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Long-term conservation of fruit tree germplasm using different in vitro cryopreservation techniques at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full textKrioprezervacija predstavlja savremenu metodu za dugotrajno čuvanje biljnog materijala na ultra niskim temperaturama (tečni azot, -196 °C). Ova metoda je komplementarna konvencionalnim metodama čuvanja jer značajno snižava troškove i rizike vezane za održavanje biljnih kolekcija u poljskim uslovima (ex situ). Program primene ove strategije za dugotrajno očuvanje biljnih genetičkih resursa iniciran je i u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čaćak u okviru Odeljenja za fiziologiju voćaka pre više od jedne decenije. Istraživanja su fokusirana na optimizaciju protokola za različite in vitro tehnike krioprezervacije koje se baziraju na direktnom potapanju biljnog materijala u tečni azot i njihovu primenu u čuvanju genetičkih resursa kontinentalnih voćaka. Primenjene tehnike podrazumavaju primenu hemijske (vitrifikacija, „droplet“ vitrifikacija, „V cryo-plate“) ili fizičke dehidratacije (inkapsulacija-dehidracija, „D cryo-plate“) biljnog materijala pre potapanja u tečni azot. Tehnika inkapsulacije-dehidracije je uspešno primenjena u krioprezervaciji džanarike i sorte kupine Čaćanska bestrna. Ispitivanje primene tehnike vitrifikacija kod vrsta roda Prunus i Malus pokazalo je da se značajno povećanje kapaciteta regeneracije vrhova izdanaka podloge za trešnju Gisela 5 i sorte jabuke Gala Must posle otapanja iz tečnog azota može postići variranjem dužine dehidratacije i/ili vrste korišćenih vitrifikacionih rastvora. Optimizacija protokola za tehniku „droplet“ vitrifikacije postignuta je ispitivanjem uticaja različitih vitrifikacionih rastvora, dužine tretmana, temperature dehidratacije i dužine osmotske rehidratacije kod predstavnika rodova Prunus (autohtone sorte šljive Crvena Ranka, Sitnica i Požegača, džanarika, podloga za tešnju Gisela 5), Malus (jabuka Gala Must) i Rubus (kupina Čačanska bestrna). Poslednjih godina, inicirana su takođe i istraživanja primene novorazvijenih „V cryo-plate“ i „D cryoplate“ tehnika krioprezervacije. Ove tehnike omogućavaju prevazila`enje izvesnih ograničenja vezanih za nedovoljnu dehidrataciju biljnog tkiva, oštećenje i gubitak biljnog materijala tokom pripreme za krioprezervacione protokole, kao i manipulativnih problema u protokolima drugih tehnika vitrifikacije. Korišćenjem navedenih tehnika uspešno su krioprezervirani vrhovi izdanaka različitih genotipova autohtonih šjiva (Crvena Ranka, Požegača, Sitnica, Moravka, Belošljiva), džanarike, podloge za trešnju Gisela 5, sorte jagode Clery, borovnice Toro i mongolske borovnice (Amelanchier alnifolia) koji su gajeni u uslovima kulture in vitro. Dosadašnji rezultati postignuti u ovim istraživanjima predstavljaju značajan doprinos uspostavljanju optimizirane tehnologije dugotrajnog čuvanja biljnog materijala primenom različitih tehnika krioprezervacije. Ovaj pregled istraživanja daje dobru osnovu za dalju optimizaciju protokola koje će biti moguće direktno primeniti u budući program uspostavljanja in vitro banke gena (germplazme) voćnih biljnih vrsta koje se gaje u Srbiji., Cryopreservation represents contemporary method for long-term conservation of plant germplasm at ultralow temperature (liquid nitrogen, -196oC). Since cryopreservation reduces cost and risks linked to management of field germplasm collections, it has become a complementary approach to conventional conservation methods. Program for application of this strategy was also initiated within Department of Fruit Physiology of FRI, Čačak more than a decade ago. Most of the research has been focused on optimization of the protocols for different vitrification-based cryopreservation techniques and their application for conserving temperate fruit tree genotypes. Encapsulation-dehydration technique has been successfully applied for cryopreservation of cherry plum and blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’. Research on application of vitrification technique for conservation of Prunus and Malus germplasm has shown that significant increase in regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ and apple ‘Gala Must’ can be achieved by varying duration of dehydration and/or type of vitrification solution (VS) employed. Optimization of the droplet-vitrification protocol in representatives of Prunus (plums ‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Požegača’, and ‘Krina’, cherry plum, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’), Malus (apple ‘Gala Must’) and Rubus (blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’) genera was performed by evaluating the effect of different VSs, treatment durations, temperature of dehydration and duration of unloading on recovery of cryopreserved explants. Recently, the research on application of newly developed V and D cryo-plate techniques has been initiated, too. These methods allow overcoming disadvantages of other