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In vitro performanse svežeg i čuvanog polena šljive (Prunus domestica L.)
No full textIn this study performance in vitro of fresh and pollen stored for three months at different constant temperatures were investigated in three plum cultivars (ʻValerijaʼ, ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ, ʻValjevkaʼ). Pollen were collected from the flowers in late balloon phase and after drying stored for three months at four different constant temperatures (+4 °C, ‒20 °C, ‒80 °C, ‒196 °C). Pollen tube length was examined as well as the nuclear presence in pollen tube and its migration. In vitro pollen tube length was tested after a 24-hour germination period after which the pollen tube was stained with Hoechst 33258 to observe the nuclear presence within it. The longest average pollen tube length in all tested cultivars were observed with fresh pollen. With the pollen stored at low temperatures the longer pollen tube was obtain compared to pollen stored at +4 °C. In all cultivars mature pollen grains were in binucleate stage contained vegetative nucleus (VN) and generative nucleus (GN). Although at each storage temperature a higher percentage of GN was achieved in pollen tubes compared to fresh ones, nevertheless, regular movement of nuclei, primarily VN than GN or sperm nucleus (SN), was found in the highest percentage in all tested cultivars.U ovom radu su ispitane performanse in vitro svežeg i polena čuvanog na različitim konstantnim temperaturana tokom tri meseca kod tri sorte šljive (ʻValerijaʼ, ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ, ʻValjevkaʼ). Polen je sakupljan iz cvetova koji su bili u kasnoj balon fazi i nakon sušenja čuvan na četiri konstantne temperature (+4 °C, ‒20 °C, ‒80 °C, ‒196 °C). Ispitana je dužina polenovih cevčica, prisustvo i migracija jedara u njima. Dužina polenovih cevčica je određivana nakon inkubacionog perioda od 24h a zatim bojenje sa Hoechst 33258 da bi se uočilo prisustvo jedara u njima. Prosečno najduže polenove cevčice kod svih ispitivanih sorti utvrđene su kod svežeg polena. Kod polena čuvanog na niskim temperaturama prosečna dužina polenovih cevčica je bila veća nego kod polena čuvanog na +4 °C. Polen svih sorti u zrelom stanju je dvojedaran, sadrži vegetativno i generativno jedro. Iako je kod svih sorti nakon perioda čuvanja polena, uočen veći procenat prisustva genetativnog jedra u polenovim cevčicama, raspored jedara je bio regularan, prvo vegetativno, potom generativno ili spermatično jedro
Diverzitet S-genotipa autohtonog materijala trešnje gajene na prostoru centralne Srbije
No full textIdentification of the S-genotypes in landraces is a crucial step in the molecular characterization of Serbian autochthonous sweet cherry germplasm. It is also of enormous significance for breeders and growers, as this fruit species exhibits a gametophytic self-incompatibility, controlled by the multi-allelic two genes of the S-locus. The aim of this study was to summarize known information and reveal new data on the S-alleles in 23 sweet cherry landraces originating in the Republic of Serbia. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with consensus primers for the second intron of S-RNase, primers specific for S-RNase and certain SFB alleles, along with DNA fragment analysis using fluorescently labelled forward primers to amplify both the S-RNase first intron and the SFB intron, revealed 10 alleles (S1 to S6, S9, S12, S13 and S22) that generated the following 13 S-genotypes: S1S2 (one landrace), S1S4 (one landrace), S1S5 (one landrace), S2S3 (four landraces), S3S4 (two landraces), S3S5 (two landraces), S3S6 (three landraces), S3S9 (two landraces), S3S12 (two landraces), S4S5 (one landrace), S4S13 (one landrace), S5S22 (one landrace) and S6S9 (two landraces). The most frequent S-allele and S-genotype in this sweet cherry material were S3 and S2S3, with occurrence frequencies of 32.6% and 17.4%, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the sweet cherry landraces were assigned to 12 incompatibility groups and one group of universal donors (ʻ0ʼ). These results provide important information about their cross-compatibility and the diversity of the S-locus in Serbian sweet cherry germplasm.Trešnja (Prunus avium L.) je samobesplodna