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Speech as "Hybrid Warfare"
Full text linkLong ago one used to say: “In a war truth is the first casualty.” The saying now should go: “In a modern war the first shot is a speech.” This paper wishes to point out how, over the last decade, informational activities have been classified as a form of “hybrid warfare” that should be countered and defeated. It analyses how traditional propaganda is now qualified as hybrid warfare and what are its consequences under international law, what does one mean for “disinformation” or “misinformation”, and how and who can determine it, as well as what are the consequences of the weaponisation of informational activity in a democratic system and in its public debate. The paper argues that a hybrid warfare is a catch-all expression which can include any kind of activity deemed as “hostile” by a country, the notion of disinformation is misleading and fuzzy, and is apt to include any sort of speech, from simple facts to statements of opinion, finally, the emphasis on hostile speech as a form of hybrid warfare has a spillover effect in domestic public debate with a powerful silencing effect on non-conventional views
A kimondás motiválatlansága: Emberi és mesterséges intelligencia az irodalmi szövegek születésében és befogadásában
Full text linkPublicly launched on 30 November 2022, ChatGPT appears to have become widely capable of imitating human creative writing. Following Alan Turing’s idea and to find out whether the chatbot can indeed do this, I launched an imitation game on human written and AI-generated text in the framework of the New National Excellence Programme, with 3 professional literary critics and 100 naïve subjects. My aim is not only to understand the mind capable of creating and writing but also to identify the elements in the text that reveal the human or artificial nature of the author.2022. november 30-án az OpenAI bemutatta a ChatGPT-t, amely látszólag tökéletesen mímelte az emberi intelligenciát, többek között a szövegalkotás tekintetében is. A széles körben elérhető program hatására sokakat kezdett foglalkoztatni a kérdés: kiváltható-e mesterségesen az ember szövegalkotó tevékenysége? A jelen tanulmány ennek a kérdésnek a megválaszolásához kíván hozzájárulni a Turing-teszt mintájára egy olyan kvalitatív és kvantitatív kutatás elvégzésével, amelyben három irodalomkritikus mellett száz válaszadónak kellett megkülönböztetnie kortárs szerzők és a ChatGPT által írt szövegeket. Célom nem csupán az alkotásra képes ágens megismerése, hanem annak feltárása, hogy a szöveg szintjén hol mutatható ki a szerző emberi vagy mesterséges mivolta
The Dynamics of Adoption: Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Insights from the Routledge Handbook of Adoption
Full text linkAdoption research is multifaceted, bridging disciplines such as sociology, psychology and policy studies. While it is not rigid or impossible to cross the lines, separating research traditions, adoption research has often taken two parallel paths, each driven by distinct interests and methodologies. One primary focus is the exploration of best policies and practices for child placement aimed at ensuring stable adoptions and fostering the well-being of all family members. Researchers examine how children and adoptive parents are matched, the satisfaction levels of adoptive families with services, and how these factors influence the length and success of placements. Another significant area of adoption research is developmental psychology. This branch delves into the mental health of adoption minors, their developmental progress after adoption from institutional settings, and their adoption following foster care placements. Since 2000, much of the research has shifted toward understanding the underlying processes affecting adoption outcomes. This includes examining how adoptive parents react to and navigate their roles, as well as the diversity in their communication styles, which profoundly impact adoptees’ adoption and identity formation. Recognising individual differences in adaptation and their root causes is vital for advancing adoption practices. This paper offers a theoretical overview of adoption-related theories and research, as presented in the comprehensive Routledge Handbook of Adoption (2021)
Separating the Grain from the Chaff: Relying on Linguistic Clues to Tell Real News Apart from Fake News: Book Review
Full text linkGrieve, Jack – Woodfield, Helena 2023: The Language of Fake News. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/978100934916
Building Bridges in Academic Publishing and Research: A Study of the Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies
Full text linkThis study explores the publication practices and collaboration networks of the Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies in order to understand its contribution to global academic knowledge production and the way in which semi-peripheral academic institutions can navigate global academic hierarchies, achieve greater visibility, and foster equitable knowledge production. The analysis shows that fellows at the institution overwhelmingly prioritise high-impact journals, with approximately 70% of their work published at Q1-ranked venues. This focus underscores the institute’s dedication to academic excellence and its commitment to increasing the global visibility of Hungarian research. Most of the publications are concentrated in Western academic journals, especially those based in the United States, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, reflecting the extant academic networks of the fellows, and the institution’s strategic emphasis on high-quality, internationally recognised publication outlets. However, while international journals dominate, a smaller, yet significant, portion of publications appears in local journals, indicating a balance between global engagement and local impact. Situated within a world-systemic framework, this paper argues that Institutes for Advanced Studies can act as bridges between semi-peripheral academic institutions and leading global research networks. By supporting international collaboration and emphasising impactful publishing, the Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies not only enhances its own reputation but also serves as a model for other institutions seeking to raise their profile in the competitive landscape of global academic publishing
A repülőipar új korszaka: a grafénban rejlő innováció
