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Sofija: Sorta višnje (Prunus cerasus L.)
No full textNova sorta višnje ‘Sofija’, priznata je rešenjem Ministarstva polјoprivrede i zaštite životne sredine RS br. 320-04-00566/2011-11 od 19. januara 2015. godine. Stvorena planskom hibridizacijom iz ukrštanja ‘Čačanski rubin’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’, ova sorta je izdvojena u grupu od deset elitnih hibrida pod oznakom XII/57, iz populacije od preko 3.000 hibridnih sejanaca. Stablo sorte ‘Sofija’ je umerene bujnosti, sa karakterističnim povijenim granama, srednje ranog cvetanja. Plodovi su veoma krupni (7‒8 g), zaoblјenog oblika, slabo izraženog šava. Pokožica ploda je rubin crvene boje, glatka i sjajna, a mezokarp crvene boje, slatko-nakiselog ukusa i odličnog kvaliteta. Sok je crvene boje. Koštica je srednje krupnoće, a petelјka izrazito duga, tanka i lako se odvaja od ploda, bez curenja soka. ‘Sofija’ se odlikuje visokim stepenom polјske otpornosti na Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) v. Arx. Ono što je od posebnog značaja za ovu sortu jeste njeno veoma interesantno vreme sazrevanja (početak druge dekade juna u uslovima zapadne Srbije). Imajući u vidu činjenicu da aktuelni sortiment višnje nije previše dinamičan, kao i da je vreme sazrevanja najvećeg broja komercijalno značajnih krupnoplodih sorti vezano za treću dekadu juna, plodovi sorte ‘Sofija’ zbog ranijeg vremena sazrevanja, uz istovremeno izvanredan kvalitet ploda i visoku rodnost, ostvaruju visoku cenu na tržištu. Od 2019. godine, sorta ‘Sofija’ je standardni deo asortimana u proizvodnji sadnog materijala višnje u Republici Srbiji, a od 2023. godine i van granica naše zemlje.The new sour cherry cultivar ‘Sofija’ was named and released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia (confirmation No. 320-04-00566/2011-11; January 11th, 2015). Developed by planned hybridization from the crossing of ‘Čačanski rubin’ × ‘Heimanns Konserven Weichsel’, this cultivar was selected into the group of ten elite hybrids (under the designation XII/57), from a population of over 3,000 hybrids. The tree of the ‘Sofia’ cultivar is moderately vigorous, with characteristic bent branches, of medium-early flowering. The fruits are very large (7‒8 g), rounded, with a weak seam. The skin of the fruit is ruby red in color, smooth and shiny, and the mesocarp is red, with a sweet-sour taste and excellent quality. The juice is red. The stone is of medium size, and the stem is very long, thin and easily separated from the fruit, without leaking juice. ‘Sofia’ is characterized by a high degree of field resistance to Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) v. Arch. What is of special importance for this cultivar is its very interesting ripening time (the beginning of the second decade of June in the conditions of western Serbia). Bearing in mind the fact that the current sour cherry assortment is not too dynamic, as well as that the ripening time of the largest number of commercially significant large-fruited cultivars is related to the third decade of June, the fruits of the ‘Sofia’ cultivar, due to their earlier ripening time, with at the same time outstanding fruit quality and high fertility, achieve high price on the market. Since 2019, the variety ‘Sofija’ is a standard part of the assortment in the production of cherry planting material in the Republic of Serbia, and from 2023 also outside the borders of our country.Priznata sorta na nacionalnom nivou – M98 (2015. godina); Realizovana sorta na nacionalnom nivou – M96 (2019. godina); Realizovana sorta na međunarodnom nivou – M95 (2023. godina
Black queens of fruits: Chemical composition of blackberry (Rubus subg. rubus Watson) and black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars selected in Serbia