vrsta voćaka, čija je auto-inkompatibilnost gametofitnog tipa, regulisana ekspresijom dva gena S-lokusa odgovornih za sintezu proteina S-RNaze i SFB, odnosno ženske i muške komponente specifičnosti prepoznavanja sopstvenog i nesopstvenog polena. Stoga je ekspresija gena S-lokusa od esencijalnog značaja za regulisanje genetičke kompatibilnosti sorti trešnje, koje su međusobno inkompatibilne ukoliko su istog S-haplotipa. Za trešnju je karakteristično da postoji određeni broj samooplodnih sorti koje mogu zametati plodove pri oprašivanju sopstvenim polenom i istovremeno, zahvaljujući mutaciji u SFB genu, predstavljaju univerzalne oprašivače za ostale sorte. Nа оsnоvu S-gеnоtipа, sоrtе trеšnjе su klasifikovane u do sada poznate 63 grupe inkompatibilnosti (оznаčеnе оd I dо LXIII), kao i grupu sаmооplоdnih sоrti i grupu „0”, kојој pripаdајu sоrtе rеtkоg S-gеnоtipа kојi im оmоgućаvа dа budu pоtеnciјаlnо dоbri оprаšivаči sоrtаmа drugih grupа. Identifikacija S-genotipova kod autohtonih genotipova trešnje je ključan korak u molekularnoj karakterizaciji materijala kolekcionisanog na prostoru Republike Srbije, i od ogromnog je značaja kako za oplemenjivače, tako i za proizvođače zainteresovane za proizvodnju kvalitetnih genotipova adaptiranih na određene agro-ekološke uslove. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da sažme poznate informacije i otkrije nove podatke o S-alelima kod 23 autohtona, odnosno gеnоtipa trešnje nеpоznаtоg pоrеklа gajenih na različitim lokalitetima centralne Srbije. Genomska DNK ispitivanih genotipova trešnje je izolovana iz uzoraka mladog lista, primenom modifikovane CTAB mini prep metode. Upotreba lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) sa konsenzus prajmerima za drugi intron S-RNaze, prajmerima specifičnim za S-RNazu i određene alele SFB gena, zajedno sa DNK fragment analizom sa fluorescentno obeleženim prajmerima za amplifikaciju prvog introna S-RNaze i SFB introna, otkrila je 10 alela (S1 do S6, S9, S12, S13 i S22) koji su generisali 13 S-genotipova: S1S2 (jedan genotip), S1S4 (jedan genotip), S1S5 (jedan genotip), S2S3 (četiri genotipa), S3S4 (dva genotipa), S3S5 (dva genotipa), S3S6 (tri genotipa), S3S9 (dva genotipa), S3S12 (dva genotipa), S4S5 (jedan genotip), S4S13 (jedan genotip), S5S22 (jedan genotip) i S6S9 (dva genotipa). U ispitivanom autohtonom materijalu ustanovljeno je da je S3 najzastupljeniji alel, sa frekvencijom od 32,6%, dok je S2S3 najčešći S-genotip, sa učestalošću od 17,4%. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, autohtoni genotipovi trešnje su svrstani u 12 grupa inkompatibilnosti i grupu univerzalnih donora („0”). Rezultati ovog rada pružaju važne informacije o njihovoj međusobnoj kompatibilnosti i diverzitetu S-lokusa kod genotipova trešnje decenijama gajenih na prostoru naše zemlje
Viruses and viroids infecting peaches in Serbia
No full textPeach and nectarine trees were surveyed from 2005 to 2021 to investigate the presence of virus and viroid diseases in Serbia. Samples were collected from commercial orchards in the main peach-growing areas and from nurseries and mother blocks. A total of 482 samples were tested on the presence of 12 viruses (Plum pox virus, Prune dwarf virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus, Apple mosaic virus, Cherry leaf roll virus, Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus, Little cherry virus-1, Little cherry virus-2, Tomato black ring virus and Tomato ringspot virus) and Peach latent mosaic viroid. DAS-ELISA and molecular RT-PCR test were used for the detection with virus/viroid-specific primers. Analysis confirmed the presence of Plum pox virus in 16.2% of tested samples from commercial orchards. Further molecular characterization revealed the presence of PPV-M and PPV-D strains in positive samples. The incidence of Peach latent mosaic viroid infection was 5,9%. No other viruses were detected among the collected samples. This study confirmed very low infection rate of viruses and viroids in tested peach samples
Diversity among native Serbian cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) accessions: An ideal plant for sustainable cultivation, source of antioxidants and functional food
