University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Electronisation of the Supervision Over Local Government Activity Regarding Financial Matters in Poland and the Constitutional Principle of Legality
Get PDFThe basic aim of this paper is to evaluate the process of electronisation of the supervision implemented by Regional Chambers of Audit (RIO) over the activity of local government in Poland in the scope of financial matters. The Authors conduct this assessment mainly from the perspective of compliance with the principle of legality determined, among others, in Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (the Constitution). Due to the fact that this principle is a general basis for the functioning of public authority bodies, it should also be the basic benchmark (condition) of the broadly understood electronisation of the activity of these bodies, not only in the indicated supervisory scope of RIO.
It needs to be noted that the process of electronisation of RIO supervision over local government activity has been gradually implemented since 2016, and, importantly, has not been imposed by the legislator, but happened with the consent of the interested parties.
Therefore, the Authors have formulated the key research problem, namely: is the electronisation of RIO supervision over financial matters in compliance with the constitutional principle of legality and, in particular, does it implement all statutory features of this supervision?
The analysis allowed to answer positively the above question as well as to indicate other positive (non-legal) effects of electronisation.
In this paper, non-reactive research methods, i.e. based on the analysis of the content and available source information, are used in the first place, but it also based on the Authors’ empirical knowledge, because they are members of the Committee of the Regional Chamber of Audit in Bialystok and are engaged in the supervisory process over the local government activity
Bringing the words out of the Montessori box: Towards a Montessori system for enhancing language development from birth to six years
Get PDFAnecdotal evidence from early years practitioners in the UK reflects a perception of gradual, but persistent, decline in the extent of native English-speaking children’s vocabulary and oral communication skills when they start nursery aged 2–3 years. This paper will examine the scope and reasons for the perceived decline as background, before surveying and evaluating national programmes implemented in the UK to remedy it. Then, building on how the Montessori approach supports and enhances children’s language development during the early years, a proposal for a Montessori-based remedial system to develop and extend the range of individual children’s vocabulary, grammatical forms, and syntactic structures, in the order in which native speakers of English acquire them, will be outlined.Anecdotal evidence from early years practitioners in the UK reflects a perception of gradual, but persistent, decline in the extent of native English-speaking children’s vocabulary and oral communication skills when they start nursery aged 2–3 years. This paper will examine the scope and reasons for the perceived decline as background, before surveying and evaluating national programmes implemented in the UK to remedy it. Then, building on how the Montessori approach supports and enhances children’s language development during the early years, a proposal for a Montessori-based remedial system to develop and extend the range of individual children’s vocabulary, grammatical forms, and syntactic structures, in the order in which native speakers of English acquire them, will be outlined
Aid to life – Montessori pedagogy in the service of autism spectrum children
Get PDFThis article explores the feasibility of implementing Montessori principles outside traditional Montessori environments, focusing on children with autism whose families cannot afford Montessori schooling. It examines whether Montessori education can effectively address the needs of autistic children in non-Montessori settings. The author, a Montessori educator, describes her efforts to adapt Montessori methods in diverse environments, including public kindergartens, schools, therapeutic centres, and extracurricular activities. The research refers to the growing prevalence of autism, as noted by the World Health Organization, and the necessity of inclusive educational approaches. The author presents practical examples of children’s interactions with Montessori materials and innovative adaptations of Montessori philosophy to suit various settings. Special attention is given to activities inspired by Montessori’s Great Stories, demonstrating their potential in engaging children from different backgrounds. The paper argues that Montessori education should extend beyond specialized institutions to benefit a broader range of children, particularly those on the autism spectrum. It highlights the importance of preserving the core tenets of Montessori pedagogy – individual, spontaneous activity, and holistic human development – while adapting to external conditions. The article provides valuable insights into integrating Montessori principles in non-traditional settings, advocating for more inclusive educational practices.This article explores the feasibility of implementing Montessori principles outside traditional Montessori environments, focusing on children with autism whose families cannot afford Montessori schooling. It examines whether Montessori education can effectively address the needs of autistic children in non-Montessori settings. The author, a Montessori educator, describes her efforts to adapt Montessori methods in diverse environments, including public kindergartens, schools, therapeutic centres, and extracurricular activities. The research refers to the growing prevalence