vitrification procedures such as mistiming dehydration, damage and loss of material and manipulative problems. Shoot tips of number of autochthonous plums (‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Požegača’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Moravka’, ‘Belošljiva’), cherry plum, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’, strawberry ‘Clery’, blueberry ‘Toro’ and saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) were successfully cryopreserved using these methods. Results obtained in this research represent a substantial contribution to establishing optimized conservation technology by application of different vitrification based cryopreservation techniques, as well as a good basis for further optimization of the protocols that will be possible to directly implement in the future program of establishing an in vitro germplasm bank of fruit tree species in our country.Cryopreservation represents contemporary method for long-term conservation of plant germplasm at ultralow temperature (liquid nitrogen, -196oC). Since cryopreservation reduces cost and risks linked to management of field germplasm collections, it has become a complementary approach to conventional conservation methods. Program for application of this strategy was also initiated within Department of Fruit Physiology of FRI, Čačak more than a decade ago. Most of the research has been focused on optimization of the protocols for different vitrification-based cryopreservation techniques and their application for conserving temperate fruit tree genotypes. Encapsulation-dehydration technique has been successfully applied for cryopreservation of cherry plum and blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’. Research on application of vitrification technique for conservation of Prunus and Malus germplasm has shown that significant increase in regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ and apple ‘Gala Must’ can be achieved by varying duration of dehydration and/or type of vitrification solution (VS) employed. Optimization of the droplet-vitrification protocol in representatives of Prunus (plums ‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Požegača’,
and ‘Krina’, cherry plum, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’), Malus (apple ‘Gala Must’) and Rubus (blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’) genera was performed by evaluating the effect of different VSs, treatment durations, temperature of dehydration and duration of unloading on recovery of cryopreserved explants. Recently, the research on application of newly developed V and D cryo-plate techniques has been initiated, too. These methods allow overcoming disadvantages of other vitrification procedures such as mistiming dehydration, damage and loss of material and manipulative problems. Shoot tips of number of autochthonous plums (‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Požegača’, ‘Sitnica’, ‘Moravka’, ‘Belošljiva’), cherry plum, rootstock ‘Gisela 5’, strawberry ‘Clery’, blueberry ‘Toro’ and saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) were successfully cryopreserved using these methods.
Results obtained in this research represent a substantial contribution to establishing optimized conservation technology by application of different vitrification based cryopreservation techniques, as well as a good basis for further optimization of the protocols that will be possible to directly implement in the future program of establishing an in vitro germplasm bank of fruit tree species in our country
RS-PC-67 : Strain Neopestaloptiopsis clavispora
No full textA strain of the phytopathogenic fungus Neopestalotiopsis clavispora was detected and completely morphologically and molecularly characterized in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. The strain is deposited in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands, CBS strain database (strain RS-PC-67, #CBS 149249), as the only strain of this species from Serbia. It is used as one of the reference isolates of N. clavispora for the study of phytopathogenic fungi from this genus from 2022 at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak and at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Belgrade. At the international level, the strain was commercially realized in 2022
Technological processes of production of thermal insulation boards from raspberry and blackberry cuttings
