No full textPoslednjih decenija američka visokožbunasta borovnica (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
dobija sve značajnije mesto u voćarstvu više zemalja sveta, a posebno u visokorazvijenim.
Takođe, sve je veći interes proizvođača jagodastog voća iz Srbije za podizanje zasada
visokožbunaste borovnice. Trenutno se u Srbiji visokožbunasta borovnica gaji na površini od
oko 2.500 ha sa tendencijom rasta proizvodnje. Borovnicu napadaju brojne bolesti koje mogu
prouzrokovati veće ekonomske štete, a u izuzetnim slučajevima dovesti do propadanja čitavih
zasada.
Sistematskih istraživanja mikopopulacije borovnice u Srbiji do sada nije bilo. U ovome radu
iznosimo rezultate preliminarnih istraživanja mikopopulacije borovnice poreklom iz Srbije.
Uzorci su prikupljeni u periodu jun-avgust 2020. godine. Ukupno je analizirano 18 uzoraka sa
pet lokaliteta (Ivanjica 3, Čačak 3, Sopot 3, Bačka Topla 6 i Zlatibor 3). Delovi korenovog
varata i grana su pažljivo isprani pod tekućom vodom. Tako pripremljeni uzorci dezinfikovani
su sa 1% natrijum-hipokloritom (NaOCl) 1 min. i isprani tri puta u sterilnoj destilovanoj vodi.
Potom su prosušeni na sterilnom filter papiru i stavljani na krompir dekstrozni agar (KDA). U
svaku Petri kutiju stavljeno je po 5 biljnih delova, u pet ponavljanja. Držani su u termostatu
na 24°C . Pregled se obavljao svaka 3 dana, a na većini uzoraka micelija se razvila do 14. dana.
Razvijene micelije presejane su na novu KDA podlogu te je, nakon početnog porasta, vršni dio
micelija ponovno presejan na KDA. Mikroskopski pregled obavljen je pomoću mikroskopa
marke Olympus CX31. Morfološka identifikacija gljiva do roda obavljena je pomoću
standardnih ključeva.
Ukupno je pregledano 350 biljnih delova sa kojih je izolovano 8 rodova gljiva:
Fusarium, Phomopsis (Diaporthe), Alternaria, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Ulocladium, Trichoderma
i Pestalotiopsis. Na biljkama iz kojih su izolovane gljive bili su jasno vidljivi makroskopski
simptomi zaraze.
S оbzirоm nа sve veći znаčај borovnice kao jagodaste voćne vrste, cilј оvоg rаdа је
dеtеrminаciја glјivа, potencijalnih prоuzrоkоvаčа bоlеsti nа borovnici, rаdi јаsniјеg
sаglеdаvаnjа prоblеmа (izumirаnjе bilјаkа, smаnjеnjе prinоsа i drugо) kојi nаstајu kао
pоslеdicа prisustvа glјivа nа borovnici
Effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the quality of apple cv ‘Red Chief ’ (Malus × domestica Borkh.) during storage
No full textThe paper presents the two-year results of research regarding the impact of calcium chloride (ʻStopitʼ) on changes in morphometric properties of the fruit, firmness and the soluble solids content (SSC) in apple cv ʻRed Chiefʼ, at harvest and during storage of fruits (60 and 120 days) in the regular cold chamber. Foliar treatments were performed in four replications during vegetation (on June 7th, July 2nd, July 20th, August 15th – in 2018; June 14th, July 5th, July 26th, August 16th – in 2019). The obtained results indicate that fruit weight was significantly influenced by the calcium treatment and storage duration, while fruit dimensions varied under influence of storage duration only. The firmness and content of soluble solids was changing under the influence by all tested parameters and interaction effect of the study year and calcium treatment as well as storage duration. In the first year, fruits had higher weight (190.4 g), dimensions and firmness (12.4 N), whereas the SSC content was significantly higher in the second year of the study (16.2 °Brix). The fruits treated with calcium chloride had higher firmness (10.3 N) and soluble solids content (14.2 °Brix), especially after storage of 60 and 120 days (14.9 and 15.1 °Brix) compared to the soluble solids content in fresh fruits (11.5 °Brix). The stated results were confirmed by the highest values of the SSC recorded in the second year of the study after 60 days of fruit storage (17.9 °Brix). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that foliar application of calcium chloride during vegetation can be an effective measure with which losses in quality of apple fruit during storage in the regular cold chamber can be avoided with no negative effect on consumer acceptability
Ягодоплодни култури в Сърбия-настоящо състояние и перспективи
No full textConsiderable economic importance of berries in the total economic production of the Republic of Serbia is determined by the following factors: high use value of the fruit, a relatively high rate of investment returns, high product marketability, additional employment and indirect impact on overall socio-economic development.
