University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Karelia, Karelians and the Karel languages
Get PDFThe article presents the most important identity issues concerning a small, sociolinguistically diverse, geopolitically and culturally divided Balto-Finnic nation – Karelians. The author describes the Karelian ethnic group, emphasizing its inhomogeneity. The paper lists and describes the ethnolects of Karelian spoken both in Russian Karelia and Finland. It points out, on the one hand, the ethnolectal differences among them and, on the other hand, their clear relationship with various Finnish dialects and vernaculars. The Karelian languages are treated as an ethnolect continuum. The article also contains a brief description of Karelian grammar, showing its Finno-Ugric characteristics. Eventually, the paper raises the issue of the rebirth of the Karelian national identity. It stresses the Karelian heritage in the culture of Finns, the development of the Karelian languages, as well as the initiated work on creating their literary variants. Moreover, the text presents Russia’s planned linguistic and cultural policy in the Karelian Republic, still unfavorable to the ethnos, against a historical background.W artykule przedstawiono ważniejsze kwestie tożsamościowe dotyczące niewielkiego, socjolingwistycznie zróżnicowanego, rozdzielonego politycznie i kulturowo narodu bałtyckofińskiego – Karelów, a także ogólną problematykę etnolektów karelskich. Na tle historyczno-geograficznym, a także archeologicznym i kraniologicznym, wprowadzono, powołując się na dane literaturowe, w zawiłe zagadnienia problematyki bytowania pierwotnych ludów zamieszkujących obszary dzisiejszej Karelii. Przytoczono popularne w fennistyce teorie na temat etnogenezy Karelów. Zawarto krótką charakterystykę etniczną narodu karelskiego, podkreślając jego niehomogeniczność. Wymieniono etnolekty karelskie, będące w użyciu zarówno w Karelii rosyjskiej, jak i fińskiej, akcentując z jednej strony różnice etnolektalne między nimi, z drugiej zaś – wyraźne związki z dialektami i gwarami fińskimi. Opis lingwistyczny języków karelskich przeprowadzono w aspekcie etnolektalnego kontinuum. Zawarto również krótką charakterystykę gramatyczną języków karelskich z uwypukleniem ich cech uralskich (ugrofińskich). Na koniec poruszono sprawy odradzającej się tożsamości narodowej – karelskości. Zaakcentowano dziedzictwo karelskie w kulturze Finów. Podkreślono rozwój języków karelskich oraz zainicjowane prace nad tworzeniem ich wariantów literackich. Przedstawiono na tle historycznym planową, wciąż niekorzystną dla etnosu, politykę językową i kulturową Rosji prowadzoną w Republice Karelskiej.The article presents the most important identity issues concerning a small, sociolinguistically diverse, geopolitically and culturally divided Balto-Finnic nation – Karelians. The author describes the Karelian ethnic group, emphasizing its inhomogeneity. The paper lists and describes the ethnolects of Karelian spoken both in Russian Karelia and Finland. It points out, on the one hand, the ethnolectal differences among them and, on the other hand, their clear relationship with various Finnish dialects and vernaculars. The Karelian languages are treated as an ethnolect continuum. The article also contains a brief description of Karelian grammar, showing its Finno-Ugric characteristics. Eventually, the paper raises the issue of the rebirth of the Karelian national identity. It stresses the Karelian heritage in the culture of Finns, the development of the Karelian languages, as well as the initiated work on creating their literary variants. Moreover, the text presents Russia’s planned linguistic and cultural policy in the Karelian Republic, still unfavorable to the ethnos, against a historical background
Ангел Господень Казимежа Пшервы-Тетмайера как переводческая задача при переводе на русский язык
Get PDFThe author conducts an analysis of a Young Poland poem The Angelus by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer in terms of possible issues which may arise in its translation into Russian. The premise for doing so was – above all – the researcher’s awareness of the peculiar style of Young Poland writers, for whom using neologisms, occasionalisms or emotionally expressive lexis was part of their active poetry practices. In addition to this, the functioning conditions of both Polish and Russian have objectively changed over the past century, and certain units have lost their original usage or initial meaning. The findings of the analysis point out to the fact that The Angelus, despite the passage of time, as a whole, does not, in fact, present a significant translation issue and it should be subject to both a philological and poetic translation. Working on the poem will occasionally require the translator’s creativity, especially when outdated vocabulary or words which do not function in contemporary Russian are used.The author conducts an analysis of a Young Poland poem The Angelus by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer in terms of possible issues which may arise in its translation into Russian. The premise for doing so was – above all – the researcher’s awareness of the peculiar style of Young Poland writers, for whom using neologisms, occasionalisms or emotionally expressive lexis was part of their active poetry practices. In addition to this, the functioning conditions of both Polish and Russian have objectively changed over the past century, and certain units have lost their original usage or initial meaning. The findings of the analysis point out to the fact that The Angelus, despite the passage of time, as a whole, does not, in fact, present a significant translation issue and it should be subject to both a philological and poetic translation. Working on the poem will occasionally require the translator’s creativity, especially when outdated vocabulary or words which do not function in contemporary Russian are used.