University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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‘You feel a little bit invisible really’: a thematic analysis exploring self-perceptions and stereotypes experienced by working women aged 60 and over with a focus on lower paid roles
Full text linkBackground:Research shows that older women are negatively affected by accumulated life stress and inequalities over the life course, and this disproportionately impacts wellbeing, cognition and health. Women of different age groups across Europe have been found to have more diverse and less regular employment histories than men, and older women have been found to face significant challenges in navigating their work-life balance. In the UK, women’s pension age has been harmonised, and they are more likely than men to extend their working life.Participants and procedure:Semi-structured interviews were used to explore self-perceptions of women in the workplace and how they socially construct their identity in an opportunity sample (N = 19) of women aged 60 and over with a focus on those in lower paid and part time roles. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results:Themes identified across the dataset relating to self-perceptions concerned the workplace identity as a woman over 60 years old: positive and negative drivers to age-positive identity in work were experienced by women in the workplace including being seen as ‘invisible’, excluded by colleagues, or, not viewing themselves as ‘old’; and, positive self-beliefs related to the need to promote positive social norms concerning ageing as a woman, not seeing age as a barrier and challenging unhelpful stereotypes in the workplace.Conclusions:There is limited evidence regarding how older women perceive themselves and are perceived in contemporary workplaces, so this knowledge is crucial for understanding experiences of older women to enhance practice and policy.Background:Research shows that older women are negatively affected by accumulated life stress and inequalities over the life course, and this disproportionately impacts wellbeing, cognition and health. Women of different age groups across Europe have been found to have more diverse and less regular employment histories than men, and older women have been found to face significant challenges in navigating their work-life balance. In the UK, women’s pension age has been harmonised, and they are more likely than men to extend their working life.Participants and procedure:Semi-structured interviews were used to explore self-perceptions of women in the workplace and how they socially construct their identity in an opportunity sample (N = 19) of women aged 60 and over with a focus on those in lower paid and part time roles. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results:Themes identified across the dataset relating to self-perceptions concerned the workplace identity as a woman over 60 years old: positive and negative drivers to age-positive identity in work were experienced by women in the workplace including being seen as ‘invisible’, excluded by colleagues, or, not viewing themselves as ‘old’; and, positive self-beliefs related to the need to promote positive social norms concerning ageing as a woman, not seeing age as a barrier and challenging unhelpful stereotypes in the workplace.Conclusions:There is limited evidence regarding how older women perceive themselves and are perceived in contemporary workplaces, so this knowledge is crucial for understanding experiences of older women to enhance practice and policy
The dark core and honesty-humility: (nearly) perfectly correlated yet distinct constructs. A proof by comparing their relations with self-reported revengefulness
Full text linkBackground
The traits constituting the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are expected to share a common dark core (i.e., antisocial attitudes towards others). However, there is an ongoing debate about whether the dark core is an independent construct or whether it falls within broader categories of personality (i.e., low honesty-humility). Previous research has been sceptical regarding the Dark Triad’s incremental value as it is seen as redundant and adding little to traditional personality models. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the overlap and distinctiveness of the latent Dark Triad from honesty/ humility.
Participants and procedure
The sample consisted of 677 participants aged 18 to 55 years old – 551 women (Mage = 22.57, SDage = 4.31), 111 men (Mage = 23.66, SDage = 5.32), and 15 non-binary people (Mage = 24.67, SDage = 3.42). Participants were recruited using social media and completed questionnaires anonymously through the LimeSurvey online platform.
Results
We replicated existing findings regarding the nearly perfect latent relationship between the dark core and honesty-humility using a broader array of measures of the Dark Triad traits. We also provided some evidence that the dark core and honesty-humility, despite being highly related, differ in terms of construct validity.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that claims positing complete convergence between these two constructs might be premature. However, future research examining different types of validity is needed.Background
The traits constituting the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are expected to share a common dark core (i.e., antisocial attitudes towards others). However, there is an ongoing debate about whether the dark core is an independent construct or whether it falls within broader categories of personality (i.e., low honesty-humility). Previous research has been sceptical regarding the Dark Triad’s incremental value as it is seen as redundant and adding little to traditional personality models. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the overlap and distinctiveness of the latent Dark Triad from honesty/ humility.
Participants and procedure
The sample consisted of 677 participants aged 18 to 55 years old – 551 women (Mage = 22.57, SDage = 4.31), 111 men (Mage = 23.66, SDage = 5.32), and 15 non-binary people (Mage = 24.67, SDage = 3.42). Participants were recruited using social media and completed questionnaires anonymously through the LimeSurvey online platform.
