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Response of five apple cultivars (Malus × domestica Borkh.) treated with calcium–chloride to different storage durations
No full textЦиљ овог истраживања био је да се оцени ефекат фолијарне примене калцијум– хлорида на квалитет плода пет сорти јабуке (‘Gloster’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Morren’s Jonagored®’ и ‘Red Chief’) у време бербе и током складиштења (2, 4, 6 и 8 месеци) у хладњачи са нормалном атмосфером. Испитивања су обухватила масу плода, чврстину, садржај растворљивe сувe материјe (TSS), укупних киселина (TA), укупних шећера (TS) и однос TS/TA. Значајно већа маса плода у моменту бербе, евидентирана је код сорте ‘Morren’s Jonagored®’ (209,16 g), док је ова сорта имала низак TSS (10,63%) и најмању чврстину плода (8,56 kg/cm2 ) у поређењу са осталим испитиваним сортама. Међу тестираним сортама TSS је био највећи код ʻGolden Delicious Reinders®’ (12,01%) и ‘Granny Smith’ (12,38%), која је поред сорте ‘Red Chief’ (11,53 kg/cm2 ), имала највећу чврстину плодa (10,94 kg/cm2 ). Поред високог садржаја TSS, сорта ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ је имала и значајно већи садржај TS и TS/TA у односу на друге испитиване сорте. Добијени резултати указују на већу масу, чврстину плода и садржај TSS код јабука третираних калцијум–хлоридом у односу контролу, али су се вредности наведених параметара смањивале током складиштења, осим садржаја TSS који је био сличан у свим терминима складиштења. Штавише, током складиштења примећен је већи ниво TA (0,34%) и TS (10,23%) код плодова третираних ђубривом на бази калцијум– хлорида. Међутим, садржај TA и TS током складиштења се смањивао, а највећи однос TS/TA забележен је у последњим терминима складиштења (после 6 и 8 месеци складиштења). Генерално, квалитет плодова јабуке третираних калцијум– хлоридом је по скоро свим параметрима био бољи од нетретираних. У циљу побољшања квалитета плодова јабуке током складиштења може се препоручити употреба ђубрива на бази калцијум–хлорида.The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of foliar calcium chloride spraying on postharvest quality of fruits of five apple cultivars (‘Gloster’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Morren’sJonagored®’ and ‘Red Chief’) at harvest and during storage (2, 4, 6 and 8 months) in cold storage with normal atmosphere. Measurements of fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), total sugars (TS) and TS/TA ratio were performed. Significantly higher fruit weight was found in cultivar ‘Morren’sJonagored®’ (209.16 g) at harvest time, while this cultivar had low TSS (10.63%) and the lowest firmness (8.56 kg/cm2 ) compared to the other tested cultivars. Among tested cultivars TSS was the highest in ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ (12.01%) and ‘Granny Smith’ (12.38%) which beside cultivar ‘Red Chief’ (11.53 kg/cm2 ), had the most firm fruit (10.94 kg/cm2 ). In addition to the high content of TSS, the cultivar ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ had a significantly higher content of TS and TS/TA ratio related to other examined cultivars. Results showed that fruit weight, firmness, and TSS content increased in fruit treated with calcium chloride as compared to control fruit. However, these parameters decreased by prolonging the storage time, except TSS content which was similar in all storage times. Moreover, during storage, the higher level of TA (0.34%) and TS (10.23%) was observed in fruit sprayed with calcium fertilizer. However, the content of TA and TS was decreasing during storage, and the highest TS/TA ratio was recorded in the last storage time (after 6 and 8 months of storage). Generally, the quality of apple fruit treated with calcium-chloride was better than those untreated in almost all parameters. In order to improve the quality of apple fruit during storage, the use of calcium chloride-based fertilizers may be recommended
The effective pollination period in autochthonous plum cultivar ‘Crvena Ranka’
No full textPodručje Balkanskog poluostrva se odlikuje prisustvom velikog broja autohtonih sorti šljive, različitih lokalnih naziva i najčešće nepoznatog porekla. U zasadima šljive u Srbiji je zastupljen određen broj autohtonih sorti šljive čiji se plodovi prvenstveno koriste za proizvodnju rakije. Jedna od njih je i ‘Crvena ranka’ koja predstavlja najznačajniju i najviše zastupljenu autohtonu sortu šljive. Karakteriše je samobesplodnost, odnosno pojava citoplazmatične muške sterilnosti, pa je stoga u zasadima ove šljive neophodno prisustvo adekvatnog oprašivača. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje efektivnog polinacionog perioda (EPP) kod ove sorte, kroz ispitivanje broja inicijano i finalno zametnutih plodova. Tokom proleća 2021. godine, od momenta punog cvetanja pa do desetog dana nakon toga, svaki dan je izvršeno oprašivanje oko 200 cvetova, emaskuliranih u fazi poznog balona. Za oprašivanje je korišćena smeša suvog polena sorti šljive ‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Čačanska rodna’ kao i autohtone sorte ‘Dragačica’. Nakon dve do tri nedelje od oprašivanja utvrđen je broj inicijalno zametnutih plodova, a finalno u periodu fiziološke zrelosti ploda. Najveći broj zametnutih plodova dobijen je oprašivanjem cvetova u prvih šest dana od početka punog cvetanja, odnosno od trećeg do šestog dana. Nakon šestog dana dolazi do pada broja zametnutih plodova, da bi kod cvetova oprašenih desetog dana od momenta punog cvetanja vrednosti broja inicijalno i finalno zametnutih plodova bile 17% i 11%. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata EPP kod ove sorte je trajao sedam dana.The area of the Balkan Peninsula is characterized by the presence of a large number of autochthonous plum cultivars with different local names and most often of unknown origin. A number of autochthonous plum cultivars whose fruits are primarily used for the brandy production are represented in plum orchards in Serbia. One of them is ‘Crvena Ranka’, which is the most important and most represented autochthonous plum variety. It’s a self-sterile cultivar (characterized by the appearance of cytoplasmic male sterility), so the presence of an adequate pollenizer is needed. This study aimed to examine the effective pollination period of this cultivar, based on the initial and final fruit set. During spring 2021, from the moment of full flowering until the tenth day after that, about 200 flowers (emasculated in the late "balloon" phase) were pollinated every day. A mixture of dried pollen from the plum cultivars ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’ as well as the autochtonous cultivar ‘Dragačica’ was used for pollination. Three to four weeks after pollination, the initial fruit set was determined while the final fruit set was determined at the period of physiological maturity of the fruit. The highest percentage of fruit set was obtained by pollination of flowers during the first six days from the beginning of full flowering, ie from the third to the sixth day. In the flowers pollinated after the sixth day from the full flowering, a decrease in the fruit sets was observed, with the lowest value on the tenth day from the date of full flowering amounted of 17% for initial and 11% final fruit set. Based on the obtained results the EPP in this cultivar lasted seven days
Response of pear trees to different fertilization treatment
No full textDuring 2015 and 2016 we investigated the influence of different organic (cattle manure, Humus Vita Stallatico (HVS)), organo-mineral (Multi Comp Base (MCB)) and mineral fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), compound (NPK) and natural zeolite (Agrozel) as a soil conditioner on the yield and fruit physico-chemical properties of pear cv. 'Williams' grafted on quince BA.29 rootstock. Results showed that fertilizers, years and their interaction significantly changed the evaluated properties. Yield per tree and hectare was the highest with compound NPK application and the lowest in the control variant. Fruit weight (FW) was higher when NPK was used in comparison with the Agrozel application and the control variant. Manure, CAN, NPK and HVS induced similar and higher fruit length (L) than control, whereas NPK induced higher fruit diameter (D) than manure, Agrozel, CAN applications and control with no significant differences between them. Agrozel and NPK induced similar and higher fruit shape index (sphericity) values in comparison with manure and CAN application. Soil application of NPK induced higher surface area than Agrozel and control. Fertilizers did not affect flesh firmness (FF). Soil application of manure, MCB, NPK and HVS increased soluble solids content (SSC) in comparison with other treatments, whereas the highest acidity was observed in the control variant. Agrozel induced the highest pH juice, invert sugars (IS) and sweetness index (SI). The best ripening index (RI) was found with NPK fertilization. Total sugars (TS) and sucrose (SC) contents were the highest in the MCB variant. Generally, fruit physical and chemical properties were better in the first year of the investigations. However, the significant interaction fertilizer x year indicates that some fertilizers did not show a consistent effect in certain years
Nutritional value of wild berry species from mountain Kopaonik (Serbia)