No full textBlack fruits, especially blackberries and black currants, are highly appreciated by consumers due to their nutraceutical properties, which have reported health benefits. This study aimed to assess the fruit quality of the blackberry (cv. ‘Čačanska Bestrna’) and black currant (cv. ‘Čačanska Crna’) created at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (Republic of Serbia) by evaluating basic quality parameters (fruit weight, soluble solids), and content of primary (sugars and organic acids) and secondary (phenolic compounds) metabolites. Additionally, the study examined the quality of frozen and long-term frozen storage (6, 9, and 12 months). The results showed that ‘Čačanska Crna’ contained a high level of total soluble solids (15.23 Bx), sugars (93.06 mg g-1), and a high index of sweetness (159.48) as well as a high content of acids (34.35 mg g-1) in the fruit. Both species were found to contain forty-seven phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavanols, and anthocyanins, analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ had the highest amounts of phenolic acids (66.85 mg 100 g-1) and flavanols (53.99 mg 100 g-1), whereas ‘Čačanska Crna’ showed the highest levels of flavonols (8.57 mg 100 g-1) and anthocyanins (139.11 mg 100 g-1). Furthermore, the study revealed that anthocyanins were the most abundant phenolic group in both blackberries and black currants, and their levels remained constant during frozen storage. The sugar content in both species remained unchanged, while the acid concentration increased over time in blackberries but remained consistent in black currants. Overall, the findings highlight the superior phenolic content, particularly anthocyanins, of the cultivars with black fruits selected in Serbia. These cultivars have great commercial potential for the fresh market and processing. Moreover, the study suggests that frozen storage is an effective method for preserving their quality and beneficial properties
Assessment of the ecological condition of the land after the application of mineral fertilizers and pesticide
No full textSoil protection from mineral fertilizers and pesticides implies taking a large number of organizational measures such as: development of new long-acting granular forms of fertilizers; application of complex forms of chemicals; application of rational input technology; creating and applying less toxic and less resistant/stable compounds and reducing the doses of their introduction into the soil; compliance with storage and transport rules, etc
The site and temperature effect on in vitro pollen performance of some cherry cultivars
No full textThe study was carried out to determine the effect of the site and temperature regime on the in vitro pollen performance of sweet cherries ʻLapins’, and ʻBurlat’, and sour cherry ʻŠumadinka’ in order to evaluate their ability as pollen donors for some Serbian cherry cultivars. For each cultivar pollen was collected from the two sites (Beograd and Čačak). In vitro pollen performance was conducted at 17°C and 20°C. Pollen germination was determined in a medium containing 0.7% agar-agar and 15% sucrose. For sweet cherries, increasing the temperature from 17°C to 20°C resulted in a significant decrease in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, while for ʻŠumadinka’ opposite result, but without a significant difference was observed. A significant influence of the site on pollen germination was established. Higher values were recorded for both sweet cherries in Čačak, while ʻŠumadinka’ showed a better response in Beograd. The shortest pollen tubes were observed in Burlat (370.6μm) while ʻŠumadinka’ had the longest ones (830.5μm). Site and temperatures affected pollen tube growth in vitro. Different germination percentages and pollen tube growth were found among both, different cultivars located in the same place and the same cultivars from two different locations. This leads to the different environmental conditions that influenced pollen formation in each location. More evaluation, including pollen performance in vivo and fruit settings in cross-pollinated combination with Serbian cherry cultivars is needed for the proper choice of pollen donors
Diversity of plums belonging to P. domestica L., P. insititia L. and Prunus × rossica Erem. Tree vigour, yielding and fruit quality attributes
No full textFrom 2017 to 2022, tree growth, yield components, fruit quality attributes and antioxidant capacity of
autochthonous and rare plum cultivars of different genetic origin were investigated. The research was carried out
in the environmental conditions of Serbia in orchard where intensive horticultural measures were applied. The
results showed a wide variability of the examined parameters among cultivars and among plum types. The
‘Olenka’ plum had the most vigor trees, whereas ‘Saint Julien’ had dwarf trees. The Serbian autochthonous plums
‘Metlaˇs’ and ‘Crvena Ranka’ had the best yield components (Y, CY, YE). ‘Timoˇcanka’ had the highest FW and fruit
