University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Legal nature of the Polish financial supervision authority announcement
Get PDFThe main issue of the article is to present the legal nature of the PFSA (KNF) Announcement. The KNF’s Announcement should therefore be treated as a type of “information message” or, in other words, an “instrument of communication with the market” that fulfils supervisory purposes and whose value is to present a specific supervisory position to market trading participants in areas that are key for the supervisor. The crucial author’s thesis are the following. Firstly, it is important to underline that this instrument cannot be used for purposes other than conveying “supervisory expectations” towards trading participants. Secondly, there is no clear legal basis for the KNF to issue Announcements, which are then published on the website of this office. Therefore, this case requires the intervention of the legislator, which should be treated as a de lege ferenda conclusion of this article. The regulation area analyzed in this article has never been the subject of scientific research before, which confirms the originality and novelty of the article. The research methodology adopted in the article was based on the analysis of the regulations, analysis of the literature and court’s verdicts
Cultural and Educational Institutions as Agents of Meaning and Resilience in Wartime Ukraine: a Postmodern Perspective
Get PDFTransformational changes that Ukrainian society has undergone since the collapse of the USSR are fundamentally changing the nature of all social institutions (politics, economics, culture). In the context of this social transition, all social institutions and spheres of public life (including culture) require rethinking based on principles that correspond to the modern postmodern era. In particular, in the new socio-historic conditions, the sphere of culture and its institutions are transforming from an economically-dependent sphere of society into a leading factor in the development of public life.In order to confirm or refute this hypothesis, within the framework of the archetypal methodology, approaches and understanding of the founder and followers of analytical psychology of the Swiss C.G. Jung, the ideas of other postmodernists, as well as the results of monitoring studies of psychosocial (societal) changes in Ukrainian society (1992–2025), on June 13, 2025, together with the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Zhytomyr Regional Administration, Serhiy Korolev National Museum of Cosmonautics and with the participation of representatives of institutions and organizations in the sphere of culture of the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine, using the American methodology “World Cafe,” the authors of the article conducted a search quest called “The Mission of Culture in the Modern Postmodern World and in Ukraine.
The Smart Power Tradition in the Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War Using the Example of Local Self-Government
Get PDFThis article deals with the validation of the smart-power tradition in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The analysis of scientific research and publications shows that foreign and domestic scientists actively study the phenomenon of ‘smart power’. It is determined that Ukraine’s transition to a postmodern society is filled with complex, contradictory, emergent, but innovative phenomena. Tradition has been shown to be a force for radical renewal and the assertion of ultimate perfection, and its legitimacy has a significant impact on the ability and efficacy of state power. Simultaneously, the ‘smart power’ idea, which encompasses both hard and soft power resources in times of conflict, is a societal archetype whose integrity is comprised of both conservative and creative elements.
Using the example of local self-government, in light of the continuing decentralization reform, the application of both authoritarian and democratic patterns seen under martial law is taken into consideration. The findings of a poll carried out by the Razumkov’s Center in 2025 were examined to determine the degree to which social and state institutions are impacted. It was found that under wartime circumstances, some restrictions are necessary, so the use of the ‘smart power’ tradition makes it expedient to combine and use the elements of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ power.