No full textA large number of wild relatives of cultivated fruits in Serbia indicates a significant biological and primarily genetic diversity of wild berry species. Wild berry species are rich in phenols that are usually associated with health benefits due to their antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the content of total anthocyanins and total phenols of wild berry species fruit extracts originating from an area of mountain Kopaonik (south Serbia): strawberry (Fragaria vesca L. and Fragaria viridis L.), raspberry (Rubus ideaeus L. and Rubus sahatilis L.), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L.), red currant (Ribes petraeum L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) as well as their antioxidant capacity. Blueberry and blackberry were characterized by the highest presence of anthocyanins (3.71 and 1.33 g C3G kg-1 FW). The blueberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was also the richest in the content of total phenols (4.94 g GAE kg-1 FW) followed by an extract of strawberry (Fragaria viridis L.) and blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L.). The antioxidant effects of the sample extracts were evaluated through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antiradical assay which is shown that raspberry species Rubus sahatilis L. had significantly higher antioxidative activity (244.87 mM TE mL-1) compared to other examined wild berry species. However, despite the very high content of anthocyanins and phenols, the antioxidant capacity of blueberry extract was the lowest (211.78 mM TE mL-1 ). Inconclusion, the present research increased the knowledge about the nutritive properties of Serbian wild berry species in order to support their conservation and use in the breeding programs of small fruits for choosing berry fruits with a high content of health-promoting properties
Managing grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) on strawberry grown under ecosafe protective system
No full textGrey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) is one of the most important strawberry diseases, which in conventional farming is successfully controlled by chemical fungicides during flowering. Yet, in organic farming, due to the unavailability of appropriate non-fungicidal methods, its control is one of the biggest problems that can often cause a significant reduction in production and profitability. Thus, the study is aimed to investigate the possibility of using some biological alternatives (soil microorganisms) for controlling grey mould disease in strawberry plantings. For that purpose, in Fruit Research Institute Čačak (Republic of Serbia) a new formula of biopreparation (VCMo) consisting of microbes from Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter genera has been developed. The VCMo was applied at the beginning, full and the end of flowering stage. In three harvest times (beginning, middle and the end), its efficiency has been investigated by controlling B. cinerea of the fruits of organically cultivated ʻAlbaʼ strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Besides, yield, physical fruit properties and soluble solids have been monitored also. Strawberry fruits obtained from plants exposed to VCMo application showed a lower incidence of grey mould (38.29%). In addition, degree of infection has been decreased from the beginning till the end of harvest (55.08, 49.97 and 39.13%, respectively). Higher yield of usable fruits was observed under VCMo application, especially in the middle harvest time (148.31 g/plant). The fruit weight and dimensions, as expected, varied under the influence of the harvest date. The application of VCMo showed a positive effect on the fruit weight in the middle and at the end of the harvest (28.61, 20.81 g), which can also be said for soluble solids (5.88 and 6.58 oBrix). Contrary, the fruit firmness was the highest at the beginning of the harvest (1.47 kg cm2)
Качество на сливовата ракия в зависимост от специфичните условия на ферментация и съхранение на сливовата каша
No full textThe quality of plum brandy depends on all technological operations used in the plum processing into brandy. The most common way of plum brandy production in small, rural, artisan distilleries in Serbia involves fermentation of whole uncrushed fruits and double distillation in alembic, resulting plum brandy with traditional sensory characteristics (heavy-flavoured plum brandy). This traditional type of plum brandy may be unacceptable to modern consumers who are accustomed to the lightflavoured ones. The problem is intensified if new plum varieties (Čačanska rodna and Stanley) are used as a raw material for the production of brandy in the same way as an old cultivar Požegača. Regardless of that, due to insufficient technological skills and lack of modern equipment, small distilleries rarely change certain steps