size, whereas ‘Metlaˇs’ and ‘Saint Julien’ had the weakest fruit physical characteristics. Unexpectedly, ‘Saint
Julien’ had the highest content of soluble solids, both ripening and sweetness indexes and RS. The highest and
similar content of TS was found in the fruits of ‘Crvena Ranka’, ‘Timoˇcanka’ and ‘Obilnaya’. ‘Crvena Ranka’ and
‘Obilnaya’ had the highest content of N-RS. The Czech autochthonous cultivars ‘Durancie’ and ‘Chrudimsk´a’ had
a similar and highest content of vitamin C, while the highest TPC and TFC were found in the fruits of ‘Metlaˇs’ and
‘Olenka’, respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanins had ‘Obilnaya’, whereas the lowest had ‘Saint
Julien’. Fruits of ‘Durancie’ had the highest TAC, followed by ‘Timoˇcanka’ and ‘Obilnaya’, whereas fruits of
‘Olenka’ had the poorest antioxidant power. Considering their overall performances, evaluated plums can be
grown in production orchards for different purposes or can be an alternative to the leading commercial cultivars
in similar ecological conditions. Also, they can be used for breeding programs
ʻDivnaʼ and ʻPetraʼ new late ripening plum cultivars released at Fruit Research Institute, Čačak
No full textIn this study, the most important characteristics of tree vigour and
productivity, as well as pomological traits (fruit morphometric and chemical
characteristics) of new late ripening cultivars ʻDivnaʼ and ʻPetraʼ released at Fruit
Research Institute, Čačak were evaluated and compared to standard cultivar
ʻStanleyʼ. Both new cultivars had slightly larger tree and yield in comparison to
ʻStanleyʼ, but smaller fruit in general. ʻPetraʼ had the best chemical properties of
fruit followed by ʻDivnaʼ. Both new cultivars could be very interesting for
growing in new orchards due to very late ripening time, good fruit quality and
high cropping potential and also could be used in further breeding activities
Organska proizvodnja američke visokožbunaste borovnice korišćenjem retortnog bukovog uglja
No full textThe research conducted in this study aimed to investigate the impact of retorted beech charcoal on the shoot number and length of the highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Duke’. The experimental trial was established using randomized block system, consisting of three treatments and a control group. The control plants were potted in plastic containers filled with a mixture of sawdust and a substrate designed for commercial blueberry growing by Klasman. The plants in the treatment groups were potted similarly but with the addition of retorted beech charcoal in the root zone and around the root neck. Three different quantities of charcoal were used: 150 g (T1), 100 g (T2) and 50 g (T3). The number and length of shoots were monitored over the two-year period. The results indicated a positive influence of retorted beech charcoal on the number and length of shoots. Specifically, the plants in the treatment groups exhibited longer and more numerous shoots compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results varied depending on the quantity of retorted beech charcoal applied. The treatment with 150 g of retorted beech charcoal recorded the highest average length and number of shoots. Additionally, in both the treatment and control groups, a greater number and length of shoots were observed in the second year of the study.Istraživanja obuhvaćena ovim radom sprovedena su u cilju proučavanja uticaja primene retortnog bukovog uglja na broj i dužinu jednogodišnjih prirasta kod biljaka visokožbunaste borovnice sorte Duke. Eksperimentalni ogled bio je postavljen po dizajnu slučajnog blok sistema i uključivao je tri tretmana i kontrolu. Biljke koje su poslužile kao kontola zasađene su u plastične saksije napunjene mešavinom strugotine i komercijalnog supstrata za gajenje borovnice čiji proizvođač Klasman. Biljke iz tretmana su posađene na isti način ali uz dodatak retortnog bukovog uglja u zoni korena i korenovog vrata biljaka u količini od 150 g (T1), 100 g (T2) i 50 g (T3). Broj i dužina jednogodišnjih prirasta praćeni su tokom dve godine. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da retortni bukov ugalj pozitivno utiče na broj i dužinu jednogodišnjih prirasta. Naime, biljke u tretmanu su imale veću dužinu i broj jednogodišnjih prirasta u odnosu na kontrolne biljke. Utvrđene su i razlike u dobijenim rezultatima u zavisnosti od primenjene količine retortnog bukovog uglja. Najveća prosečna dužina i broj jednogodišnjih prirasta zabeleženi su u tretmanu sa 150 g retortnog bukovog uglja. Veći broj i veća dužina jednogodišnjih prirasta u svim tretmanima i kontroli zabeleženi su u drugoj godini proučavanja