of autism, as noted by the World Health Organization, and the necessity of inclusive educational approaches. The author presents practical examples of children’s interactions with Montessori materials and innovative adaptations of Montessori philosophy to suit various settings. Special attention is given to activities inspired by Montessori’s Great Stories, demonstrating their potential in engaging children from different backgrounds. The paper argues that Montessori education should extend beyond specialized institutions to benefit a broader range of children, particularly those on the autism spectrum. It highlights the importance of preserving the core tenets of Montessori pedagogy – individual, spontaneous activity, and holistic human development – while adapting to external conditions. The article provides valuable insights into integrating Montessori principles in non-traditional settings, advocating for more inclusive educational practices
Przedstawienie i ocena działań Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki ekologicznej
Get PDFThe article presents the current situation in the world in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere, broken down by continent, and data showing the increase in average global temperature. Further on, the European Union’s activities in the field of pro-environmental policy (e.g. the European Green Deal, the Emissions Trading System ETS, the ‘Fit for 55’ package of political initiatives), as well as the effects of the reforms introduced to create a climate-neutral economy are listed and described in detail. The authors’ analysis indicates their positive assessment of the policies pursued by the European Union in the field of ecology.W artykule przedstawiona została obecna sytuacja na świecie pod względem ilości emitowanych do atmosfery gazów cieplarnianych z podziałem na kontynenty oraz dane pokazujące wzrost średniej globalnej temperatury. W dalszej części zawarte zostały szczegółowo wymienione oraz opisane działania Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki proekologicznej (m.in. Europejski Zielony Ład, System Handlu Emisjami ETS, pakiet inicjatyw politycznych “Gotowi na 55”), a także skutki wprowadzonych reform mających na celu stworzenie gospodarki neutralnej klimatycznie. Przeprowadzona przez Autorki analiza, wskazuje na ich pozytywną ocenę polityki prowadzonej przez Unię Europejską w dziedzinie ekologii
Diagnoza kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa Tauron Polska Energia S.A. W latach 2019-2022
Get PDFIn an age of energy transition, characterized by a shift from fossil to renewable energy sources, energy companies face significant operational and investment challenges. The article presents an analysis and assessment of the financial condition of Tauron Polska Energia S.A. in 2019-2022 operating in the energy sector, taking into account the impact of changing market conditions. On the basis of separate financial statements and sustainability reports, the development of financial indicators relating to the main areas of corporate financial diagnostics was analyzed, calculated and then interpreted. In addition, market trends that affect the profitability of investment policy evaluation and changes in capital structure were identified. The study is not limited to showing only the changes in the financial condition of the company, but also seeks to identify the causes of these changes during the period under study. The analysis of the causes of changes in the company’s activities in 2019-2022 presented individual categories (operational, investment and financial) allows us to draw conclusions about the main directions of activities and investment and financial decisions made. In the methodological layer of the diagnosis, the methodology of financial analysis was used. Of the general methods of financial analysis, the method of deduction was used.W dobie transformacji energetycznej, charakteryzującej się przejściem od źródeł kopalnych do odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE), spółki energetyczne stają przed znaczącymi wyzwaniami operacyjnymi i inwestycyjnymi. Artykuł przedstawia analizę i ocenę kondycji finansowej spółki Tauron Polska Energia S.A. w latach 2019-2022 działającej w sektorze energetycznym, z uwzględnieniem wpływu zmieniających się warunków rynkowych. Na podstawie jednostkowych sprawozdań finansowych oraz raportów zrównoważonego rozwoju przeanalizowano, obliczono, a następnie zinterpretowano kształtowanie się wskaźników finansowych odnoszących się do głównych obszarów diagnostyki finansowej przedsiębiorstw. Dodatkowo zidentyfikowano trendy rynkowe, które wpływają na rentowność ocenę polityki inwestycyjnej oraz zmiany w strukturze kapitałowej. W opracowaniu nie ograniczono się do pokazania jedynie zmian kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa, lecz również starano się zidentyfikować przyczyny tych zmian w badanym okresie. Analiza przyczyn zmian w działalności spółki w latach 2019-2022 zaprezentowanej poszczególnych kategoriach (operacyjnej, inwestycyjnej i finansowej) pozwala na wyciągnięcie wniosków dotyczących głównych kierunków działań oraz podejmowanych decyzji inwestycyjnych i finansowych. W warstwie metodycznej diagnozy wykorzystano metodykę analizy finansowej. Z metod ogólnych analizy finansowej zastosowano metodę dedukcji. W diagnostyce sytuacji finansowej rozpatrywanego przedsiębiorstwa wykorzystano metodę porównań w czasie
Priming congruence and COVID-19 vaccination intention: a mediation analysis
Get PDFBackground
This study took place at the height of the fifth wave of COVID-19 in France, coinciding with stigmatizing communication toward the unvaccinated. We hypothesized that adherence to this communication would facilitate or inhibit the effects of priming on vaccination intention, depending on whether the priming included a dimension of connection to others.