 
Fatigue of oncological patients – incompatible perspectives of patients and medical staf
Get PDFBackground:Cancer-related fatigue is a complex syndrome and the most frequently reported complaint, especially during treatment. Sometimes a large discrepancy in patient fatigue estimations between the patients themselves and medical staff is observed. The main goal of this study was to compare fatigue from the patients’ and the medical staff’s perspectives.Participants and procedure:The methods used included author-designed surveys for both the patient (questions about fatigue, intensity, causes and influence on life constructed mostly in the form of numerical rating scales) and the medical staff (the same questions on the perception of the patient’s fatigue), the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and the EORTC QLQ-C30. The study involved 51 cancer patients during chemotherapy treatment.Results:For 63% of the subjects, there was convergence of fatigue assessments made by patients and staff. Differences were visible in the staff’s and patients’ assessment of the intensity of fatigue experienced by the patients. The simple question “Are you fatigued (yes or no)?” corresponded to all questionnaires and scales in the case of patients. The equivalent question to the staff, “Is the patient fatigued (yes or no)?”, corresponded only to the patients’ current assessment of fatigue and with no other score on the questionnaire or scale that the patients filled out about their fatigue. Also, patients identified more causes of fatigue and staff overestimated the influence of chemotherapy on fatigue. Of the patient subjects, 51.4% did not know of any ways to cope with fatigue, and most of them talked about it only to family and friends.Conclusions:Despite existing recommendations on the need to screen and educate patients in this matter, the issue of fatigue still requires attention.Background:Cancer-related fatigue is a complex syndrome and the most frequently reported complaint, especially during treatment. Sometimes a large discrepancy in patient fatigue estimations between the patients themselves and medical staff is observed. The main goal of this study was to compare fatigue from the patients’ and the medical staff’s perspectives.Participants and procedure:The methods used included author-designed surveys for both the patient (questions about fatigue, intensity, causes and influence on life constructed mostly in the form of numerical rating scales) and the medical staff (the same questions on the perception of the patient’s fatigue), the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and the EORTC QLQ-C30. The study involved 51 cancer patients during chemotherapy treatment.Results:For 63% of the subjects, there was convergence of fatigue assessments made by patients and staff. Differences were visible in the staff’s and patients’ assessment of the intensity of fatigue experienced by the patients. The simple question “Are you fatigued (yes or no)?” corresponded to all questionnaires and scales in the case of patients. The equivalent question to the staff, “Is the patient fatigued (yes or no)?”, corresponded only to the patients’ current assessment of fatigue and with no other score on the questionnaire or scale that the patients filled out about their fatigue. Also, patients identified more causes of fatigue and staff overestimated the influence of chemotherapy on fatigue. Of the patient subjects, 51.4% did not know of any ways to cope with fatigue, and most of them talked about it only to family and friends.Conclusions:Despite existing recommendations on the need to screen and educate patients in this matter, the issue of fatigue still requires attention
Typology of parents with alcohol consumption: insights from cluster analysis on psychopathology and parenting experiences
Get PDFBackground:Studies have highlighted the negative impact of parental drinking on offspring, but the perception of drinking parents about their parenting role remains poorly explored. This study assessed the parental sense of competence among individuals with alcohol consumption and examined the relationship with parental guilt, burnout, and psychopathological symptoms.Participants and procedure:The sample was composed of 759 individuals who had at least one child aged below 18 living at home. Participants answered questionnaires measuring alcohol consumption, parental sense of competence, parental burnout and guilt, and psychopathological symptoms (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD).Results:An analysis comparing participants having low/no alcohol consumption with those having higher consumption showed that parents of the latter group had lower scores of perceived parental competence, higher scores of parental guilt and burnout, and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. A cluster analysis was performed in the subsample with higher alcohol consumption. This identified a cluster (“High”) with participants scoring well above the mean in psychopathology, while another cluster (“Low”) included individuals scoring below the mean. The “High” cluster, compared to the “Low” cluster, exhibited lower scores in sense of competence, higher burnout and guilt, and higher alcohol use, with