of the old production process. The paper shows how minor changes in the process of plum brandy production, which are easy to implement in small distilleries, can affect the production of higher quality plum brandies. The influence of fermentation of plum fruits that are processed in different ways (whole fruits without crushing, whole crushed fruits, crushed fruits without stones) and storage length of fermented mashes from crushed plums with stones (distillation of the mash immediately after fermentation and 15 days after completed fermentation) on the quality of plum brandy are presented. Among the analyzed parameters of plum brandy quality, differences in fermentation and storage conditions of mashes significantly influenced the contents of methanol, esters, total acids and benzaldehyde in plum brandy, as well as their sensory quality.Качеството на сливовата ракия зависи от всички технологични операции, използвани при преработката на плода в ракия. Найразпространеният начин за производство на сливова ракия в малки, селски, занаятчийски дестилерии в Сърбия включва ферментация на цели несмлени плодове и двойна дестилация в алембик, в резултат на което се получава сливова ракия с традиционни сензорни характеристики (сливова ракия с тежък вкус). Този традиционен вид сливова ракия може да е неприемлив за съвременните потребители, които са свикнали на такива с лек аромат. Проблемът се задълбочава, ако новите сортове сливи (Чачанска родна и Стенлей) се използват като суровина за производството на ракия по същия начин като стария сорт Пожегача. Независимо от това, поради недостатъчни технологични умения и липса на модерно оборудване, малките дестилерии рядко променят някои стъпки от стария производствен процес. Статията показва как незначителни промени в процеса на производство на сливова ракия, които са лесни за изпълнение в малки дестилерии, могат да повлияят на производството на по-качествени сливови ракии. Представени са влиянието на ферментацията на сливовите плодове, които се обработват по различни начини (цели плодове без смачкване, цели смачкани плодове, смачкани плодове без костилки) и продължителността на съхранение на ферментирали каши от натрошени сливи с костилки (дестилация на кашата непосредствено след ферментацията и 15 дни след ферментацията) за качеството на сливовата ракия. Сред анализираните показатели на качеството на сливовата ракия различията в условията на ферментация и съхранение на кашата оказват съществено влияние върху съдържанието на метанол, естери, общи киселини и бензалдехид в сливовата ракия, както и сензорното им качество
Influence of pretreatment on plum drying rate
No full textPlum drying is a slow and time-consuming process because whole fruits are being dried. As drying period is limited, since conditioned by technological properties of plum suitable for this type of processing, in order to increase production, drying period should be reduced which is achieved by different pretreatments such as dipping. Another possibility of production increase is to extend drying season using frozen fruit, considering its availability throughout the whole year. Consequently, freezing can be considered as a pretreatment in prune production. In this study, plum cultivars of the Fruit Research Institute recommended for drying (‘Čačanska Rodna’ and ‘Nada’) and cultivar ‘Stanley’, most commonly used for drying, have been tested. Drying was done at an experimental convective drier at the air temperature of 90 °C and the air streaming rate of 4 m/s until 75% of total dry matter was reached. The aim of the work was to examine the drying rate of frozen plum fruits compared to dipped ones (conventional pretreatment) and non-treated fruits (control). Drying rate differed depending on varietal characteristics and pretreatments applied. The highest drying rate was in frozen fruits of cultivars ‘Čačanska Rodna’. In cultivars ‘Nada’ and ‘Stanley’, pretreatments had insignificant effect on drying rate
Effect of growing method on yield and quality of fruits of highbush blueberry
No full textPoslednjih godina povećava se interes proizvođača jagodastog voća iz Srbije za podizanje zasada visokožbunaste borovnice. Prvi uspešni koraci u tom cilju su napravljeni u opštini Arilje kada je na prostoru ove opštine posađeno 10 hektara ove voćne vrste. Najzastupljeniji način proizvodnje borovnice kod nas u prethodnim godinama bio je gajenje u zemljištu ili prethodno pripremljenom suspstratu, na bankovima, sa ili bez zastiranja folijom ili agrotekstilom. Poslednjih godina sve više je zastupljen i saksijski način gajenja ovog voća. Saksijski način gajenja najviše je zastupljen u slučajevima kada vlasnik ili investitor ne poseduje dovoljne zemljišne površine ili je ono suviše nepovoljnog mehaničkog sastava.