Results
We replicated existing findings regarding the nearly perfect latent relationship between the dark core and honesty-humility using a broader array of measures of the Dark Triad traits. We also provided some evidence that the dark core and honesty-humility, despite being highly related, differ in terms of construct validity.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that claims positing complete convergence between these two constructs might be premature. However, future research examining different types of validity is needed
Socio-cognitive determinants affecting insulin adherence/non-adherence in late adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review
Full text linkNon-adherence to insulin treatment is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the socio-cognitive determinants (SCDs) of adherence in AYAs with T1D are less frequently represented in systematic reviews. This systematic review aimed to investigate the key SCDs associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in AYAs in the age range of 17-24 years with T1D. A systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted. The search took place from 2021, to January 1st, 2022, and was repeated on June 5-7, 2022 and from July 18 to July 24, 2023. The methodological quality of stud-ies was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Six articles representing 973 AYAs with T1D were included for data extraction. The identified SCDs included risk perceptions, attitude, family and friends’ social support, self-efficacy, and information factors. However, there was inconsistency in correlational findings among studies. The identified SCDs influencing insulin adherence in AYAs with T1D could serve as targets for patients’ consultations and tailored interventions to improve adherence and overall health outcomes, as well as for policymakers to integrate these interventions into diabetes care planning. However, further research in the area of factors affecting insulin adherence in quality-designed studies that use detailed and comprehensive measures for assessing adherence is needed.Non-adherence to insulin treatment is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the socio-cognitive determinants (SCDs) of adherence in AYAs with T1D are less frequently represented in systematic reviews. This systematic review aimed to investigate the key SCDs associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in AYAs in the age range of 17-24 years with T1D. A systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted. The search took place from 2021, to January 1st, 2022, and was repeated on June 5-7, 2022 and from July 18 to July 24, 2023. The methodological quality of stud-ies was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Six articles representing 973 AYAs with T1D were included for data extraction. The identified SCDs included risk perceptions, attitude, family and friends’ social support, self-efficacy, and information factors. However, there was inconsistency in correlational findings among studies. The identified SCDs influencing insulin adherence in AYAs with T1D could serve as targets for patients’ consultations and tailored interventions to improve adherence and overall health outcomes, as well as for policymakers to integrate these interventions into diabetes care planning. However, further research in the area of factors affecting insulin adherence in quality-designed studies that use detailed and comprehensive measures for assessing adherence is needed
Terapia dziecka z zespołem Westa i niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu głębokim - studium przypadku
Full text linkWorking with a child with profound intellectual disabilities is a challenge for any therapist. Due to various and numerous limitations, including in the area of communication, it is necessary to make a reliable functional diagnosis and plan interventions based on its results and observations of the child. Therapy should take into account work at the sensory level and reach out to the three basic somatosensory systems: prioception (deep sensory system), touch (surface sensory system) and the vestibular system (balance). Additional difficulties in therapeutic work are the presence of various genetic, metabolic or other syndromes that make working with a child much more difficult. This article is a description of a slice of work with a child with West syndrome and profound intellectual disabilities.Praca z dzieckiem z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu głębokim jest wyzwaniem dla każdego terapeuty. Ze względu na różne i liczne ograniczenia, w tym w zakresie komunikacji, konieczna jest rzetelna diagnoza funkcjonalna oraz zaplanowanie oddziaływań na podstawie jej wyników i obserwacji dziecka. Terapia powinna uwzględniać pracę na poziomie zmysłów oraz sięgać do trzech podstawowych systemów somatosensorycznych: propriocepcji (systemu czucia głębokiego), dotyku (systemu czucia powierzchniowego) oraz układu przedsionkowego (równowagi). Dodatkowymi trudnościami w pracy terapeutycznej jest występowanie różnych zespołów genetycznych, metabolicznych lub innych chorób, które znacznie utrudniają pracę z dzieckiem. Niniejszy artykuł jest opisem wycinka pracy z dzieckiem z zespołem Westa i niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu głębokim
Excess seawater salinity in the Puck Lagoon, a shallow part of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea)
Full text linkNew detailed results on seawater salinity in the shallow part of Puck Bay (Puck Lagoon) obtained during the summer of 2020–2022 are presented. Water with salinity >7.5 g∙kg−1, even up to 7.7 g∙kg−1, occupied most of the lagoon area. The water in Puck Lagoon was clearly more saline than the water in the surface layer in the deep part of Puck Bay. A hypothesis is formulated that the observed increase in salinity in the Puck Lagoon was caused by sea surface evaporation when precipitation was distinctly reduced.New detailed results on seawater salinity in the shallow part of Puck Bay (Puck Lagoon) obtained during the summer of 2020–2022 are presented. Water with salinity >7.5 g∙kg−1, even up to 7.7 g∙kg−1, occupied most of the lagoon area. The water in Puck Lagoon was clearly more saline than the water in the surface layer in the deep part of Puck Bay. A hypothesis is formulated that the observed increase in salinity in the Puck Lagoon was caused by sea surface evaporation when precipitation was distinctly reduced
Russia-Ukraine war: can Africa reconstruct diplomatic variables with African leaders peace initiative?