Application of qPCR for plum pox virus detection during cryotherapy
No full textFor the purpose of removing viruses from infected plant material, cryotherapy is a novel application of the plant cryopreservation technique. The use of various cryotherapy procedures and treatments necessitates the examination of cryo-treated material for the presence of the targeted pathogen in order to gauge the effectiveness of the therapy. In our study, we evaluated the efficiency of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and qPCR (quantitative PCR) methods for the detection of plum pox virus (PPV) in cryotreated material of plums ‘Belošljiva’ and ‘Crvena Ranka’. A qRCR assay showed higher sensitivity in comparison to conventional RT-PCR
Physical and chemical characteristics of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars
No full textIn the experiment, fruit characteristics (fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness,
stone weight, stone share, stalk length and stalk weight) and contents of primary metabolites
(soluble solids, total sugars, invert sugars, proteins, sucrose, titratable acidity and pH) of sour
cherry cultivars were studied. The research included fruits of five cultivars ('Sofija', 'Iskra',
'Nevena', 'Šumadinka' and 'Čačanski Rubin') developed in a breeding program at the Fruit Research Institute in Čačak and 'Heimanns Konserven Weichsel' as a standard cultivar. During the experimental period, significant differences in the parameters tested were observed among the cultivars. Fruit weight ranged from 5.69 g ('Heimanns K.W.') to 7.68 g ('Sofija'), while stone weight ranged from 0.36 g ('Iskra') to 0.48 g ('Čačanski Rubin'). The cultivar 'Sofija' had the highest fruit dimensions and stalk length, whereas the highest value for stone share was found in 'Čačanski Rubin'. Among primary metabolites, soluble solids content (16.43%) was highest in 'Iskra', while total sugars and invert sugars were high in ‘Čačanski Rubin’ (10.17% and 9.15%, respectively). Also, 'Čačanski Rubin' was the cultivar with the highest content of sucrose, while 'Nevena', Šumadinka' and 'Sofija' had higher contents of proteins compared to the other cultivars studied. In contrast, the highest level of titratable acidity was obtained in 'Heimanns K.W.', and the highest fruit pH in 'Čačanski Rubin'. The present results indicate that tested sour cherry cultivars due to the numerous positive physical and chemical characteristics deserve a place in intensive orchards and breeding programs as cultivars with enhanced nutritional value of fruits
Quality characterization of blackberry fruits (Rubus subg. Rubus Watson) in different maturity stages
No full textThe European blackberry (Rubus subg. Rubus Watson) is an important berry in Serbia and is positioned immediately after the raspberry and strawberry in terms of economic significance. The two most grown cultivars of blackberry in Serbia are ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Čačanska Bestrna,’ each with their own unique characteristics and benefits. The choice of cultivar depends on the specific needs and preferences of the grower, as well as the growing conditions and market demand in their region. The aim of this study was to compare the fruit quality of the ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ blackberry cultivars during different maturity stages (fully ripe and overripe). The study found that both cultivars had higher values of soluble solids content (10.80° Brix), total anthocyanins (118.09 mg cyn-3-glu 100 g -1 FW), weight (7.64 g), length (26.57 mm), and fruit shape index (1.48) when sampled at the overripe maturity stage. On the other hand, an increase in total phenolic content (601.56 mg 100 g-1 FW), antioxidant capacity (3.81 µmol Trolox 100 g-1 FW), and fruit width (18.30 mm) was determined in fully ripe blackberry fruits. Considering that blackberry fruits produced in Serbia are mainly sold on domestic and foreign markets in a frozen state due to the low level of processing capacity, these research findings will be useful in modern food technology. The trend in food technology is directed towards extending the shelf life and increasing the content of nutrients in blackberry fruits