U radu su prikazani dvogodišnji rezultati (2020. i 2021. godina) ispitivanja prinosa i važnijih pokazatelja kvaliteta ploda sorte Duke iste starosti, gajene na bankovima i u saksijama na lokalitetima sela Ljutovnica kod Gornjeg Milanovca, Nikšić kod Kragujevca, Slatine kod Čačka i u okolini Belanovice.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je borovnica gajena u saksijama imala veću početnu rodnost u odnosu na onu gajenu na bankovima. Već od treće godine kod borovnica gajenih na bankovima zabeležen je veći prinos po žbunu (2626,53 g prema 2029,62 g) i krupniji plodovi (1,81 g prema 1,69 g), kao i veći sadržaj osnovnih pokazatelja hemijskog sastava i bolje organoleptičke karakteristike plodova. Razlike u prinosu i kvalitetu plodova u korist borovnice gajene na bankovima bile su posebno izražene u godini sa visokim temperaturama tokom perioda berbe.In recent years, there has been an increasing interest of Serbian berry fruit growers in establishing high-bush blueberry plantation. The first successful steps to that aim have been made in the Municipality Arilje when 10 hectares of this fruit species were planted. The most common production method of blueberry production in previous years in Serbia was growing blueberry in soils or formerly prepared substrate, in raised beds with or without foil or agrotextile covering. In past years, growing of this fruit species in containers has ever been present. Container growing method is most common in cases where owner or investor owns insufficient land or it is of too unfavourable mechanical composition.
The paper present the two-year results (2020-2021) of examining yields and more significant quality indicators of the fruit of cv Duke of the same age, grown in raised beds or containers in the villages of Ljutovnica near Gornji Milanovac, Nikšić near Kragujevac and Slatina in the vicinity of Belanovica.
The research results show that blueberry grown in containers had higher initial yield compared to those grown in raised beds. From the third year, in blueberries grown in raised beds, a higher yield per bush (2626,53 g compared to 2029,62 g) and larger fruits (1,81 g compared to 1,69 g) were noted as well as higher content of the basic indicators of chemical composition and better organoleptic fruit characteristics. Differences in yield and quality of fruits in favour of the blueberry grown in raised beds were especially pronounced in the year of high temperatures during the harvest period
Preliminarni rezultati in situ karakterizacije autohtonih genotipova jabuke na području centralne i jugozapadne Srbije
No full textThe paper presents the main biological properties of 17 in situ old local apple cultivars and landraces grown in the regions of central and southwestern Serbia: ‘Ilinjača’ (Jezdina), ‘Kraljica’, ‘Vidovača’, ‘Ilinjača’ (Trnava), ‘J-GM/1’, ‘Prancija’, ‘Strekinja’, ‘Lepocvetka’, ‘J-LuN/1’, ‘Prancija Slatka’, ‘Džumurka’, ‘Slatka Kadumana’, ‘Lubenjaja’, ‘J-ČaO/1’, ‘Senabija’, ‘Budimka’ and ‘Kolačara’. The following characteristics of these genotypes were assessed: flowering phenophase, harvest date, pomological properties (physical and chemical, including bioactive compounds) and disease susceptibility to scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.] and fireblight [Erwinia amylovora (Burnill)]. The average flowering time was during the third decade of April, whilst the predominant harvest date was from mid-September to mid-October. The highest fruit weight was determined in ‘Ilinjača’ (Trnava), while the lowest