University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Gatunki, kategorie i tagi w telewizji linearnej i nielinearnej
Get PDFThe concept of television genre is a starting point for conceptualizations made by researchers from various theoretical perspectives. It seems that the rich genological literature on the subject lacks the perspective of television creators. The reasons for this omission are probably justified by the arbitrariness and inconsistency of the nomenclature used by broadcasters and producers, which serves rather to communicate with the viewer and internal communication than to precisely classify the content. The purpose of this article is to attempt to describe the genres, categories and tags used by television creators. The analysis of this set of terms will serve to find the regularities that govern programmers and producers’ thinking about TV content. An additional reference in these considerations will be the transformation of the linear to the non-linear paradigm.Pojęcie gatunku telewizyjnego stanowi punkt wyjścia do konceptualizacji czynionych przez badaczy z różnorodnych perspektyw teoretycznych. Wydaje się, że w bogatej genologicznej literaturze przedmiotu brakuje perspektywy twórców telewizyjnych. Powody tego zaniechania są zapewne uzasadnione dowolnością i niespójnością nazewnictwa stosowanego przez nadawców i producentów, które służy raczej komunikacji z widzem i komunikacji wewnętrznej niż potrzebie precyzyjnego klasyfikowania kontentu. Celem tego artykułu jest próba opisania gatunków, kategorii i tagów używanych przez twórców telewizji. Analiza tego zbioru nazw posłuży odnalezieniu prawidłowości rządzących myśleniem o treściach telewizyjnych programerów i producentów. Dodatkowe odniesienie w tych rozważaniach będzie stanowić dziejąca się właśnie na naszych oczach transformacja telewizji związana z pojawieniem się obok paradygmatu linearnego paradygmatu nielinearnego
Reproductive biology of the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Turkish Aegean Sea
Get PDFThe present study investigated the reproductive biology of European anchovies obtained seasonally from fishermen in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea). The total length range of the investigated individuals was 9.0 – 15.7 cm. Of the 750 samples in which sex was determined, 34% were males, and 66% were females, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of 1.91:1. The first maturation length was determined to be 10.47 cm for females and 9.95 cm for males. Based on the total values of the gonadosomatic index, it was concluded that the reproductive period of the species falls in the summer season. The batch fecundity of the species ranged from 2.123 to 6.951 oocytes, and the fecundity– length relationship was expressed as F = 1134.4TL – 10034 (R2 = 0.84). Histological examination of the female ovaries revealed the presence of oocytes at different stages of development, indicating multiple spawning during the reproductive season.The present study investigated the reproductive biology of European anchovies obtained seasonally from fishermen in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea). The total length range of the investigated individuals was 9.0 – 15.7 cm. Of the 750 samples in which sex was determined, 34% were males, and 66% were females, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of 1.91:1. The first maturation length was determined to be 10.47 cm for females and 9.95 cm for males. Based on the total values of the gonadosomatic index, it was concluded that the reproductive period of the species falls in the summer season. The batch fecundity of the species ranged from 2.123 to 6.951 oocytes, and the fecundity– length relationship was expressed as F = 1134.4TL – 10034 (R2 = 0.84). Histological examination of the female ovaries revealed the presence of oocytes at different stages of development, indicating multiple spawning during the reproductive season
Assessment of eutrophication in the Berdan River Basin (Türkiye) using various classification tools
Get PDFThe trophic status of the Berdan River Basin was determined using univariate and multivariate classification tools. The results indicated that the water quality/ trophic status of a downstream section of the Berdan River was characterized as “poor/eutrophic” due to anthropogenic inputs from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater discharges. Strong and positive correlations between TRIX values and concentrations of eutrophication parameters suggest that nutrient enrichment of water in the Berdan River during its flow will result in further eutrophication in the coastal region of the NE Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the trophic and pollution status of the Berdan River, as well as other regional rivers flowing into the coastal area of the NE Mediterranean Sea should be monitored to develop action plans and sustainable management of eutrophication in regional rivers and the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea.The trophic status of the Berdan River Basin was determined using univariate and multivariate classification tools. The results indicated that the water quality/ trophic status of a downstream section of the Berdan River was characterized as “poor/eutrophic” due to anthropogenic inputs from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastewater discharges. Strong and positive correlations between TRIX values and concentrations of eutrophication parameters suggest that nutrient enrichment of water in the Berdan River during its flow will result in further eutrophication in the coastal region of the NE Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the trophic and pollution status of the Berdan River, as well as other regional rivers flowing into the coastal area of the NE Mediterranean Sea should be monitored to develop action plans and sustainable management of eutrophication in regional rivers and the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea
Distinctive morphological variation of saccular otoliths in relation to hermaphroditism type in Sarpa salpa and Serranus scriba (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Mediterranean Sea in Bizerte, Tunisia
Get PDFThis study aimed to describe and compare the morphological characteristics of saccular otoliths (sagittae) in the protandrous hermaphrodite Sarpa salpa and the synchronous hermaphrodite Serranus scriba collected from the Bizerte site located in northwestern Tunisia, and to examine the effect of hermaphroditism type on the otolith shape and size at the inter- and intraspecific levels, using elliptical Fourier analysis. At the interspecific level, a significant bilateral asymmetry in shape was observed between the left and right otoliths. At the intraspecific level, a significant bilateral asymmetry in shape was detected between the left and right otoliths only in S. scriba. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) produced two separate main groups corresponding to the two species, and intrasexually differentiated between left and right otoliths in S. salpa. In addition, a significant bilateral asymmetry was found in Lo, Wo, Ao, and Po in S. salpa and in Po only in synchronous S. scriba. Thus, protandrous hermaphroditism did not affect otolith shape in S. salpa, but showed an apparent bilateral asymmetry in otolith size. However, synchronous hermaphroditism exhibited a significant bilateral asymmetry in otolith shape and Po only in S. scriba. The causes of this significant inter- and intraspecific bilateral asymmetry observed in otolith shape and size were discussed.This study aimed to describe and compare the morphological characteristics of saccular otoliths (sagittae) in the protandrous hermaphrodite Sarpa salpa and the synchronous hermaphrodite Serranus scriba collected from the Bizerte site located in northwestern Tunisia, and to examine the effect of hermaphroditism type on the otolith shape and size at the inter- and intraspecific levels, using elliptical Fourier analysis. At the interspecific level, a significant bilateral asymmetry in shape was observed between the left and right otoliths. At the intraspecific level, a significant bilateral asymmetry in shape was detected between the left and right otoliths only in S. scriba. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) produced two separate main groups corresponding to the two species, and intrasexually differentiated between left and right otoliths in S. salpa. In addition, a significant bilateral asymmetry was found in Lo, Wo, Ao, and Po in S. salpa and in Po only in synchronous S. scriba. Thus, protandrous hermaphroditism did not affect otolith shape in S. salpa, but showed an apparent bilateral asymmetry in otolith size. However, synchronous hermaphroditism exhibited a significant bilateral asymmetry in otolith shape and Po only in S. scriba. The causes of this significant inter- and intraspecific bilateral asymmetry observed in otolith shape and size were discussed
First record of the species Encyonema bonapartei Heudre, C.E.Wetzel & Ector (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) in Serbia
Get PDFEncyonema bonapartei Heudre, C.E.Wetzel & Ector is a diatom species originally documented in 2016, following its discovery in three canals in the eastern region of France. In 2021, an extensive hydrobiological survey in a mountainous part of southwestern Serbia led to the first finding of this taxon outside of France, i.e. in the Uvac Special Nature Reserve – in Lake Zlatar (Zlatarsko jezero) and in the Marić River (Marića reka). Detailed light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations of a large population recorded in Lake Zlatar confirmed the unique morphological characteristics of E. bonapartei, which is also the first record for the diatom flora of Serbia. The present work provides new information on the distribution and ecological preferences of E. bonapartei, taking into account physical and chemical characteristics of its habitats in Serbia.Encyonema bonapartei Heudre, C.E.Wetzel & Ector is a diatom species originally documented in 2016, following its discovery in three canals in the eastern region of France. In 2021, an extensive hydrobiological survey in a mountainous part of southwestern Serbia led to the first finding of this taxon outside of France, i.e. in the Uvac Special Nature Reserve – in Lake Zlatar (Zlatarsko jezero) and in the Marić River (Marića reka). Detailed light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations of a large population recorded in Lake Zlatar confirmed the unique morphological characteristics of E. bonapartei, which is also the first record for the diatom flora of Serbia. The present work provides new information on the distribution and ecological preferences of E. bonapartei, taking into account physical and chemical characteristics of its habitats in Serbia