No full textNakon branja plodova malina, voćne grane maline i kupina se orezuju, a ove reznice su vrlo malo ili uopšte nemaju upotrebu. Dostupni resursi od zasada malina i kupina, koji se generišu nakon branje u Srbiji, su oko 200 km kubnih metara drveta. Enenergetski potencijal ovih reznica je uporediv sa energetskim potencijalom bukve ili hrasta. Korišćenje reznica od maline i kupine za proizvodnju termozvučno izolacionih ploča i njihova primena u građevinarsku smanjilo bi troškove grejanja. U ovom radu dati su tehnološki procesi za proizvodnju termozvučno izolacionih ploča od reznica malina i kupina.After collecting the fruits of raspberry and blackberry, gender branches of raspberry and blackberry is cut and used very little or not used at all. Available resources with raspberry plantations and blackberry generated after dialing in Serbia, there are 200 km of cubic meters of wood from these cuttings, energy potential is comparable to the energy potential of beech or oak. The use of raspberries and blackberries for the production of thermoid insulation committees and their use in construction would reduce heating costs. This paper presents technological processes for the production of thermal sound insulation boards are made of raspberry and blackberry cuttings
The investigation of reproductive parameters in plum cultivar ʽTimočankaʼ
No full textTimočanka je visoko kvalitetna stona sorta šljive, koja se pored pozitivnih osobina kao što su krupan i veoma ukusan plod, odlikuje i promenljivom rodnošću. U cilju analize reproduktivnog procesa ove sorte tokom 2016. i 2017. godine proučavana je klijavost polena in vitro, kao i rast polenovih cevčica in vivo, inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova u varijantama slobodnog-, samo- i stranooprašivanja (za koje su korišćene sorte Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna i Stanley). Pored toga, eksperimentom je bilo obuhvaćeno i proučavanje fenofaze cvetanja i dnevnih temperatura vazduha, proučavanje vitalnosti embrionove kesice kod neoprašenih cvetova i uspeha oplođenja kod cvetova uzetih iz varijante slobodnog oprašivanja u prvih 21 dan nakon punog cvetanja. Utvrđeno je da su korišćeni oprašivači zadovoljavali kriterijume u pogledu preklapanja feno faze cvetanja sa sortom timočanka, kao i vitalnosti polena. Srednja temperatura za periodod 21 dan nakon punog cvetanja u 2016. Godini iznosilaje 15,3°C, odnosno 11,3°C u 2017. godini. Najviše vrednosti kvantitativnih parametara rasta polenovih cevčica in vivo utvrđene su u varijanti oprašivanja polenom sorte Čačanska lepotica, dok su najviše vrednosti inicijalnog (32,15%) i finalnog zametanja plodova (20,52%) utvrđene u varijanti oprašivanja polenom sorte Čačanska rodna. Najniže vrednosti proučavanih parametara utvrđene su u varijanti samooprašivanja, kao i u varijanti stranooprašivanja polenom sorte Stanley. Svi proučavani parametri polena, kao i inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova, imali suviše vrednosti u prvoj godini proučavanja. Vitalne embrionove kesice su u obe godine zapažene do desetog dana posle punog cvetanja (16,7% u 2016. i 27,3% u 2017). Međutim, broj oplođenih embrionih kesica bio je veći u 2016. godini u odnosu na 2017. Utvrđena je i značajna pozitivna korelacija između vitalnosti polena, kvantitativnih parametara rasta polenovih cevčica in vivo i zametanjap lodova.The dessert plum cultivar ‘Timočanka’, in addition to positive characteristics such as large fruits of excellent taste and good quality, is also characterized by irregular bearing. In order to evaluate the reproductive process during two years (2016 and 2017), in vitro pollen germination, quantitative parameters of pollen tube growth in vivo, initial and final fruit set under open, self- and cross-pollination (with cultivars ʽČačanska Lepoticaʼ, ʽČačanska Rodnaʼ and ʽStanleyʼ) were evaluated. Also, the experiment included examination of the flowering phenophaseand daily air temperatures, embryo sac viability in unpollinated flowers and fertilization success in flowers from open pollination within the 21 days following the date of full flowering. The results indicated that pollenizers had good pollen germination in vitro and satisfactory flowering time overlap with the cultivar ʽTimočankaʼ. Mean daily temperatures for flowering and post-flowering period in 2016 and 2017 were 15.3°C and 11.3°C, respectively. The highest average values of quantitative parameters of pollen tube growth in vivo were obtained in crosspollination variant with ʽČačanska Lepoticaʼ, while the highest average values of initial (32.15%) and final (20.52%) fruit set were observed with ʽČačanska Rodnaʼ as pollenizer. The lowest values of examined parameters were recorded in the self-pollination variant and in the cross-pollination variant with cultivar ʽStanleyʼ as pollenizer. All investigated parameters of pollen tube growth, as well as initial and final fruit set had higher values in the first experimental year. In both years during the first ten days after full bloom, the viable embryo sacs were observed (16.7% in 2016 and 27.3% in 2017). However, fertilization success i.e., number of fertilized embryo sacs was higher in 2016. than in 2017. The study revealed existence of significant correlations between individual studied parameters of pollen viability, pollen tube growth in vivo and fruit set.dr Aleksandar Leposavić, dr Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, dr Sanja Radičević, dr Tatjana Vujović, dr Darko Jevremović, dr Branko Popović, dr Nebojša Milošević i dr Slađana Marić su bili članovi Programskog odbora.