No full textFrom 2018-2020, we evaluated main fruit phisico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of 27 natural cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) accessions selected at western Serbia. The results indicated significant differences in FW, SW, D-g, L/D ratio, phi, FRa, SA and FV and contents of primary metabolites, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity among accessions. In general, the best fruit physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity had "AFTM 1 ', "AFTM 7 ', "AFTM 8 ', "AFTM 10 ', "AFTM 18 ' and "AFTM 19 ' although there were similarities between certain accessions in the values of the evaluated traits. The "AFTM 1 ' characterized with the highest FW, FRa, both fruit dimensions, D-g, SA, FV, TAc and TPC and with the lowest SSC. The highest SSC had "AFTM 14 '. The lowest values of all fruit physical traits were registered in "AFTM 6 '. This accession had good TPC. The "AFTM 18 ' had the best antioxidant capacity, whereas "AFTM 19 ' had the highest TFC. The worst vitamin C content, TAc and TPC had "AFTM 21 ' and "AFTM 24 ', respectively, whereas the lowest TFC and TAC were registered in "AFTM 11 '. The highest RI was found in "AFTM 8 ' and "AFTM 10 '. The most acidic fruits had "AFTM 11 ' and "AFTM 27 '. The "AFTM 27 ' had the lowest RI, whereas "AFTM 24 ' had the worst TPC and TFC. The fruit physical characteristics correlated significantly and positively with each other. However, correlations between fruit physical traits and content of primary and/or secondary metabolites were not significant in most cases or were of weak intensity, indicating that larger fruits were generally poorer in phytochemicals content. PCA can be a very useful tool for segregating natural accessions with the best fruit physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity
Optimization of the protocol for in vitro propagation of autochthonous plum genotype ‘Metlaš’
No full textFast and cost-effective clonal propagation of planting material is possible to achieve by application of tissue culture in vitro. In this way, problems associated with traditional propagation, such as rapid spreading of diseases, lack of initial material caused by dependence on seasonal growth or low propagation coefficient can be overcome. This paper deals with optimization of micropropagation of autochthonous plum ‘Metlaš’ (Prunus domestica L.) originated from Guberevci (Municipality Knić, Serbia). ‘Metlaš’ is very often considered to be the same genotype as ‘Okruglica’ (syn. ‘Dragačica’), but they can be clearly distinguished according to plant habit, stone and fruit characteristics. To optimize multiplication stage, the influence of benzyladenine (BA at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l) and thidiazuron (TDZ at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) on the multiplication capacity (multiplication index, length of axial and lateral shoots) was examined. Rooting ability of shoots (rooting rate, number and length of roots, and height of rooted plants) was monitored on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), each combined with 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). TDZ applied at 0.25 mg/l gave the highest multiplication index (9.1), while the longest axial (14.1 mm) and axillary shoots (8.6 mm) were obtained on medium with 1.5 mg/l BA. Although both auxins proved to be efficient in rhizogenesis (rooting rates being 85.7% and 95.2%), higher values of all rooting parameters were observed in the presence of IBA. Rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized
The effect of cryotreatment/genotype interaction on pollen grain in vitro and in vivo performance in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