large effect sizes.Conclusions:In conclusion, parents with higher alcohol consumption perceived themselves as less competent and experienced more significant mental health challenges. However, among those parents, cluster analysis identified one group with higher psychopathology and negative parenting experiences coexisting with another group having lower psychopathology and more positive parenting experiences, suggesting a contrasted typology in parents with higher alcohol consumption.Background:Studies have highlighted the negative impact of parental drinking on offspring, but the perception of drinking parents about their parenting role remains poorly explored. This study assessed the parental sense of competence among individuals with alcohol consumption and examined the relationship with parental guilt, burnout, and psychopathological symptoms.Participants and procedure:The sample was composed of 759 individuals who had at least one child aged below 18 living at home. Participants answered questionnaires measuring alcohol consumption, parental sense of competence, parental burnout and guilt, and psychopathological symptoms (anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD).Results:An analysis comparing participants having low/no alcohol consumption with those having higher consumption showed that parents of the latter group had lower scores of perceived parental competence, higher scores of parental guilt and burnout, and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. A cluster analysis was performed in the subsample with higher alcohol consumption. This identified a cluster (“High”) with participants scoring well above the mean in psychopathology, while another cluster (“Low”) included individuals scoring below the mean. The “High” cluster, compared to the “Low” cluster, exhibited lower scores in sense of competence, higher burnout and guilt, and higher alcohol use, with large effect sizes.Conclusions:In conclusion, parents with higher alcohol consumption perceived themselves as less competent and experienced more significant mental health challenges. However, among those parents, cluster analysis identified one group with higher psychopathology and negative parenting experiences coexisting with another group having lower psychopathology and more positive parenting experiences, suggesting a contrasted typology in parents with higher alcohol consumption
Validation of the Polish version of the Dyadic Trust Scale
Get PDFBackground:The aim of the research was to adapt the Dyadic Trust Scale – a tool for studying individuals engaged in close relationships, originally developed by Larzelere and Huston. Trust operationalized as the subjective experience of benevolence and honesty from one’s partner served as the central construct under investigation.Participants and procedure:A total of 208 participants involved in emotionally intimate relationships were examined. The successive stages of the research procedure related to the verification of the tool for Polish conditions are presented. Evaluation of the psychometric properties encompassed the assessment of both its validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis, adopted for the single-factor approach, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS version 28 and SPSS Amos.Results:The conducted statistical analyses provided evidence for a unidimensional structure consisting of five statements. The minimum score that can be obtained by the individual is 5 points, and the maximum is 35 points. The higher the overall score is, the greater is the trust in the dyad. It turned out that the Polish version of the Dyadic Trust Scale is accurate and reliable.Conclusions:The Dyadic Trust Scale can be used in scientific research investigating trust dynamics within the partners in a dyad. Its usefulness justifies recognizing trust as crucial for building and maintaining close relationships.Background:The aim of the research was to adapt the Dyadic Trust Scale – a tool for studying individuals engaged in close relationships, originally developed by Larzelere and Huston. Trust operationalized as the subjective experience of benevolence and honesty from one’s partner served as the central construct under investigation.Participants and procedure:A total of 208 participants involved in emotionally intimate relationships were examined. The successive stages of the research procedure related to the verification of the tool for Polish conditions are presented. Evaluation of the psychometric properties encompassed the assessment of both its validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis, adopted for the single-factor approach, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS version 28 and SPSS Amos.Results:The conducted statistical analyses provided evidence for a unidimensional structure consisting of five statements. The minimum score that can be obtained by the individual is 5 points, and the maximum is 35 points. The higher the overall score is, the greater is the trust in the dyad. It turned out that the Polish version of the Dyadic Trust Scale is accurate and reliable.Conclusions:The Dyadic Trust Scale can be used in scientific research investigating trust dynamics within the partners in a dyad. Its usefulness justifies recognizing trust as crucial for building and maintaining close relationships