was in ‘Vidovača’ (262.99 g and 29.23 g, resp.). The best fruit quality among the assessed genotypes, measured by the fruit chemical composition, was found in ‘Senabija’ (soluble solids content ‒ 17.05%; total and invert sugars content ‒ 12.70% and 9.66%, resp.). The cultivar ‘Strekinja’ and landrace ‘J-ČaO/1’ were characterised by the highest content of total phenols and anthocyanins, respectively. In terms of fruit attractiveness, ‘Lepocvetka’, ‘J-ČaO/1’, ‘Senabija’ and ‘Budimka’ could be singled out. All of the studied genotypes showed resistance to fireblight and a relatively narrow range of susceptibility to scab under field conditions. Overall, Serbian autochthonous apple genotypes appear to carry useful characteristics that could be important for current/future breeding work and commercial growing suitable for fresh consumption, industrial and domestic processing.Intenziviranjem procesa urbanizacije, odnosno prevashodno poljoprivredne proizvodnje kao njene funkcionalne komponente u skladu sa zahtevima globalnog svetskog tržišta, dolazi do neminovnog zapostavljanja autohtonog materijala, što za posledicu može imati drastičan ili nepovratan gubitak ovog dela dragocenog genofonda voćaka. Institut za voćarstvo, Čačak ima dugu tradiciju kolekcionisanja, proučavanja i usmerenog korišćenja divergentnosti autohtonog genofonda za oplemenjivačke programe, kao i programe direktnog uvođenja u proizvodnju. U cilju održavanja kontinuiteta proučavanja autohtonog materijala, u radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja najznačajnijih bioloških osobina 17 in situ genotipova jabuke gajenih na različitim lokalitetima teritorijalnih jedinica centralne i jugozapadne Srbije: Ilinjača (Jezdina), Kraljica, Vidovača, Ilinjača (Trnava), J-GM/1, Prancija, Strekinja, Lepocvetka, J-LuN/1, Prancija slatka, Džumurka, Slatka kadumana, Lubenjaja, J-ČaO/1, Senabija, Budimka i Kolačara. Primenom međunarodno priznatog deskriptora (Apple Descriptors, IBPGR) i tehničkog uputstva za jabuku (TG/14/9, UPOV), kao i korišćenjem standardnih laboratorijskih metoda ispitane su sledeće biološke osobine: fenofaza cvetanja, vreme berbe, pomološke osobine (fizičke i hemijske, uključujući i sadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja) i otpornost na prouzrokovače čađave pegavosti lista i krastavosti plodova [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.], kao i bakteriozne plamenjače [Erwinia amylovora (Burnill)] u poljskim uslovima. Prosečno vreme cvetanja ispitivanih genotipova bilo je tokom treće dekade aprila, dok su plodovi sazrevali od 07. jula [Ilinjača (Jezdina)] do 18. oktobra (Kolačara). Najsitnijim plodom odlikovao se genotip Vidovača (masa ‒ 29,23 g, visina ‒ 43,81 mm i širina ‒ 41,04 mm), dok je najveću masu (262,99 g) i širinu ploda (87,39 mm) imao genotip Ilinjača (Trnava), a najveću visinu ploda genotip Lubenjaja (71,63 mm). U pogledu hemijskog sastava ploda, najviši sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM), ukupnih i invertnih šećera (17,05%, 12,70% i 9,66%, po redosledu) utvrđen je kod genotipa Senabija, dok je najviši sadržaj saharoze određen kod genotipa Budimka (3,66%). Najnižim sadržajem RSM odlikovali su se plodovi genotipa J-ČaO/1 (9,90%), dok su se plodovi genotipa Ilinjača (Jezdina) karakterisali najnižim sadržajem ukupnih šećera (5,28%) i saharoze (0,63%), uz istovremeno najviši sadržaj kiselina (1,52%) i najnižu pH vrednost soka ploda (2,94). Sadržaj ukupnih fenola u plodovima ispitivanih genotipova kretao se u intervalu od 117 do 337,50 mg