Автор анализирует, относящееся к литературному течению «Молодая Польша», стихотворение Казимежа Пшервы-Тетмайера Ангел Господень с точки зрения возможных проблем его перевода на русский язык. Предпосылкой для такой процедуры является прежде всего осознание исследователем специфического стиля высказываний писателей «Молодой Польши», для которых использование неологизмов, окказионализмов или эмоционально-экспрессивной лексики было частью их активной поэтической практики. Более того, за последнее столетие объективно изменились условия функционирования как польского, так и русского языков, а отдельные единицы утратили свою первоначальную активность или первичное значение. Из проведённого анализа вытекает, что Ангел Господень, несмотря на ход времени, в целом не представляет собой чрезвычайной переводческой проблемы и должен подвергаться не только филологическому, но и поэтическому переводам. Однако работа над ним в некоторых случаях потребует от переводчика изобретательности, особенно в ситуациях, когда он столкнётся с лексикой устаревшей или отсутствующей в ресурсах современного русского языка
Minnekultur og minneoverføring i Mona Levins Mors historie (2015) og Irene Levins Vi snakket ikke om Holocaust (2020)
Get PDFThis article explores the thematization of memory transmission and communicative memoriesin contemporary Norwegian-Jewish literature, based on Mona Levin’s Mors historie (2015)and Irene Levin’s Vi snakket ikke om Holocaust (2020). Norwegian second and third generationliterature has only been explored to a limited extent. This article aims to change this situationby shedding light on how and to what extent Norwegian-Jewish literature contributes to contemporarymemory processes and memory culture
Littérature labyrinthique entre texte et sexe dans "Journal sexuel d’un garçon d’aujourd’hui" d’Arthur Dreyfus
Get PDFIn Journal sexuel d’un garçon d’aujourd'hui, Arthur Dreyfus records his sexual experiences over several years. But he doesn’t limit himself to recounting his sexual intimacy; he also writes down some of his thoughts on other areas, such as relationships, writing and psychoanalysis. He generally proceeds in short narratives that can take different forms (anecdotes, poems, letters...) and are brought together to form a work of over 2000 pages. The reader is thus led into the author’s systems of thought. The aim of this article is to highlight the labyrinthine construction of this work: first, we’ll see how the Journal is the result of a search for identity. Next, we’ll look at how this work proposes a new form of intertextuality. Finally, we look at the form of the Journal and its impact on the reader. In this way, we offer the first keys to reading a complex but powerful work.In Journal sexuel d’un garçon d’aujourd'hui, Arthur Dreyfus records his sexual experiences over several years. But he doesn’t limit himself to recounting his sexual intimacy; he also writes down some of his thoughts on other areas, such as relationships, writing and psychoanalysis. He generally proceeds in short narratives that can take different forms (anecdotes, poems, letters...) and are brought together to form a work of over 2000 pages. The reader is thus led into the author’s systems of thought. The aim of this article is to highlight the labyrinthine construction of this work: first, we’ll see how the Journal is the result of a search for identity. Next, we’ll look at how this work proposes a new form of intertextuality. Finally, we look at the form of the Journal and its impact on the reader. In this way, we offer the first keys to reading a complex but powerful work.In Journal sexuel d’un garçon d’aujourd'hui, Arthur Dreyfus records his sexual experiences over several years. But he doesn’t limit himself to recounting his sexual intimacy; he also writes down some of his thoughts on other areas, such as relationships, writing and psychoanalysis. He generally proceeds in short narratives that can take different forms (anecdotes, poems, letters...) and are brought together to form a work of over 2000 pages. The reader is thus led into the author’s systems of thought. The aim of this article is to highlight the labyrinthine construction of this work: first, we’ll see how the Journal is the result of a search for identity. Next, we’ll look at how this work proposes a new form of intertextuality. Finally, we look at the form of the Journal and its impact on the reader. In this way, we offer the first keys to reading a complex but powerful work