Of all the berries, red raspberry production is major, placing Serbia among the world's leading producers and exporters of frozen raspberries for many years. Based on the data of the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, our country‟s annual net foreign exchange inflow ranges from 230 to 300 million US dollars.
Average annual production of strawberries in Serbia over the past five years has ranged from 25.000 to 30.000 t, while strawberry grown area amounts to about 7.000 ha. Various cultivation technologies are applied in the plantations, the predominant being the drip-irrigated polyethylene foil covered beds. Despite the advancements in cultivation technology, average yields per unit area are still low due to the frequent occurrence of late spring frosts during flowering and long rainy periods during ripening period. In addition, cultivation of strawberry in extensive plantations also affects adversely strawberry production yielded in commercial plantations.
Raspberries are grown on about 14.000 ha, while the production ranges from 53.000 to over 100.000 t. Most commonly grown floricane cultivars are Willamete, Meeker, Fertodi Zamato, Glen Ample and Tulameen, and primocane Polka, Polana, Himbo Top and Heritage.Newly developed primocane and floricane cultivars are currently being introduced into production, and the cultivation technology is quite diverse, as well as the yields obtained.
As regards the produced quantities of blackberries, the Republic of Serbia accounts for 69% and 17.82% in European and global production respectively, which ranks our country among the four leading world producers of this fruit. In recent years, due to dissatisfaction of producers over purchase prices, the production of this fruit species in the Republic of Serbia has fluctuated significantly.
In the municipality of Arilje, highbush blueberry grown area has dramatically increased from initial 10
hectares to 3.000 hectares, Duke being the predominantly grown cultivar. Different technologies are used in the production of this fruit species. However, over the past few years, highbush blueberry has been increasingly grown in containers of different dimensions, under protected and semi protected conditions. Depending on the age of the plantations and the applied technology, the yields in Serbia range from 6 to over 28 t per hectare.
Despite the high demand on the market, the cultivation of black and red currants in our country is practically in its infancy. Black and red currants grown area is slightly larger than 200 ha, with a negligible production of several hundred t (100 to 150 t), thus the need for currants is met by importing frozen fruits and concentrates, especially of black currants.
Berries produced in our country are predominantly placed on the European market, but also on the markets of Russia, England, the USA and the Asian countries.Голямата икономическа значимост на ягодоплодните култури в общото производство на Република Сърбия се определя от следните фактори: висока потребителска стойност на плодовете, относително голям процент на възвръщаемост на инвестициите, висока продаваемост на продукта, допълнителна заетост и косвено въздействие върху общото социално-икономическо развитие. От всички ягодоплодни култури, производството на червена малина е основно, което поставя Сърбия сред водещите световни производители и износители на замразени малини в продължение на много години. Въз основа на данните на Сръбската търговска камара годишният нетен приток на валута в страната варира от 230 до 300 милиона щатски долара. Средното годишно производство на ягоди в Сърбия през последните пет години варира от 25 000 до 30 000 t, докато отглежданите площи с ягоди възлизат на около 7 000 ha.
В насажденията се прилагат различни технологии за отглеждане, като преобладаващи са тези с капково напояване и под полиетиленово фолио. Въпреки напредъка в технологията на отглеждане, средните добиви от единица площ все още са ниски поради честото появяване на късни пролетни студове по време на цъфтежа и дълги дъждовни периоди през периода на узряване. Освен това, отглеждането на ягоди в екстензивни насаждения оказва влияние върху тяхното производството с търговска цел.
Малини се отглеждат на около 14.000 ha, докато производството варира от 53.000 до над 100.000 t. Най често отглежданите сортове са Виламет, Мийкър, Фертоди заматос, Глен ампъл и Туламин, и ремонтантните сортове като Полка Полана, Химбо Топ и Херитидж.