Participants and procedure
In a convenience online French sample (N = 1800, M age = 26.30), vaccination intention was asked after love priming, no love/prejudice priming, materialism priming, or a control condition. Participants also reported their adherence to restrictive measures, i.e., media control, vaccination pass, and mandatory vaccination.
Results
Vaccination intention was higher in the no love/prejudice and materialism conditions than in the love and control conditions. Adherence to restrictive measures mediated the effect of prejudice or materialism priming on intention to get vaccinated.
Conclusions
Implications of these results are discussed in light of the socially situated cognition perspective and the congruence of (a) a societal context of communication toward the vaccine and the unvaccinated, (b) the participant’s degree of adherence to that communication, (c) the theme of priming, whether or not related to feeling connected to others. Implications of materialism priming are discussed, and the effect of commitment on intention to get vaccinated.Background
This study took place at the height of the fifth wave of COVID-19 in France, coinciding with stigmatizing communication toward the unvaccinated. We hypothesized that adherence to this communication would facilitate or inhibit the effects of priming on vaccination intention, depending on whether the priming included a dimension of connection to others.
Participants and procedure
In a convenience online French sample (N = 1800, M age = 26.30), vaccination intention was asked after love priming, no love/prejudice priming, materialism priming, or a control condition. Participants also reported their adherence to restrictive measures, i.e., media control, vaccination pass, and mandatory vaccination.
Results
Vaccination intention was higher in the no love/prejudice and materialism conditions than in the love and control conditions. Adherence to restrictive measures mediated the effect of prejudice or materialism priming on intention to get vaccinated.
Conclusions
Implications of these results are discussed in light of the socially situated cognition perspective and the congruence of (a) a societal context of communication toward the vaccine and the unvaccinated, (b) the participant’s degree of adherence to that communication, (c) the theme of priming, whether or not related to feeling connected to others. Implications of materialism priming are discussed, and the effect of commitment on intention to get vaccinated
Konstruktywna krytyka, mowa nienawiści czy przemoc słowna? Świadomość zjawiska hejtu w sieci w internetowej społeczności
Get PDFHate speech, verbal violence, hate and trolling are increasingly common issues that almost every user of the Internet and social media have to deal – often as an observer, sometimes as a victim, and sometimes as a hater indeed. In order to understand the increasingly common verbal aggression in online debates in terms of communication, the authors analyzed a fragmentary, targeted social diagnosis regarding the level of awareness of the phenomenon of hate on the Internet and the effects caused by hate speech that directly affect people. The purpose of the research undertaken is to characterize the phenomenon of hate speech in the consciousness of the online community.Mowa nienawiści, przemoc słowna, hejt i trolling są coraz częstszymi zjawiskami, z którymi spotyka się niemal każdy użytkownik internetu i mediów społecznościowych – niejednokrotnie w charakterze obserwatora, nieraz ofiary, a czasami jeszcze w roli samego hejtera. Aby zrozumieć coraz powszechniejszą agresję słowną w internetowej debacie w aspekcie komunikacyjnym, autorki poddały analizie przeprowadzoną fragmentaryczną celową diagnozę społeczną dotyczącą poziomu świadomości zjawiska hejtu w internecie oraz skutków wywołanych mową nienawiści bezpośrednio wpływających na człowieka. Celem podjętych badań jest charakterystyka zjawiska hejtu w świadomości internetowej społeczności
Nadbałtyckie, połabskie i pomorskie uzupełnienia do prac o jeniectwie w średniowieczu (część pierwsza)
Get PDFPolish historical literature has recently seen a renewed interest in the fate of prisoners of war who fell into captivity in the numerous battles fought during the Middle Ages. Due to the availability of historical sources, particular attention has been paid to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, although, of course, relatively few examples of captives from the earlier period have been discussed. In this respect, chronicles illustrating armed conflicts between the Polish or Polish Lithuanian state and the Teutonic Order have been particularly useful. What came as an important point of reference for historians were also cases of prisoners of war described in Western European sources. So far, there has been no broader study of medieval captives which would focus on the Slavia. This term first referred to the territories inhabited by the Polabian Slavs, from Holstein to the borders of Western Pomerania. At the end of the twelfth and in the thirteenth century, it came to be used for medieval Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. From the perspective of the Kingdom of Denmark, it was still a much wider area. The present study attempts to trace and discuss cases of captivity in the geographical area in question.
The work covers mainly the years 1177–1320, from the conflict over the Saxon inheritance after the death of Henry the Lion, in which not only German, but also Mecklenburg and Pomeranian rulers took part, to the extinction of the Brandenburg margraves from the Ascanian dynasty. War or conflict was an important tool of the policy of members of this dynasty, particularly experienced by other feudal lords from the area under study.