galne kiseline na 100 g sveže mase ploda (Prancija i Strekinja, po redosledu). Plodovi genotipa Vidovača su se odlikovali najvišom antioksidativnom aktivnošću (89,84%), dok je najniža vrednost ovog parametra utvrđena u plodovima genotipa Džumurka (48,68%). Sadržaj ukupnih antocijana varirao je od 0,21 do 11,27 mg cijanidin-3-glukozida na 100 g sveže mase ploda (Prancija slatka i genotip crvenog mesa ploda J-ČaO/1, po redosledu). U pogledu atraktivnosti ploda, izdvajaju se genotipovi Lepocvetka, J-ČaO/1, Senabija i Budimka. Simptomi karakteristični za prouzrokovača bakteriozne plamenjače nisu uočeni u periodu proučavanja kod ispitivanih genotipova, dok su najviši stepen otpornosti na Venturia inaequalis u poljskim uslovima ispoljili genotipovi Kraljica, Strekinja, Džumurka, J-ČaO/1 i Senabija. U celini posmatrano, autohtoni genotipovi jabuke na prostoru Republike Srbije koji se odlikuju poželjnim biološkim osobinama obogatiće kolekciju početnog materijala za buduće oplemenjivačke programe, kao i za programe uvođenja u proizvodnju genotipova izvanrednih osobina namenjenih kako za svežu potrošnju, tako i za industrijsku i domaću preradu.dr Ivana Glišić - glavni i odgovorni urednik časopisa Voćarstvo (Journal of Pomology)
dr Tatjana Vujović - tehnički urednik i korektor časopisa Voćarstvo (Journal of Pomology
The influence of organic, organo-mineral and mineral fertilizers on tree growth, yielding, fruit quality and leaf nutrient composition of apple cv. 'Golden Delicious Reinders'
No full textThis work was carried out to obtain data about the vegetative growth, productivity, fruit external and internal quality and leaf nutrient composition of apple cv. 'Golden Delicious Reinders' from different fertilization regimes, with reference to their role in tree and fruit growth and development, especially for their specific recommendations. Organic, organo-mineral and mineral fertilizers were applied to soil during three consecutive years. Results showed that organo-mineral fertilizer called Italpolina (ITP) and N fertilizer called calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) increased TPC, antioxidant activity, acidity, FW and D. Compound NPK induced the best values of SSC, TS and IS contents and TFC. Urea as a physiologically acidic N fertilizer mostly affected TS/TA and SSC/TA ratios. Interestingly, manure conditioned the best values of yield per tree and unit area and YE, while the greatest tree vigor was found in the control treatment (without fertilization). In paradox, the lowest tree growth was observed by CAN and compound NPK, i.e. fertilizers with high N contents. Compound NPK, organomineral ITP fertilizer and manure induced ideal balanced leaf nutritional values, followed by CAN and urea. Besides, it is highly important that experts and growers are encouraging the application and use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers to increase soil fertility and its quality. Thus, the applied fertilizers behaved differently in terms of the impact on the tested properties. One improved agronomic properties, while the other improved pomological traits, nutritional value of fruits and the amount of elements in the leaf. However, cattle manure, organo-mineral Italpolina and compound NPK fertilizer could be recommended generally for fertilizing the 'Golden Delicious Reinders' apple on M.9 T337 in similar soil and climatic conditions. PCA can be a useful tool for segregation fertilizers that have the best influence on tree growth, productivity and apple fruit quality