dr Marijana Pešaković, dr Svetlana M. Paunović i d Ivana Glišić su bile članovi Organizacionog odbora
Properties of new Serbian genotypes of European plum grown in the region of Čačak (Serbia)
No full text‘Lana’ and ‘G’ are the latest genotypes of European plum that were developed in the Republic of Serbia. ‘Lana’ was obtained at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak from the cross ‘California Blue’ × ‘Ruth Gerstetter’ and named and released in 2020. Genotype ‘G’ is spontaneous seedling selected at Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad and was recognized at the beginning of 2022, but has not yet been named. In order to examine performance of those cultivars in agro-ecological conditions of Čačak, this study was done during three consecutive years (2016–2018). The most relevant biological characteristics (flowering and ripening time; morphometric, chemical and organoleptic properties of fruit) and field resistance to causal agents of economically important viral (Plum pox virus) and fungal (red leaf spot, rust and fruit rot) diseases were evaluated. ‘Čačanska Rana’ was used as a standard for ‘Lanaʼ, while ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ was control cultivar for ‘G’. ‘Lanaʼ exhibited later flowering onset (one day) and ripening time (10 days), larger fruit and higher level of field resistance to causal agents of red leaf spot and rust than ‘Čačanska Rana’. The fruit organoleptic properties and field resistance to Plum pox virus of ‘Lanaʼ were in line with standard, though similar or lower values of investigated fruit chemical properties were observed. The flowering and ripening time of genotype ‘G’ occurred two and 10 days later than in ‘Čačanska Lepotica’. The morphometric and organoleptic fruit properties of genotype ‘G’ were similar to those of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, although significantly higher values of the assessed fruit chemical properties were found. Also, genotype ‘G’ demonstrated the same level of field resistance to Plum pox virus as standard and better results regarding the field resistance to causal agents of fungal diseases
Autohtoni genotipovi izdvojeni iz roda Prunus u Republici Srbiji
No full textFruit species of the Prunus genus are among the most represented worldwide. According to harvested
area and production volume, plum and sour cherry are beside apple and raspberry the most valuable
species in the Republic of Serbia. Also, peach, apricot and sweet cherry are of high importance.
Germplasms of all aforementioned Prunus species in the Republic of Serbia are very heterogeneous.
Numerous genotypes are characterized with high fruit quality and tolerance/resistance to causal agents of
the most important diseases and therefore, some of them such as plum ‘Crvena Ranka’, sour cherry
‘Obla~inska‘ and apricots ‘NS-4’ and ‘NS-6’ have a major impact on commercial production. On the other
hand, due to these properties, as well as others, a number of autochthonous genotypes have been used in
breeding work as one of the parents in planned hybridization. Selection of genotypes with better characteristics
have been carried out over a long time period in the Republic of Serbia and some of them, upon
evaluation under the recognition procedure, were named and released as new cultivars. Also, clonal selection
of the autochthonous genotypes and well-known landraces are a very useful tool for improvement of
assortment structure. Therefore, selected clones with better characteristics might be used in production and
further breeding work. Until these days, 11 apricot (‘^a~anska Pljosnata’, ‘^a~ansko Zlato’, ‘Aleksandar’,
‘Biljana’, ‘Vera’, ‘NS4’, ‘NS6’, ‘Novosadska Rodna’, ‘Novosadska Kasnocvetna’ ‘Buda’, ‘Ru`a’), two
peach (‘Ma{a’ and ‘Lela’), two sour cherry (‘Lenka’ and ‘Prima’) and one sweet cherry (‘Canetova’) genotypes
have been named and released as new cultivars. In addition, one plum, one sweet cherry and two sour
cherry genotypes are under the recognition procedure for new cultivars.Vrste voćaka iz roda Prunus su me|u najznačajnijima
u svetu. Prema površini na kojoj se gaje i obimu proizvodnje,
šljiva i višnja su, uz jabuku i malinu, najznačajnije vrste voćaka u Republici Srbiji. Takođe, breskva,
kajsija i trešnja su od izuzetno velikog značaja.