Понастоящем в производството се въвеждат новоразработени двугодишни и ремонтантни сортове, а технологията на отглеждане е доста разнообразна, както и получените добиви. По отношение на произведените количества на къпини, Република Сърбия представлява съответно 69% и 17.82% в европейското и световното производство, което нарежда страната ни сред четирите водещи световни производители на този плод. През последните години, поради недоволството на производителите от изкупните цени, производството на този овощен вид в Република Сърбия значително се колебае.
В община Ариле площта на отглежданите високохрастовидни боровинки се е увеличила значително от първоначалните 10 хектара на 3.000 хектара, като предимно се отглежда сорт Дюк. При производството на този овощен вид се използват различни технологии. Но, през последните няколко години високохрастовидната боровинка все повече се отглежда в контейнери с различни размери, при защитени и полузащитени условия. В зависимост от възрастта на насажденията и приложената технология, добивите в Сърбия варират от 6 до над 28 t на хектар.
Въпреки голямото търсене на пазара, отглеждането на черен касис и червено френско грозде в Сърбия на практика e в начален стадий. Площите с касис и червено френско грозде, са малко повече от 200 ha, с незначително производство от няколкостотин тона (100 до 150 t), поради което нуждата от касис се задоволява чрез внос на замразени плодове и концентрати, особено на касис.
Произвежданите в Сърбия ягодоплодни се пласират предимно на европейския пазар, но също и на пазарите на Русия, Англия, САЩ и азиатските държав
Detekcija latentnog virusa borovnice na američkoj visokožbunastoj borovnici u Srbiji
No full textPoslednjih godina američka visokožbunasta borovnica (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
zauzima sve značajnije mesto u gajenju jagodastog voća u Srbiji. Prema procenama, borovnica
se danas gaji na preko 2.500 ha sa izraženom tendencijom rasta. Proizvodnju borovnice,
pored gljiva i bakterija, mogu ugroziti i brojni fitopatogeni virusi koji u zavisnosti od
osetljivosti sorte pričinjavaju manje ili veće štete.
Latentni virus borovnice (blueberry latent virus - BlLV, familija Amalgaviridae, rod
Amalgavirus) je nedavno otkriveni virus borovnice koji na žbunovima ne izaziva vidljive
simptome. U pojedinačnim i mešanim infekcijama sa drugim virusima ne prouzrokuje
ekonomske štete. Prisustvo BlLV je za sada potvrđeno samo u SAD i Japanu.
U cilju ispitivanja prisustva i rasprostranjenosti BlLV u Srbiji, u periodu od 2012−2020.
godine sakupljeno je i analizirano ukupno 78 uzoraka borovnice. Analizirani su uzorci 12 sorti
(’Aurora’, ’Barbara Ann’, ’Bluecrop’, ’Bluetta’, ’Duke’, ’Goldtraub’, ’Jolene’, ’Liberty’, ’Patriot’,
’Reka’, ’Spartan’ i ’Sweet Jane’) koji su uzeti iz 15 lokaliteta. Za detekciju BlLV primenjena je
metoda reverzne transkripcije i lančane reakcije polimeraze (Reverse Transcription –
Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR). Ekstrakcija ukupnih nukleinskih kiselina iz lišća
borovnice urađena je sa 2% CTAB puferom. Reverzna transkripcija urađena je sa pd(N)6
random prajmerima, dok su u PCR reakciji korišćeni BlLV-specifični prajmeri koji umnožavaju
391 bp fragment fuzion protein gena. Dobijeni PCR proizvodi su analizirani elektroforezom u
1,5% agaroznom gelu i bojenjem etidijum-bromidom.
Prisustvo BlLV je potvrđeno u svim lokalitetima u 59 ispitivanih uzoraka (74,7%).
Virus je detektovan kod svih ispitivanih sorti, osim u uzorcima sorte ’Barbara Ann’. Osim u
pojedinačnoj infekciji, prisustvo BlLV je potvrđeno i u 15 uzoraka u mešanoj infekciji sa
virusom mozaika borovnice (blueberry mosaic-associated virus) i virusom crvene prstenaste pegavosti borovnice (blueberry red ringspot virus). Identifikacija BlLV je potvrđena
sekvencioniranjem umnoženih fragmenata fuzion protein gena odabranih izolata.
Latentni virus borovnice se ne smatra ekonomskim značajnim virusom borovnice jer
ne izaziva vidljive simptome na zaraženim biljkama. I pored značajnog prisustva BlLV u
zasadima borovnice u Srbiji ne bi trebalo očekivati probleme u proizvodnji zbog infekcije
ovim virusom