New addition to the fauna of shallow-water hydroid polyps (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Gulf of Antalya, Türkiye
Get PDFThe present study aimed to identify and characterize the hydroid fauna in the Gulf of Antalya, Türkiye. This paper reports 35 taxa belonging to 17 families identified in the region. Among the identified species, Clytia brevithecata, Clytia noliformis, Turritopsis nutricula, Scandia gigas and Acauloides ammisatum were recorded for the first time on Turkish coasts. Nineteen taxa – Amphinema rugosum, Coryne eximia, Clytia gracilis, Monotheca obliqua, Eudendrium merulum, Halecium tenellum, Orthopyxis integra, Hydractinia aculeata, Laomedea flexuosa, Laomedea angulata, Dicoryne conferta, Clytia linearis, Eudendrium simplex, Eudendrium capillare, Aglaophenia picardi, Halopteris diaphana, Salacia desmoides, Sertularella ellisii and Hydrodendron mirabile – are new to the Mediterranean coast of Türkiye. With the publication of this paper, the number of hydroid species documented along the Turkish coasts has increased to 132, highlighting the importance of these findings. The discovery of new species and the expansion of their range underscores the need for continued research covering different depths to better understand the ecological importance of these organisms and the biodiversity of the marine environment.The present study aimed to identify and characterize the hydroid fauna in the Gulf of Antalya, Türkiye. This paper reports 35 taxa belonging to 17 families identified in the region. Among the identified species, Clytia brevithecata, Clytia noliformis, Turritopsis nutricula, Scandia gigas and Acauloides ammisatum were recorded for the first time on Turkish coasts. Nineteen taxa – Amphinema rugosum, Coryne eximia, Clytia gracilis, Monotheca obliqua, Eudendrium merulum, Halecium tenellum, Orthopyxis integra, Hydractinia aculeata, Laomedea flexuosa, Laomedea angulata, Dicoryne conferta, Clytia linearis, Eudendrium simplex, Eudendrium capillare, Aglaophenia picardi, Halopteris diaphana, Salacia desmoides, Sertularella ellisii and Hydrodendron mirabile – are new to the Mediterranean coast of Türkiye. With the publication of this paper, the number of hydroid species documented along the Turkish coasts has increased to 132, highlighting the importance of these findings. The discovery of new species and the expansion of their range underscores the need for continued research covering different depths to better understand the ecological importance of these organisms and the biodiversity of the marine environment
Length–weight relations and condition factors of several endemic and native fish species from Anatolian freshwater
Get PDFThis study analyzed the length–weight relations and condition factors of 13 species belonging to three highly endemic genera: Oxynoemacheilus (6), Seminemacheilus (2) and Cobitis (5). Fish were sampled in several streams and lakes using a backpack electroshocker. Analyses were based on a total number of individuals, which was n = 304. A linear regression model was applied to determine the relationship between fish length and weight. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.950 to 0.980 for all populations (p < 0.05). Allometric coefficient ‘b’ values ranged from 2.498 to 3.201 for Oxynoemacheilus, from 2.970 to 2.127 for Seminemacheilus, and from 2.111 to 3.076 for Cobitis populations. Fulton’s condition factor for Oxynoemacheilus, Seminemacheilus and Cobitis ranged from 0.391 to 3.080. This study addresses gaps in LWR and CF information for a number of ecologically important freshwater fish species. It is expected that the results of this research provide baseline data for further fisheries management studies and may support conservation studies of related species.This study analyzed the length–weight relations and condition factors of 13 species belonging to three highly endemic genera: Oxynoemacheilus (6), Seminemacheilus (2) and Cobitis (5). Fish were sampled in several streams and lakes using a backpack electroshocker. Analyses were based on a total number of individuals, which was n = 304. A linear regression model was applied to determine the relationship between fish length and weight. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.950 to 0.980 for all populations (p < 0.05). Allometric coefficient ‘b’ values ranged from 2.498 to 3.201 for Oxynoemacheilus, from 2.970 to 2.127 for Seminemacheilus, and from 2.111 to 3.076 for Cobitis populations. Fulton’s condition factor for Oxynoemacheilus, Seminemacheilus and Cobitis ranged from 0.391 to 3.080. This study addresses gaps in LWR and CF information for a number of ecologically important freshwater fish species. It is expected that the results of this research provide baseline data for further fisheries management studies and may support conservation studies of related species