Germplazma svih pomenutih vrsta u Republici Srbiji
je veoma raznolika i heterogena. Brojni genotipovi
različitih vrsta se između ostalog odlikuju izuzetnim
kvalitetom ploda i tolerantnošću/otpornošću na najznačajnije bolesti. Zbog svojih pozitivnih karakteristika
genotipovi Crvena ranka (šljiva), Oblačinska (višnja), NS-4 i NS-6 (kajsija) su od izuzetnog značaja za
komercijalnu proizvodnju. Takođe, ovi genotipovi,
kao i brojni drugi imaju veliki značaj i u oplemenjivanju
kao roditeljske sorte u planskoj hibridizaciji. Selekcija
genotipova boljih proizvodnih osobina iz prirodnih
populacija se u Republici Srbiji sprovodi duži
vremenski period i u taj proces su uključene sve relevantne
naučne institucije. U prethodnom periodu neki
genotipovi su izdvojeni i kroz postupak priznavanja
kod Komisije za priznavanje sorti pri Ministarstvu
poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije
priznati su za nove sorte. Do sada je za nove sorte
priznato 11 genotipova kajsije (Čačanska Pljosnata,
Čačansko Zlato, Aleksandar, Biljana, Vera, NS-4, NS-
6, Novosadska Rodna, Novosadska Kasnocvetna, Buda
i Ruža), dva genotipa breskve, (Maša i Lela), dva
genotipa višnje (Lenka i Prima) i jedan genotip trešnje
(Canetova). Pored toga, u ovom momentu u proceduri
priznavanja za nove sorte nalaze se jedan genotip šljive
(Gardinovačka), jedan genotip trešnje (G-2) i dva
genotipa višnje (GV-6 i GV-10)
Fenološke karakteristike i kvalitet ploda introdukovanih sorti trešnje (Prunus avium L.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka
No full textPhenological and pomological properties of nine introduced sweet cherry cultivars – ‘Burlat’, ‘Early Bigi’, ‘Early Lory’, ‘Early Star’, ‘Junska Rana’, ‘Newstar’, ‘Merchant’, ‘Sunburst’ and ‘Vega’, were studied in the vicinity of Čačak, during the two-year period (2018–2019). The investigation included morphometrical characteristics of fruit (fruit and stone weight; fruit dimensions – height, width and thickness; stalk length; fruit shape index; stone share), biochemical composition of fruit (soluble solids content; total sugars, inverted sugars and sucrose contents; total acids content; fruit juice pH, and sweetness index). The cultivars were characterized by medium-early to medium-late flowering time, and ripening span from 2nd to 4th ripening-week of cherry season. The highest value of fruit weight was found in ‘Sunburst’ (4th week of cherry ripening season) and ‘Early Star’ (2nd week of cherry ripening season). The chemical analyses also pointed to the high quality of fruits for these two cultivars, so they can be recommended for the commercial sweet cherry orchards in the Republic of Serbia, in order to improve assortment structure, and to extend harvesting season. ‘Merchant’ was also characterized with exceptional quality, in terms of biochemical composition of fruits. In relation to early ripening time (earlier than ‘Burlat’), cultivar ‘Early Bigi’ showed high values of quality parameters. Both ‘Merchant’ and ‘Early Bigi’ could be the part of sweet cherry assortment in a smaller extent, after ver-ification in production conditions, and in the areas where they give good results.U cilju povećanja proizvodnje trešnje u Republici Srbiji, neophodno je uvođenje novih sorti koje u poređenju sa postojećim imaju atraktivniji izgled ploda i bolji kvalitet. Sorte treba da pripadaju različitim nedeljama sazrevanja trešnje, kako bi se tržištu obezbedili kvalitetni plodovi u što širem vremenskom periodu, a berba racionalno organizovala. U različitim programima oplemenjivanja u svetu posebna pažnja je posvećena dobijanju visokokvalitetnih ranih sorti trešnje koje mogu da konkurišu standardnoj sorti Burlat, odnosno da pokažu bolji kvalitet u pogledu krupnoće, čvrstine i otpornosti ploda na pucanje. Odlični oplemenjivački rezultati su postignuti sa sortama Early Lory i Early Bigi u Francuskoj, kao i sa sortom Early Star u Italiji. Fenološka i pomološka svojstva devet introdukovanih sorti trešnje (Burlat, Early Bigi, Early Lory, Early Star, Junska Rana, Newstar, Merchant, Sunburst i Vega), proučavana su tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda (2018–2019. godine) u okolini Čačka (lokalitet Jezdina). Ispitivanjima su obuhvaćene karakteristike fenofaza cvetanja i zrenja, morfometrijske karakteristike ploda (masa ploda i koštice; dimenzije ploda - visina,širina i debljina; dužina peteljke; indeks oblika ploda; udeo koštice u ukupnoj masi ploda), biohemijski sastav ploda (sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija; sadržaj ukupnih šećera, invertnih šećera i saharoze, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, pH soka ploda i indeks slasti). Za ispitivane sorte je karakteristično srednje rano do srednje pozno vreme cvetanja, kao i vreme zrenja u drugoj (Early Bigi, Early Lory, Burlat, Early Star), trećoj (Junska Rana, Merchant, Newstar) i četvrtoj nedelji zrenja trešnje (Sunburst, Vega). Najbolje rezultate u pogledu krupnoće i biohemijskog sastava ploda pokazala je srednje-pozna samooplodna sorta Sunburst. Značajnu pažnju zaslužuje i Early Star, zbog ranijeg vremena sazrevanja i odličnih pomoloških karakteristika u odnosu na vreme zrenja. Označena kao sorta lokalnog značaja uglavnom zbog netšo manje čvrstine ploda, Merchant se odlikuje izuzetnim kvalitetom ploda i povoljnim vremenom sazrevanja, pa bi u manjem obimu mogao biti zastupljen u sortimentu trešnje, na lokalitetima gde daje dobre rezultate. Ispitivanja na različitim lokalitetima mogla bi da daju odgovor da li sorta Early Bigi, ranijeg sazrevanja u odnosu na sortu Burlat, može konkurisati ovoj sorti u pogledu kvaliteta ploda i drugih proizvodnih osobina. Unapređenje strukture sortimenta, uz korišćenje savremenog koncepta gajenja ove vrste, može značajno poboljšati kako ukupno stanje proizvodnje trešnje u Republici Srbiji, tako i voćarsku proizvodnju uopšte.dr Ivana Glišić - glavni i odgovorni urednik časopisa Voćarstvo (Journal of Pomology); dr Tatjana Vujović - tehnički urednik i korektor časopisa Voćarstvo (Journal of Pomology
Identification of ETR1 alleles in some Malus Miller species
No full textWild Malus Miller species offer diversity essential for future breeding programmes that are not available within domestic and foreign apple cultivars. These species may provide novel alleles not just for disease resistance, but also for various desirable traits. Predicting and optimising the quality of stored apples and maximising their shelf life are becoming a major challenge worldwide. Ethylene regulates a broad spectrum of developmental and physiological processes in apple (including fruit ripening) and being perceived through the family of receptors, among which Ethylene Receptor 1 (ETR1) is one of the Subfamily I receptors, encoded by ETR1 gene. This study aimed to identify the ETR1 alleles in nine Malus Miller species from the ex situ collection of the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Republic of Serbia. The ETR1 alleles were revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and additional restriction analysis of amplified PCR product (~5,000 bp) with RsaI, AluI and HinfI enzymes. Upon comparison of the observed polymorphisms, six alleles of ETR1 gene (a, b, c, d, f and g) were identified, among which f and g alleles were revealed in this study for the first time. Further characterisation of the novel alleles will be performed through cloning and sequencing of the corresponding DNA fragments. The polymorphisms observed upon PCR amplification and subsequent digestion with aforementioned restriction enzymes were generated in six allelic constitutions for ETR1 gene ‒ bb (one species), bd (one species), bf (one species), b,a/c (three species), ff (two species) and g,a/c/d/g (one species)
The allelic polymorphism of ETR1 gene in Malus Miller species