Entre fascination et doute. Octave Mirbeau et la science
Get PDFOctave Mirbeau is consistently interested in the development of science, as is evident from his press articles, short stories and novels. But his judgment of science and its conquests, of scientists and their methods, is not unambiguous. His work contains therefore both enthusiasm for the power of human knowledge and the vivid conscience of its harmful effects. This study aims to highlight these contrasting positions and reflect on their foundations, which arise from the polemical nature of his writing, from his own lucidity and from the lack of faith in the human race. In spite of his pessimistic beliefs, Mirbeau persists on fighting for the values he cherishes, confronting an idealistic vision of science with a disillusioned image of the reality.Octave Mirbeau is consistently interested in the development of science, as is evident from his press articles, short stories and novels. But his judgment of science and its conquests, of scientists and their methods, is not unambiguous. His work contains therefore both enthusiasm for the power of human knowledge and the vivid conscience of its harmful effects. This study aims to highlight these contrasting positions and reflect on their foundations, which arise from the polemical nature of his writing, from his own lucidity and from the lack of faith in the human race. In spite of his pessimistic beliefs, Mirbeau persists on fighting for the values he cherishes, confronting an idealistic vision of science with a disillusioned image of the reality.Octave Mirbeau is consistently interested in the development of science, as is evident from his press articles, short stories and novels. But his judgment of science and its conquests, of scientists and their methods, is not unambiguous. His work contains therefore both enthusiasm for the power of human knowledge and the vivid conscience of its harmful effects. This study aims to highlight these contrasting positions and reflect on their foundations, which arise from the polemical nature of his writing, from his own lucidity and from the lack of faith in the human race. In spite of his pessimistic beliefs, Mirbeau persists on fighting for the values he cherishes, confronting an idealistic vision of science with a disillusioned image of the reality
Ut pictura poesis. De One plus One aux « Godardesques » dans l’art contemporain (IIe partie)
Get PDFThe article deals with Jean-Luc Godard's interventions in the multimedia arts, known as « fraternal arts », and « ut pictura poesis » to reconsider the audiovisual juxtaposition of fiction and documentary in the film-collage of the modern period of end of the sixties and « cinema effects » in contemporary arts. It retraces some of the main elements of the film One plus One directed by Jean-Luc Godard and addresses its role and importance in the clandestine nature of artistic creation by revealing the interconnections between « musical history in the making » and the aesthetics of graffiti, Brechtian quote, and distancing (Verfremdungseffekt). In the second part, the essay draws on Burgin and Dubois to examine how the « cinema effect » (l’effet-cinéma) of the so-called « Godardesques » emerges in the context of contemporary museum installations. By approaching artistic works, our wish is to reveal the forms of reconstitution of the Godardian One plus One. These works loosely linked to classical cinema can be considered, following Burgin, as cinematic heterotopias.The article deals with Jean-Luc Godard's interventions in the multimedia arts, known as « fraternal arts », and « ut pictura poesis » to reconsider the audiovisual juxtaposition of fiction and documentary in the film-collage of the modern period of end of the sixties and « cinema effects » in contemporary arts. It retraces some of the main elements of the film One plus One directed by Jean-Luc Godard and addresses its role and importance in the clandestine nature of artistic creation by revealing the interconnections between « musical history in the making » and the aesthetics of graffiti, Brechtian quote, and distancing (Verfremdungseffekt). In the second part, the essay draws on Burgin and Dubois to examine how the « cinema effect » (l’effet-cinéma) of the so-called « Godardesques » emerges in the context of contemporary museum installations. By approaching artistic works, our wish is to reveal the forms of reconstitution of the Godardian One plus One. These works loosely linked to classical cinema can be considered, following Burgin, as cinematic heterotopias.The article deals with Jean-Luc Godard's interventions in the multimedia arts, known as « fraternal arts », and « ut pictura poesis » to reconsider the audiovisual juxtaposition of fiction and documentary in the film-collage of the modern period of end of the sixties and « cinema effects » in contemporary arts. It retraces some of the main elements of the film One plus One directed by Jean-Luc Godard and addresses its role and importance in the clandestine nature of artistic creation by revealing the interconnections between « musical history in the making » and the aesthetics of graffiti, Brechtian quote, and distancing (Verfremdungseffekt). In the second part, the essay draws on Burgin and Dubois to examine how the « cinema effect » (l’effet-cinéma) of the so-called « Godardesques » emerges in the context of contemporary museum installations. By approaching artistic works, our wish is to reveal the forms of reconstitution of the Godardian One plus One. These works loosely linked to classical cinema can be considered, following Burgin, as cinematic heterotopias