Considering that the source material is quite extensive, for editorial reasons the study has been divided into parts. The first part covers the period until the end of the twelfth century.Polish historical literature has recently seen a renewed interest in the fate of prisoners of war who fell into captivity in the numerous battles fought during the Middle Ages. Due to the availability of historical sources, particular attention has been paid to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, although, of course, relatively few examples of captives from the earlier period have been discussed. In this respect, chronicles illustrating armed conflicts between the Polish or Polish Lithuanian state and the Teutonic Order have been particularly useful. What came as an important point of reference for historians were also cases of prisoners of war described in Western European sources. So far, there has been no broader study of medieval captives which would focus on the Slavia. This term first referred to the territories inhabited by the Polabian Slavs, from Holstein to the borders of Western Pomerania. At the end of the twelfth and in the thirteenth century, it came to be used for medieval Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. From the perspective of the Kingdom of Denmark, it was still a much wider area. The present study attempts to trace and discuss cases of captivity in the geographical area in question.
The work covers mainly the years 1177–1320, from the conflict over the Saxon inheritance after the death of Henry the Lion, in which not only German, but also Mecklenburg and Pomeranian rulers took part, to the extinction of the Brandenburg margraves from the Ascanian dynasty. War or conflict was an important tool of the policy of members of this dynasty, particularly experienced by other feudal lords from the area under study.
Considering that the source material is quite extensive, for editorial reasons the study has been divided into parts. The first part covers the period until the end of the twelfth century
Joannicka i pojoannicka płyta nagrobna z terenu Pomorza Zachodniego z lat 1399 i 1616
Get PDFIn Western Pomerania, where few epigraphic artefacts have survived (with the exception of some larger centres), the epigraphist is dependent on secondary sources in the form of archival copies or photographs. This article presents two ledger stones from 1399 and 1616 which have not survived and which are indirectly related by their connection with the history of the Hospitallers. Providing information on these ledger stones and their inscriptions will introduce them into scholarly circulation and broaden our historical knowledge.In Western Pomerania, where few epigraphic artefacts have survived (with the exception of some larger centres), the epigraphist is dependent on secondary sources in the form of archival copies or photographs. This article presents two ledger stones from 1399 and 1616 which have not survived and which are indirectly related by their connection with the history of the Hospitallers. Providing information on these ledger stones and their inscriptions will introduce them into scholarly circulation and broaden our historical knowledge
Jak komunikować kwestie wpływu technologii sztucznej inteligencji na środowisko
Get PDFThis article reviews environmentally-oriented publications from 2022-2024 related to the rise of AI technologies in order to discuss the burden AI is considered to exert on the climate and energy resources. Given the scarcity of texts that discuss it, the topic could be seen as an example of agenda cutting or discursive silencing at play. Such a review helps to determine how the recommendations by environmental experts are being accommodated to the needs of different publics and policy-makers, based on the interdisciplinary research that maps the ways to use AI responsibly and sustainably and regulate the industry to keep its environmental impact in check. Finally, it lists examples of the ways in which AI technologies can help in the mitigation, adaptation and protection from climate changes and energy crises. The findings demonstrate that while there are some promising uses of AI to diminish the environmental burden and to help in climate change adaptation, the problem of AI energy demands and emissions is far from solved, and environmental communicators should take this issue up.Artykuł zawiera przegląd publikacji popularno-naukowych z lat 2022–2024 na temat negatywnego wpływu technologii SI na środowisko. Ze względu na małą liczbę tekstów medialnych podejmujących tematykę energii czy klimatu w kontekście SI, można mówić o odwróconym procesie ustanawiania agendy lub o dyskursywnym wyciszaniu tematu. W przeglądzie sprawdzamy, w jaki sposób problematyka zasobów i emisji jest przedstawiana różnym publicznościom i jakie rekomendacje są proponowane na podstawie interdyscyplinarnych badań na temat sposobów odpowiedzialnego i zrównoważonego wykorzystania technologii SI. Przegląd zamykają przykłady zastosowań SI w celu usprawnienia działań na rzecz adaptacji do zmian klimatycznych i uchronienia się od kryzysów energetycznych. Rezultaty przeglądu wskazują jednak, że, pomimo obiecujących zastosowań technologii SI w działaniach ochronnych, nie ma jeszcze skutecznych sposobów ograniczania jej negatywnego wpływu na środowisko. Kwestia ta powinna być przedmiotem komunikacji ekologicznej