No full textDozrevanje klimakteričnog ploda jabuke praćeno je naglim povećanjem brzine respiracije i produkcije etilena. U proces etilenske percepcije i transdukcije signala uključena je familija receptora lokalizovana na membrane endoplazmatičnog retikuluma. Etilen receptor 1 (ETR1) je jedan od etilenskih receptora, kodiran ETR1 genom. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati proučavanja alelnog polimorfizma ETR1 gena kod devet ex situ kolekcionisanih vrsta roda Malus: Malus × atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneid., Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte, Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, Malus × micromalus Makino, Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck, Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. var. microcarpa, Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. var. xanthocarpa, Malus sargentii Rehder i Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder. Determinacija ETR1-genotipa ispitivanih vrsta jabuke sprovedena je restrikcionom analizom PCR-om umnoženog genomskog fragmenta (~5.000 bp) sa RsaI, AluI i HinfI enzimima. Nakon digestije PCR proizvoda ETR1 gena sa RsaI enzimom, kod svih proučavanih vrsta jabuke uočeni su polimorfni regioni sa fragmentima od 800 bp (f1), 890 bp (f2), 1.050 bp (f3), 1.130 bp (f4) i 1.300 bp (f5). Restrikcijom sa AluI enzimom dobijen je polimorfni fragment veličine 850 bp (f1), dok je digestijom sa HinfI enzimom detektovan fragment veličine 1.130 bp (f2). U ispitivanom materijalu identifikovano je šest alela – a, b, c, d, f i g, od kojih su dva (aleli f i g) po prvi put otkrivena u okviru ovih istraživanja; utvrđeno je šest alelnih konstitucija ‒ bb, bd, bf, b,a/c, ff i g,a/c/d/g. Dalja karakterizacija novoidentifikovanih f i g alela biće sprovedena njihovim kloniranjem i sekvenciranjem. Od devet analiziranih vrsta, po jedna ima alelnu konstituciju bb, bd i bf, dok je kod dve vrste utvrđen fenotip ff; kod tri vrste identifikovan je alel b, dok bi drugi na osnovu fenotipa mogao biti alel a ili alel c; kod jedne vrste identifikovan je alel g, dok bi drugi mogao biti jedan od alela a, c, d ili g.The ripening of climacteric apple fruit is associated with an upsurge in the rate of respiration and ethylene production. The family of endoplasmic reticulum-localized receptors is involved in ethylene perception and signal transduction. Ethylene Receptor 1 (ETR1) is one of ethylene receptors, encoded by ETR1 gene. This work was aimed to study the allelic polymorphism of ETR1 gene in nine ex situMalus species: Malus × atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneid., Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte, Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder, Malus × micromalus Makino, Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck, Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. var. microcarpa, Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. var. xanthocarpa, Malus sargentii Rehder and Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder. Determination of ETR1-genotype was based on restriction analysis of PCR amplified genomic fragment (~5,000 bp) with RsaI, AluI and HinfI. Upon digestion of the ETR1 product with RsaI, the polymorphic regions with fragments of 800 bp (f1), 890 bp (f2), 1,050 bp (f3), 1,130 bp (f4) and 1,300 bp (f5) were observed. Restriction with AluI and HinfIrevealed the segregating fragments of 850 bp (f1) and 1,130 bp (f2), respectively. The comparison of the polymorphisms resulted in the identification of six ETR1 alleles – a, b, c, d, f and g, among which two (f and g) were revealed in this study for the first time; six allelic constitutions were generated ‒ bb, bd, bf, b,a/c, ff and g,a/c/d/g. Cloning and sequencing of the DNA fragments corresponding to novel alleles will provide their further characterisation. Of the evaluated species, one species each was scored as bb, bd and bf, while the phenotype ff was identified in two species; the allele b was identified in three species and the second allele might be a or c; the allele g was identified in one species and according to the phenotype the second allele might be a, c, d or g.Članovi Programskog odbora 16. kongresa voćara i vinogradara Srbije: Aleksandar Leposavić, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Sanja Radičević, Tatjana Vujović, Darko Jevremović, Branko Popović, Nebojša Milošević i Slađana Marić.