Ethos et ironie: le cas de Pierre Bayard, professeur rusé
Get PDFThis article delves into the intertwined nature of ethos and irony, tracing their origins to Ancient Greece and their evolution over the centuries. It postulates that the concept of “ironic ethos” plays a crucial role in literary analysis by shedding light on how authors craft their self-image through their works, particularly through the strategic use of irony. The paper employs a critical examination of Pierre Bayard’s How to Talk About Books You Haven’t Read as a case study, showcasing how Bayard, as an author, constructs a cunning intellectual persona using self-irony. The conclusion posits that the notion of ironic ethos provides a valuable tool in understanding the complexities of writers’ self-representation, enriching the discourse on literary analysis and authorial intent.This article delves into the intertwined nature of ethos and irony, tracing their origins to Ancient Greece and their evolution over the centuries. It postulates that the concept of “ironic ethos” plays a crucial role in literary analysis by shedding light on how authors craft their self-image through their works, particularly through the strategic use of irony. The paper employs a critical examination of Pierre Bayard’s How to Talk About Books You Haven’t Read as a case study, showcasing how Bayard, as an author, constructs a cunning intellectual persona using self-irony. The conclusion posits that the notion of ironic ethos provides a valuable tool in understanding the complexities of writers’ self-representation, enriching the discourse on literary analysis and authorial intent.This article delves into the intertwined nature of ethos and irony, tracing their origins to Ancient Greece and their evolution over the centuries. It postulates that the concept of “ironic ethos” plays a crucial role in literary analysis by shedding light on how authors craft their self-image through their works, particularly through the strategic use of irony. The paper employs a critical examination of Pierre Bayard’s How to Talk About Books You Haven’t Read as a case study, showcasing how Bayard, as an author, constructs a cunning intellectual persona using self-irony. The conclusion posits that the notion of ironic ethos provides a valuable tool in understanding the complexities of writers’ self-representation, enriching the discourse on literary analysis and authorial intent
Ironiczne opinie na polskim Reddicie: Opis i metody analizy komputerowej
Get PDFThe paper analyses ironic comments as forms of expressing opinions posted by social media users, specifically on Polish Reddit. The study resorts to Gricean and neo-Gricean theories and typologies adapted to analyse the (syntactically) imperfect, spontaneous and colloquial discourse used online on social media. In this analysis, various corpus and computational tools are deployed to scrutinise types of irony, topics, and functions. The results have clearly shown that the most frequent type of irony used by Reddit authors is lexical irony, the predominant function is jocular irony, and the overall sentiment of the comments is negative. Ironic comments on the Polish Reddit (subreddit ‘/s’) are primarily used to express opinions about institutions, events, things and generally the third party, and rarely to attack an individual. The study also shows how advanced computational tools available for the Polish language can be used in a language analysis of opinionated texts.Artykuł analizuje ironiczne komentarze jako formy wyrażania opinii zamieszczanych przez użytkowników mediów społecznościowych, w szczególności na polskim Reddicie. Badanie odwołuje się do teorii Grice'a i podejść neo-Grice'owskich. Istniejące typologie ironii zostały zmodyfikowane, aby możliwe było ich zastosowanie w analizie (składniowo) niedoskonałego, spontanicznego i potocznego dyskursu używanego online w mediach społecznościowych. W celu zbadania wypowiedzi ironicznych, np. rodzaju ironii, tematyki opinii ironicznych oraz funkcji ironii, wykorzystano różne narzędzia korpusowe i komputerowe. Wyniki wyraźnie wskazują, że najczęściej używanym rodzajem ironii przez autorów Reddita jest ironia leksykalna, dominującą funkcją jest ironia żartobliwa, a ogólny wydźwięk komentarzy jest negatywny. Ironiczne komentarze na polskim Reddicie (subreddit '/s') są głównie używane do wyrażania opinii o instytucjach, wydarzeniach i ogólnie o osobach trzecich, rzadko natomiast do atakowania innych użytkowników Reddita. Badanie pokazuje również, jak zaawansowane narzędzia komputerowe dostępne dla języka polskiego mogą być używane w analizie językowej tekstów opiniotwórczych