No full textKrioprezervacija polena omogućava ukrštanja između genotipova koji se razlikuju po vremenu cvetanja, odnosno gajenih na udaljenim lokacijama, što je od velikog značaja za korišćenje germplazme u oplemenjivačke svrhe, kao i očuvanje genetičkih resursa voćaka. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje uticaja kriotretmana (temperatura tečnog azota) na reproduktivnu sposobnost polena monitoringom rasta polenovih cevčica in vivo u tučkovima trešnje (Prunus avium L.). Uticaj kriotretmana je razmatran u kontekstu njegove interakcije sa genotipom oprašivača, i mogućnosti koje pruža analiza in vivo parametara rasta polenovih cevčica pri proceni reproduktivne sposobnosti polena nakon krioprezervacije. Tučkovi sorte trešnje ‘Reginaʼ oprašeni su kriotretiranim i netretiranim polenom sorti ‘Kordiaʼ i ‘Summitʼ. Metodom fluorescentne mikroskopije određeni su kvantitativni parametri rasta in vivo (brojnost polenovih cevčica u pojedinim regionima tučka, dinamika rasta polenovih cevčica, procenat oplođenja), a dobijeni podaci su analizirani zajedno sa podacima utvrđenim za in vitro parametre rasta, kao i zametanje plodova. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na sledeće zaključke: i) reproduktivna sposobnost polena se može uspešno testirati analizom in vivo parametara rasta polenovih cevčica, koju treba kombinovati sa in vitro testom; ii) pri proceni kvaliteta kriotretiranog polena treba koristiti semi- ili potpuno kompatibilne majčinske sorte, čiji sporofiti podržavaju rast muškog gametofita; iii) ključni parametri in vivo testa za procenu reproduktivne sposobnosti kriotretiranog polena su broj polenovih cevčica u gornjoj trećini stubića i plodniku, kao i procenat oplođenja (procenat tučkova sa prodorom najduže polenove cevčice u nucelus semenog zametka desetog dana od dana oprašivanja). Reproduktivna sposobnost polena trešnje nakon krioprezervacije je očuvana u značajnoj meri, i može se proceniti primenom in vivo testa sa značajnom verodostojnošću, u roku od najviše dve nedelje nakon odmrzavanja i rehidracije.Cryopreservation of fruit species pollen allows cross-breeding between genotypes that differ in flowering time, or between the plants grown in distant places, affecting the use of germplasm for breeding purposes and conservation of fruit genetic resources. The primary objective of our research was to determine effect of cryotreatment on pollen reproductive ability in vivo by monitoring pollen tubes growth in the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pistils. The influence of cryotreatment was considered from the context of its interaction to polleniser genotype, and possibility for usage of pollen performance in vivo parameters for assessment of pollen fertilization ability after cryopreservation. Pistils of sweet cherry cultivar ‘Regina’ were pollinated with both cryotreated and non-cryotreated pollen of ‘Kordia’ and ‘Summit’. Quantitative parameters of pollen tube growth in vivo (pollen tube number in the certain pistil parts, pollen tube dynamics, fertilization percentage) were determined using fluorescence microscopy method, and obtained data were analyzed together with those obtained for in vitro pollen performance and fruit set. The research have indicated that: i) reproductive ability of cryotreated sweet cherry pollen is verifiable analyzing in vivo parameters, which should be combined with in vitro test; ii) semi- or fully-compatible female recipients, whose sporophytes are supportive for male gametophytes should be used for the assessment; iii) the key parameters for in vivo testing are pollen tube number in the upper part of the style and in the ovary, as well as fertilization percentage, i.e. the percentage of pistils with penetration of the longest pollen tube in the nucellus of the ovary on the 10th day after pollination. The assessment of pollen reproductive ability after cryopreservation using in vivo testing can give the answers about pollen quality with valuable credibility, in maximum two weeks after thawing and rehydration
Parametri kvaliteta genotipa vinove loze pod nazivom Jagoda iz Srbije
No full textU istraživanju sprovedenom u periodu 2020–2021. Godine ispitivanje genotipa vinove loze pod nazivom jagoda na lokaciji Donje Zleginje - Aleksandrovac, Srbija. Ovaj genotip vinove loze je registrovan 2018. godine u OIV bazu podataka, nije detalјnije proučavana. Na površini od 2 ha na lokaciji Donje Zleginje, praćeni su parametri kvaliteta sorte jagoda. Veličina grozda i dužina petelјke grozda proučavane su u vreme berbe grožđa 05.09.20., odnosno 04.09.21. Korišćena je srednja vrednost svih grozdova sa 10 lastara. Za tačnije određivanje veličine grozda merena je dužina i širina grozda bez petelјke, a dužina petelјke merena je do prvog grananja grozda. Morfološke osobine bobice utvrđene su vizuelno u vreme berbe grožđa na uzorku od 100 bobica uzetih sa 10 grozdova. U periodu berbe grožđa, merenjem