Full text linkAmong the multitude of two-dimensional materials, graphene has garnered significant scientific interest over the past three decades due to its remarkable properties. Its discovery has catalysed a profound expansion and diversification within materials research and nanotechnology. Currently, several research projects are dedicated to explore the potential applications of graphene, thereby significantly advancing both the military and civil aviation sectors in addition to technological innovation. After presenting the structure and primary properties of graphene, this paper outlines the expected applications in aviation industry focusing on power systems, sensors and materials used on the outer surface of the aircraft.A különféle 2D-anyagok közül a grafén az elmúlt 30 évben kiterjedt kutatási figyelmet kapott lenyűgöző tulajdonságai miatt. Felfedezése hatalmas lökést és új dimenziót adott az anyagkutatásnak és a nanotechnológiának. Napjainkban már számtalan, a grafén felhasználási lehetőségeit boncolgató kutatás folyik, ami nagymértékben elősegíti a katonai és polgári repülőipar fejlődését és a technológiai innovációt. Ez a cikk a grafén szerkezetének és főbb tulajdonságainak bemutatása után három szempontból foglalja össze a grafén repülőiparban való alkalmazási lehetőségeit: energetikai berendezések, szenzorok és repülőgép külső felületén használt anyagok területeken
Partner or Ally? V4 Countries’ Bilateral Relations with the United States: Comparative Analysis of Strategic Documents between 2020 and 2023
Full text linkAfter its summit in Prague on 27 February 2024, the Visegrád Group suffered a breakdown of relations, mainly due to the divergent views of its member states regarding Russia’s war in Ukraine. The V4 countries split into a pro-Ukraine block (Poland and the Czech Republic) and a Ukraine-sceptic block (Hungary and Slovakia), which made it difficult for the group to present a united front on key issues and diminished its ability to influence broader European policy. In addition, the lack of unity weakens the V4’s collective security posture while the Central European region has gained strategic importance as part of NATO’s eastern flank. The deterioration of the security environment also impacted the V4 countries’ bilateral relations with the United States, as the pro-Ukraine countries intend to maintain close cooperation with Washington, while the sceptics are staunch critics of Western policies supporting Ukraine. This paper highlights the fundamental differences between the latest security strategies and foreign policies of the Visegrád Group countries towards the United States, Russia and China, looking at these countries’ latest national security strategies and the 2022 integrated country strategies of the United States Department of State. Our comparative analysis shows that Hungary can be considered an outsider among the V4 countries since the Hungarian Government intends to pursue pragmatic cooperation with Russia and China while U.S.–Hungarian relations are gradually deteriorating. In contrast, the other three member states – especially Poland and the Czech Republic, but also Slovakia regardless of Robert Fico’s return to power in 2023 – favoured closer ties with the United States and shared most of the same concerns over Moscow and Beijing
A 3D-nyomtatás helyének és szerepének vizsgálata a fegyverzettechnikai oktatásban
Full text link3D printing as an industry no longer only contains opportunities but also challenges in the operation and maintenance of weapons and even more so in their training. Therefore, it became necessary to review this area and summarise the tasks.A 3D-nyomtatás mint gyártástechnológia már nemcsak lehetőséget, hanem kihívásokat is rejt a fegyverek üzemeltetésében és karbantartásában, sőt leginkább ezek oktatásában. Ezért szükségessé vált ennek a területnek az áttekintése és a feladatok összegzése
Műszaki kiválóságok: Guggenberger Károly címzetes vezérőrnagy
Full text linkKároly Guggenberger graduated from excellent schools and accordingly, he served with distinction both during the First World War and turbulent times after that. Although there are no major work to his name, but he served with honour on many European fronts and worked with distinction for his king and country. He served as a commander and in various higher staff roles too. He took part in forced river crossings, built and demolished bridges, constructed fortifications and roads, and last, but not least, organised the difficult task of military engineering support. All in all, he was an excellent military engineering officer.Guggenberger Károly kitűnő iskolákat végzett, és ennek megfelelően kitűnően helytállt az első világháborúban, valamint az azt követő zavaros időkben. Nevéhez nem fűződnek nagy alkotások, de a háború minden európai hadszínterén becsülettel és magas szintű szakmaisággal szolgálta uralkodóját és hazáját. Szolgált parancsnokként és a magasabb törzsekben egyaránt. Részt vett erőszakos folyamátkelésben, épített és bontott hadihidakat, erődített, utat épített és szervezte a műszaki támogatás összetett folyamatát. Kiváló műszaki tiszt volt
A repülésben használt Ethernet-alapú adathálózat, az AFDX
Full text linkOur research focuses on ARINC 664-P7, an advanced deterministic data transmission networkstandard used in modern aviation systems, such as the latest aircraft from Airbus and Boeing.It is based on IEEE 802.3 Ethernet technology, enhanced with specialised protocol extensionsto ensure high reliability and low latency. The system consists of three main components:end-systems (data transmission and reception), switches (routing of data packets), and virtuallinks (logical connections between end-systems). ARINC 664-P7 ensures data transmissionintegrity, collision-free communication, and redundancy, supporting real-time communicationin aviation environments.Kutatásunk középpontjában az ARINC 664-P7 áll, egy fejlett, determinisztikus adatátviteli hálózati szabvány, amelyet a modern repüléstechnikai rendszerekben használnak, például az Airbus és a Boeing legújabb repülőgépein. Az IEEE1 802.3 Ethernet-technológiára épül, kiegészítve speciális protokollkiterjesztésekkel a nagy megbízhatóság és az alacsony késleltetés érdekében. A rendszer három fő eleme a végponti rendszerek (adatküldés és -fogadás), a kapcsolók (adatcsomagok irányítása) és a virtuális kapcsolatok (logikai kapcsolatok a végpontok között). Az ARINC 664-P7 biztosítja az adatátvitel integritását, az ütközésmentességet és a redundanciát, támogatva a valós idejű kommunikációt repüléstechnikai környezetekben