Investigation of asymmetry in sagitta otolith features in relation to total length in Lethrinus species from the Red Sea coast of Yemen
Get PDFThis study aimed to investigate the asymmetry in otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW) and otolith weight (OWe) in relation to total body length in 224 fish samples of Lethrinus borbonicus, L. letnjan and L. mahsena collected from the Red Sea coast of the Republic of Yemen. The results showed that the irregularity of OWe was greater than that of OL and OW. The degree of disproportionality in the three otolith features increased with the growth in the fish size. The likely reason for the asymmetry in the otolith parameters explored has been discussed in relation to the inconsistency in development provoked by territorial influence linked to the discrepancies in water temperature, salinity, depth, and impurities found in the southern Red Sea water system.This study aimed to investigate the asymmetry in otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW) and otolith weight (OWe) in relation to total body length in 224 fish samples of Lethrinus borbonicus, L. letnjan and L. mahsena collected from the Red Sea coast of the Republic of Yemen. The results showed that the irregularity of OWe was greater than that of OL and OW. The degree of disproportionality in the three otolith features increased with the growth in the fish size. The likely reason for the asymmetry in the otolith parameters explored has been discussed in relation to the inconsistency in development provoked by territorial influence linked to the discrepancies in water temperature, salinity, depth, and impurities found in the southern Red Sea water system
Wpływ programu Erasmus+ na życie studentów oczami uczestników: badanie ankietowe i studia przypadków
Get PDFArtykuł analizuje wpływ programu Erasmus+ na życie studentów z różnych krajów, zarówno pod względem rozwoju osobistego, jak i zawodowego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania ankietowego oraz studiów przypadków ukazano, jakie motywacje kierują studentami decydującymi się na udział w wymianie, jakie kompetencje rozwijają oraz z jakimi wyzwaniami się mierzą. Studium przypadku Petara Pitalo i Julii Korulczyk dodatkowo pokazuje, jak udział w programie może wpłynąć na decyzje życiowe i inspirować do tworzenia własnych inicjatyw
Sztuczna inteligencja w przedsiębiorstwach - czy trzeba się bać?
Get PDFGłówny temat w świecie technologii to sztuczna inteligencja, która dzięki dynamicznemu rozwojowi przenika na rynki i jest wprowadzana do przedsiębiorstw. Wpływa ona na efektywność, wydajność i obniżanie kosztów. Badania wskazują na znaczący wpływ sztucznej inteligencji na gospodarkę światową i wzrost konkurencyjności. Jednak w Polsce realny obraz sztucznej inteligencji różni się od oczekiwanego. W artykule ukazane zostały przykłady rozwiązań problemów związanych z implementacją AI, a także odpowiedziano na pytanie, czy należy się bać sztucznej inteligencji
Droga do lepszej wersji siebie – wytyczne etyczne dotyczące sztucznej inteligencji w edukacji
Get PDFThis article examines the ethical and practical implications of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), focusing on its impact on human values and relationships. While AI offers benefits such as personalized learning and improved academic outcomes, it also poses risks such as reduced critical thinking, over-reliance, and privacy concerns. The loss of creativity, embodied learning, and authentic human connection are highlighted as significant concerns. The role of the human teacher remains essential in fostering personal development and social-emotional learning. The FIRE initiative (Forum for the International Renewal of Education) aims to integrate ethics, well-being, and 21st-century skills into AI-based education. A central theme is the alignment of AI with core values such as empathy, resilience, and integrity. Ultimately, the article advocates for a human-centred approach where AI supports, rather than replaces human growth through community and relationships. Artykuł analizuje etyczne i praktyczne implikacje zastosowania sztucznej inteligencji w edukacji (AIED), koncentrując się na jej wpływie na wartości ludzkie i relacje międzyludzkie. Choć AI oferuje korzyści, takie jak spersonalizowane nauczanie i poprawa wyników w nauce, niesie również ze sobą zagrożenia, takie jak ograniczenie myślenia krytycznego, nadmierne uzależnienie oraz obawy związane z prywatnością. Podkreślono także utratę kreatywności, uczenia ucieleśnionego oraz autentycznego kontaktu międzyludzkiego jako istotne problemy. Rola nauczyciela jako człowieka pozostaje kluczowa w promowaniu rozwoju osobistego oraz nauki społeczno-emocjonalnej. Inicjatywa FIRE (Forum for the International Renewal of Education) ma na celu integrację etyki, dobrostanu oraz kompetencji XXI wieku w edukacji opartej na AI. Głównym tematem artykułu jest zgodność sztucznej inteligencji z fundamentalnymi wartościami, takimi jak empatia, odporność i uczciwość. Ostatecznie artykuł opowiada się za podejściem skoncentrowanym na człowieku, w którym AI wspiera – a nie zastępuje – ludzki rozwój poprzez wspólnotę i relacje.