mase grozdova utvrđen je prinos grožđa (kg) i broj grozdova po čokotu. Kvalitet grožđa utvrđen je pomoću sadržaja šećera (%) u širi odmah nakon berbe grožđa. Prosečna masa grozda bila je 227,9 g u prvoj godini a u drugoj 363,5 g. Prosečna dužina i širina grozda u prvoj godini bila je 14,2 x 12,9 cm, dok je u drugoj godini bila 18,8 x 14,45 cm. Prosečna dužina petelјke u prvoj godini bilaje 2,5 cm odnosno 3,1 cm. Prinos po čokotu bio je 3,24 kg, odnosno 4,10 kg. Prosečan broj grozdova po čokotu u prvoj godini bio je 20, odnosno u drugoj godini 19. Prosečan sadržaj šećera u prvoj godini bio je 17,50 %, a u drugoj godini 21,60 %. Ova proučavanja mogu da imaju značajnu ulogu u širenju genotipa Jagoda u Srbiji i veću primenu u proizvodnji belih vina. Takođe ova autohtona sorta može poslužiti kao izvor genetičkog materijala za stvaranje novih sorti.In research conducted in the period 2020-2021. the genotype of the grapevine called ‘Jagoda’ at the location of Donje Zleginje, Aleksandrovac, Serbia was examined. This grapevine genotype was registered in 2018 in the OIV database, it has not been studied in detail. The quality parameters of the ‘Jagoda’ genotype were monitored on the area of 2 ha at the location of Donje Zleginje. The size of the bunch and the length of the petiole of the bunch were determined at the time of grape harvest 05.09.20., ie 04.09.21. The mean value of clusters with 10 shoots was used. To more accurately determine the size of the bunch, the length and width of the bunch without the petiole were measured, and the length of the petiole was measured until the first branch of the bunch. All morphological characteristics of the berry were determined visually at the time of grape harvest on a sample of 100 berries taken from 10 bunches. In the period of grape harvest, by measuring the mass of all grapes, the yield of grapes (kg) and the number of grapes per grapevine were determined. The quality of grapes was determined through the content of sugar (%) in the must immediately after grape harvest. The average weight of the bunch was 227,9 g in the first year and 363,5 g in the second year. The average length and width of the cluster in the first year was 14,2 x 12,9 cm, while in the second year it was 18,8 x 14,45 cm. The average length of the petiole in the first year was 2,5 cm and 3,1 cm, respectively. The yield per grapevine was 3,24 kg and 4,10 kg, respectively. The average number of bunches per grapevine in the first year was 20, and in the second year 19. The average content of sugar in the first year was 17,50%, and in the second year 21, 60%. These studies can play a significant role in the spread of the ‘Jagoda’ genotype in Serbia and greater application in the production of white wines. Also, this indigenous genotype can serve as a source of genetic material for the creation of new genotypes
Drying kinetics of frozen plum fruits
No full textZa sušenje se koriste sorte šlјive kombinovanih svojstava, svrstane u grupu srednje kasnih i kasnih sorti, koje sazrevaju od sredine avgusta do sredine septembra. Kako kampanja sušenja traje oko mesec dana, da bi se povećala proizvodnja treba skratiti vreme sušenja, što se postiže različitim predtretmanima, na primer dipovanjem. Druga mogućnost povećanja proizvodnje je produženje sezone sušenja korišćenjem smrznutih plodova, s obzirom da je smrznuto voće dostupno tokom cele godine, a njegov nutritivni sastav se ne razlikuje od svežeg voća. Na taj način smrzavanje se može smatrati predtretmanom u proizvodnji sušene šlјive. Za ispitivanje su korišćene sorte šlјive Instituta za voćarstvo Čačak koje se preporučuju za sušenje (mildora, nada, čačanska rodna i valјevka) i sorta stenlej koja se u Srbiji najčešće koristi za sušenje. Za potrebe eksperimenta plodovi su ubrani probirno u fazi tehnološke zrelosti za preradu sušenjem. Sušenje plodova je obavlјeno u eksperimentalnoj konvektivnoj sušari na temperaturi vazduha 90 °C do postizanja 75% ukupne suve materije. Cilј rada je ispitivanje kinetike sušenja smrznutih plodova u poređenju sa dipovanim (uobičajeni predtretman) i netretiranim plodovima (kontrola). Kod svih ispitivanih sorata netretirani plodovi su se najduže sušili, izuzev kod sorte mildora kod koje se plodovi suše za isto vreme bez obzira na primenjeni predtretman. Smrzavanje