Članovi Organizacionog odbora 16. kongresa voćara i vinogradara Srbije: Marijana Pešaković i Ivana Glišić
Plant virology in Serbia – accomplishments, directions of development and significance for plant health improvement
No full textРад представља сажет преглед развоја истраживања биљнихвируса у Србији од самог почетка, тридесетих година 20. века, па све до да-нашњих дана. Откриће биљних вируса везује се за 1898. годину када је Мар-тинус Бејеринк (Martinus Beijerinck), проучавајући мозаик дувана, указао нанови свет нећелијских инфективних агенаса (contagium vivum fluidum). Науч-не прилике у Србији су биле такве да су тек 40 година касније започела про-учавања биљних вируса објављивањем рада Младена Јосифовића о мозаику,најштетнијој вирози шљиве. После Другог светског рата, Драгољуб Шутић,Вељко Николић и Митар Јордовић уводе научне експерименталне методе уистраживања вироза, чиме суштински постављају темеље проучавања биљ-них вируса код нас. Бавећи се различитим областима биљне вирусологије упротеклих готово осам деценија, бројни вирусолози у нашој земљи оства-рили су значајна достигнућа, од којих ће најважнија бити истакнута у овомраду. Посебне заслуге за развој биљне вирусологије свакако припадају Дра-гољубу Шутићу, који је кроз целокупно научно стваралаштво и образовањемногих научних и стручних кадрова, дао немерљив допринос унапређењуздравља биља. Развој биљне вирусологије у нашој земљи није зависио само од општег напретка ове науке у свету, већ у великој мери и од услова за раз-вој научних истраживања. И поред релативно скромних услова који владајуна научноистраживачкој сцени, рад биљних вирусолога у протеклом перио-ду подигао је квалитет истраживања трудећи се да достигне и не заостаје заквалитетом развијених земаља. Значајно искуство и знање стечено у деце-нијском раду у области биљне вирусологије били су, и сада су од непроцењи-вог значаја за пољопривредне произвођаче и њихову успешну производњу,за унапређење система и ефикасности карантинске и фитосанитарне службеи овлашћених дијагностичких лабораторија, испуњавање међународних фи-тосанитарних захтева у промету и размени биљног материјала и подизањеугледа Србије. Иако је напредак биљне вирусологије у Србији покрио многефундаменталне и практичне аспекте ове науке, очекује се наставак истражи-вања захваљујући развоју софистицираних техника молекуларне биологијеи информационе технологије. Залог за сигурну будућност вирусологије у на-шој земљи је свакако и образовање и оспособљавање младих истраживача.This is a concise review of the progress of plant virus research in Serbiafrom its very beginning in the 1930s until the present day. The discovery of plantviruses dates back to 1898 when Martinus Beijerinck, investigating the tobaccomosaic disease, pointed to a new world of non-cellular infectious agents (contagiumvivum fluidum). Research circumstances in Serbia were such at the time thatstudies of plant viruses really began only some 40 years later with Mladen Josifović’sreports on mosaic, the most devastating viral disease of plum. After WWII, experimental methods for virus research were introduced by Dragoljub Šutić,VeljkoNikolić and Mitar Jordović, laying a foundation for studies of plant virusesin our country. Over the past nearly eight decades, numerous Serbian virologistshave made significant contributions to various fields of plant virology, and themost important among them are highlighted in this paper. Dragoljub Šutić wasundoubtedly a plant virologist of extraordinary merits in our country. His entirescientific career and education of many scientists and professionals have madean outstanding contribution to the advancement of plant health protection. Theprogress made in plant virology in our country did not depend only on globalprogress in that science around the world, but also significantly on conditionsexisting for scientific research in Serbia. Scientists have raised the quality of plantvirus research over the past period, trying to keep the pace with achievements indeveloped countries, despite relatively limited resources that are available on theSerbian scientific research scene. Significant knowledge and experience gainedover decades of work in the field of plant virology have been invaluable to farmershelping them improve their production, enhancing the system and efficiencyof plant quarantine and phytosanitary services, as well as authorized diagnosticlaboratories, in order to meet phytosanitary requirements in international tradeand exchange of planting material, and so to build up Serbia’s reputation as a partner.Although plant virology in Serbia has advanced in many fundamental andpractical aspects of this science, future research is expected to rely on sophisticatedtechniques of molecular biology and information technology. The forcethat drives forward plant virology in our country is certainly the education andtraining of generations of new researchers.Научни скупови / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 205. Одељење хемијских и биолошких наука ; књ. 2