Blood serum IgE and muscle element levels in Cyprinus carpio infested by Argulus foliaceus in Lake Çavuşçu (Konya/Turkey): Assessment of their impact on human health
Get PDFFish with the metazoan parasite Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura) infestation observed in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caught between September and October 2018 in Lake Çavuşçu. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the muscle tissue of individuals of this fish species. The levels of heavy metals were studied and assessed for their effects on human health. The results obtained in the study were compared with the limit values set by national and international quality criteria. In addition, blood serum IgE levels were examined in fish. IgE is considered part of the parasite-specific immune defense system called allergic antibody. The results were compared with serum IgE levels in non-parasitized carp. It was found that serum IgE levels of infested fish were higher than serum IgE levels of non-parasitized carp. The recommendation for consumers is that although the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were well below 1, they should be mindful of the risk in their daily fish intake.Fish with the metazoan parasite Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura) infestation observed in carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caught between September and October 2018 in Lake Çavuşçu. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in the muscle tissue of individuals of this fish species. The levels of heavy metals were studied and assessed for their effects on human health. The results obtained in the study were compared with the limit values set by national and international quality criteria. In addition, blood serum IgE levels were examined in fish. IgE is considered part of the parasite-specific immune defense system called allergic antibody. The results were compared with serum IgE levels in non-parasitized carp. It was found that serum IgE levels of infested fish were higher than serum IgE levels of non-parasitized carp. The recommendation for consumers is that although the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were well below 1, they should be mindful of the risk in their daily fish intake
Narzędzia oparte na AI w edukacji: postawy i dylematy w świetle badań
Get PDFThe article discusses the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational context, its potential benefits, as well as the challenges related to its implementation. AI has the capability to personalize the learning process, facilitate access to educational resources, and automate routine tasks, such as grading and monitoring students' progress. However, concerns also arise regarding data privacy, ethics, and the impact on teacher-student interaction, which is key in the traditional education model. The article analyzes the results of research conducted in five groups, including students, teachers, university students, lecturers, and business representatives. These findings reveal diverse approaches to using AI in education, highlighting a generally positive attitude towards technology but emphasizing the need for precise regulations. The analysis shows that most respondents recognize AI’s potential to transform education, although teachers and lecturers remain cautious about its use, particularly in the context of creating assignments. The article's recommendations point to the necessity of developing guidelines and standards governing the use of AI in education, as well as providing support for teachers and students in the ethical and responsible use of this technology.W artykule omówiono znaczenie sztucznej inteligencji (AI) w kontekście edukacyjnym, jej potencjalne korzyści, a także wyzwania związane z jej implementacją. AI ma zdolność personalizowania procesu nauczania, ułatwiając dostęp do materiałów edukacyjnych oraz automatyzując rutynowe zadania, takie jak ocenianie i monitorowanie postępów uczniów. Jednak pojawiają się również obawy o prywatność danych, etykę oraz wpływ na interakcję między nauczycielem a uczniem, która jest kluczowa w tradycyjnym modelu edukacji. W artykule omówiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w pięciu grupach, obejmujących uczniów, nauczycieli, studentów, wykładowców oraz przedstawicieli biznesu. Wyniki te pokazują zróżnicowane podejścia do wykorzystywania AI w edukacji, wskazując na ogólnie pozytywne nastawienie wobec tej technologii, jednak z uwzględnieniem potrzeby precyzyjnych regulacji. Z analizy wynika, że większość badanych dostrzega potencjał AI do transformacji edukacji, jednak nauczyciele i wykładowcy pozostają ostrożni wobec jej wykorzystania, szczególnie w kontekście przygotowywania prac zaliczeniowych. Rekomendacje zawarte w artykule wskazują na konieczność opracowania wytycznych i norm regulujących korzystanie z AI w edukacji, a także wsparcia dla nauczycieli i uczniów w zakresie etycznego i odpowiedzialnego korzystania z tej technologii