se može preporučiti kao predtretman jer sa jedne strane produžava sezonu sušenja, a sa druge strane skraćuje vreme sušenja u odnosu na netretirane plodove, pri čemu se dobija suva šlјiva koja po kvalitetu ne zaostaje za suvom šlјivom dobijenom od svežih plodova. U našim ispitivanjima smrznuti plodovi sorata čačanska rodna, valјevka i stenlej su se osušili za najkraće vreme, dok je kod sorte nada vreme sušenja isto bez obzira da li su plodovi dipovani i smrzavani pre sušenja.Plum cultivars of combined characteristics, classified into the group of medium late and late cultivars, which ripen from mid-August until mid-September, are used for drying. As drying period lasts about a month, in order to increase production, drying time should be decreased, which is achieved by different pre-treatments, like dipping. Another possibility to increase production is to extend drying season by using frozen fruits, since frozen fruit is available throughout the whole year and its nutritional composition does not differ from fresh fruit. In this regard, freezing can be considered as a pre-treatment in the production of prunes. Plum cultivars of the Fruit Research Institute Čačak intended for drying (ˊMildoraˊ, ˊNadaˊ, ˊČačanska Rodnaˊ and ˊValjevkaˊ) and cv ˊStanleyˊ, commonly used for drying in Serbia, are used for examination. For the purpose of the experiment, fruits were picked selectively at the stage of technological maturity for drying. Drying was performed in an experimental convective drier at air temperature of 90 °C until 75% of total dry matter was reached. The aim of the paper is examination of drying kinetics of the frozen fruits compared to dipped ones (common pre-treatment) and non-treated fruits (control). In all examined cultivars, non-treated fruits were dried the longest, except cv ˊMildoraˊ, which fruits were dried the same time regardless the applied pre-treatment. Freezing can be recommended as a pre-treatment because, on the one side, it extends the drying season, and on the other, decreases drying time compared to non-treated fruits; furthermore the quality of prunes obtained in this way does not lag behined the quality of prunes obtained from fresh plums. In our examinations, frozen fruits of cv ˊČačanska rodnaˊ, ˊValjevkaˊ and ˊStanleyˊ were dried the shortest, while in cv ˊNadaˊ, drying time was the same regardless of whether the fruits were dipped or frozen before drying
Properties of new Serbian genotypes of European plum grown in the region of Čačak (Serbia)
No full text‘Lana’ and ‘G’ are the latest genotypes of European plum that were developed in the Republic of Serbia. ‘Lana’ was obtained at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak from the cross ‘California Blue’ × ‘Ruth Gerstetter’ and named and released in 2020. Genotype ‘G’ is spontaneous seedling selected at Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad and was recognized at the beginning of 2022, but has not yet been named. In order to examine performance of those cultivars in agro-ecological conditions of Čačak, this study was done during three consecutive years (2016–2018). The most relevant biological characteristics (flowering and ripening time; morphometric, chemical and organoleptic properties of fruit) and field resistance to causal agents of economically important viral (Plum pox virus) and fungal (red leaf spot, rust and fruit rot) diseases were evaluated. ‘Čačanska Rana’ was used as a standard for ‘Lanaʼ, while ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ was control cultivar for ‘G’. ‘Lanaʼ exhibited later flowering onset (one day) and ripening time (10 days), larger fruit and higher level of field resistance to causal agents of red leaf spot and rust than ‘Čačanska Rana’. The fruit organoleptic properties and field resistance to Plum pox virus of ‘Lanaʼ were in line with standard, though similar or lower values of investigated fruit chemical properties were observed. The flowering and ripening time of genotype ‘G’ occurred two and 10 days later than in ‘Čačanska Lepotica’. The morphometric and organoleptic fruit properties of genotype ‘G’ were similar to those of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, although significantly higher values of the assessed fruit chemical properties were found. Also, genotype ‘G’ demonstrated the same level of field resistance to Plum pox virus as standard and better results regarding the field resistance to causal agents of fungal diseases
Divna, Petra and Lana, new plum cultivars from Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full textProgram oplemenjivanja šljive u Institutu za voćarstvo, Čačak je započeo u ranim pedesetim godinama dvadesetog veka, ubrzo nakon osnivanja Instituta, i za rezultat ima 18 priznatih sorti šljive. Neke od ovih sorti, kao što su ʻČačanska lepoticaʼ, ʻČačanska rodnaʼ i ʻČačanska najboljaʼ predstavljaju najznačajnije sorte u mnogim evropskim zemljama. U 2018. godini priznate su dve nove sorte poznog vremena sazravanja ploda, ʻDivnaʼ i ʻPetraʼ, dok je u 2020. godini priznata rana sorta ʻLanaʼ. Tokom 2020. i 2021. godine, ispitivane su najznačajnije pomološke i agronomske osobine ovih sorti i upoređene sa sortama ʻČačanska ranaʼ i ʻStanleyʼ koje su poslužile kao standard tokom postupka priznavanja. Sve ispitivane sorte su cvetale tokom prve polovine aprila u obe godine. Vreme sazrevanja sorte ʻLanaʼ je bilo na početku treće dekade jula, odnosno 10 dana posle sorte ʻČačanska ranaʼ, dok je vreme sazrevanja sorti ʻDivnaʼ i ʻPetraʼ bilo tokom prve dekade septembra, odnosno pet i 11 dana posle sorte ʻStanleyʼ. Najveće vrednosti morfometrijskih parametara (masa ploda i koštice, visina, širina i debljina ploda) i bujnosti stabla su utvrđene kod sorte ʻLanaʼ, a najmanje kod sorte ʻDivnaʼ. ʻPetraʼ je imala najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije, ukupnih šećera i saharoze, dok je sorta ʻStanleyʼ imala najveći sadržaj invertnih šećera. Najmanje vrednosti hemijskih parametara imale su sorte ʻLanaʼ i ʻČačanska ranaʼ. Najveći prinos i koeficijent rodnosti utvrđeni su kod sorte ʻPetraʼ, a najmanji kod sorte ʻLanaʼ. Sorta ʻLanaʼ je u poređenju sa sortom ʻČačanska ranaʼ imala veće vrednosti morfometrijskih parametara (masa ploda i koštice, visina, širina i debljina ploda), veću količinu rastvorljive suve materije, ukupnih šećera, saharoze i ukupnih kiselina. Takođe, imala je i veću bujnost stabla, dok su prinos i koeficijent rodnosti bili slični. ʻDivnaʼ i ʻPetraʼ su imale veće vrednosti hemijskih osobina, odnosno slične vrednosti morfometrijskih osobina, prinos i bujnost stabla u poređenju sa sortom ʻStanleyʼ.Plum breeding programme at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak which began in early 1950s of the 20th century, shortly after the founding of the Institute, as a result has 18 named and released plum cultivars. Some of them, ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ, ʻČačanska Rodnaʼ and ʻČačanska Najboljaʼ are among the most important cultivars grown in many countries in Europe. In 2018, two new cultivars of late ripening time ʻDivnaʼ and ʻPetraʼ were named and released, while in 2020 early ripening cultivar ʻLanaʼ has been recognised. During two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021, the most important pomological and agronomic properties of these three cultivars were evaluated and compared with two standard cultivars ʻČačanska Ranaʼ and ʻStanleyʼ. Flowering of all examined cultivars was recorded in the first half of the April in both years. Average ripening time of ʻLanaʼ was July 21, ten days after ʻČačanska Ranaʼ, while at ʻPetraʼ and ʻDivnaʼ it was September 5 and 10, respectively (5 and 11 days after ʻStanleyʼ). The largest values of morphometric properties (fruit and stone weight, fruit height, width and thickness) and tree vigour were found in ʻLanaʼ and the smallest in ʻDivnaʼ. ʻPetraʼ had the highest soluble solids content, as well as highest amount of total sugars and sucrose, while ʻStanleyʼ had the highest amount of inverted sugars. The smallest values of chemical properties were found in ʻLanaʼ and ʻČačanska Ranaʼ. The largest yield and yield efficiency were determined in ʻPetraʼ and the smallest in ʻLanaʼ. In comparison with ʻČačanska Ranaʼ, ʻLanaʼ showed higher morphometric values, higher content of soluble solids, total sugars, sucrose and total acids. Also, this cultivar had larger tree, while yield and yield efficiency were similar to ʻČačanska Ranaʼ. ʻDivnaʼ and ʻPetraʼ had higher values of chemical parameters, while morphometric properties, yield and tree vigour were similar to ʻStanleyʼ