Full text linkThis paper examined selected African leaders’ peace initiative in the Russian-Ukrainian war. The issues in the war which formed the background were investigated. The matters that arose from the African leaders’ peace initiative were also discussed. Thus, capacity constraint was at the fore of the challenges and limitations. Other investigated issues were: What prompted the African leaders’ peace initiative and what was the content? What were the challenges and limitations? What were the implications of the war on Africa’s politics, economy and security? The conflict theory, realism theory and theory of good office were selected as the theoretical frameworks applied in the analysis of this paper, while data were gathered from secondary sources. The paper argues that although African leaders’ intervention was novel in global politics, the limitations arose due to capacity constraints and the character of the leaders which imposed difficulties that rendered the attempt to engender peace between the belligerents impossible. It is recommended that for Africa to be an effective player in global politics, it must purge itself of the numerous challenges that act as inhibitions such as corruption, insecurity, lack of industrialization, unstable economy, and inability to install acceptable and legitimate government through free, fair and credible elections
Modern Onboarding Tools as a Means of Stabilizing Organizational Staff
Full text linkThe article explores the role of modern onboarding tools as a means of stabilizing organizational staff in competitive markets. It emphasizes the importance of human resource management and onboarding processes in enhancing employee engagement, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness. The study highlights the lack of technological refinement and clear guidelines in onboarding processes in many companies. Through a comprehensive analysis, the authors identify and classify various onboarding models, such as traditional, situational, group, and virtual mentoring. They also emphasize the need for socialization and adaptation measures, including creating detailed adaptation plans, conducting team-building exercises, and integrating mentorship programs. The research is based on a survey conducted among employees of SPC “Advismash” LLC, which identified onboarding challenges such as lack of information and insufficient managerial support. Recommendations are made to improve onboarding through pre-employment procedures, mentorship systems, and structured adaptation programs. These measures aim to reduce staff turnover, improve employee morale, and foster a positive organizational culture
Self-talk as a mediator in the relationship between perfectionism and body image: a study of Polish women with overweight and obesity in the process of losing weight
Full text linkBackground:A negative body image often stems from high standards in the physical domain and perfectionism, which leads to upsetting self-related experiences. Under these circumstances, self-talk may be a self-regulatory strategy. Therefore, we tested whether the relationship between perfectionism and body image was mediated by different types of self-talk.Participants and procedure:Participants were 214 women with overweight or obesity in the process of losing weight. They completed the Body Attitude Test, the Self-Talk Scale, and the Polish Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Questionnaire.Results:We found two parallel mediators in the analyzed relationship. Maladaptive perfectionism: (a) favored self-critical self-talk, which resulted in a negative body image; (b) decreased the chance of self-reinforcing self-talk, which could have prevented a negative body image from developing. Contrary to our hypothesis, social-assessing self-talk was not a mediator in this relationship.Conclusions:Replication of the result that social-assessing self-talk is not a mediator in the studied relationship may be of great importance for psychological practice. It means that the unfavorable assessment of our body by others will not be a source of our negative body image as long as we do not begin to criticize ourselves and block praise directed at ourselves. Minimizing self-critical self-talk and replacing it with self-reinforcing self-talk may prove to be a promising path in therapeutic work to improve body image.Background:A negative body image often stems from high standards in the physical domain and perfectionism, which leads to upsetting self-related experiences. Under these circumstances, self-talk may be a self-regulatory strategy. Therefore, we tested whether the relationship between perfectionism and body image was mediated by different types of self-talk.Participants and procedure:Participants were 214 women with overweight or obesity in the process of losing weight. They completed the Body Attitude Test, the Self-Talk Scale, and the Polish Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Questionnaire.Results:We found two parallel mediators in the analyzed relationship. Maladaptive perfectionism: (a) favored self-critical self-talk, which resulted in a negative body image; (b) decreased the chance of self-reinforcing self-talk, which could have prevented a negative body image from developing. Contrary to our hypothesis, social-assessing self-talk was not a mediator in this relationship.Conclusions:Replication of the result that social-assessing self-talk is not a mediator in the studied relationship may be of great importance for psychological practice. It means that the unfavorable assessment of our body by others will not be a source of our negative body image as long as we do not begin to criticize ourselves and block praise directed at ourselves. Minimizing self-critical self-talk and replacing it with self-reinforcing self-talk may prove to be a promising path in therapeutic work to improve body image
Psychological and sexual functioning of persons suffering from post-SSRI sexual dysfunction – cases study
Full text linkBackground:Post-SSRI syndrome is a condition following the discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) where, despite ceasing to take the pharmacological agents, the effects persist – and they may develop upon drug initiation. While most research has focused on identifying and classifying the main somatic symptoms, the psychological consequences of post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD) syndrome are insufficiently explored.
Participants and procedure:The report presents descriptions of two cases of PSSD, as well as two contrasting cases in which the effects of taking SSRI drugs seem to have had a positive impact on the mental and sexual sphere.
Results:The results of the study indicate a wide range of sexual side effects of taking SSRI drugs. The four cases discussed are evidence, on the one hand, of the frequent occurrence of side effects in the form of sexual disorders that may persist without a guarantee of return to previous sexual performance. On the other hand, the presented cases show, in some situations, a positive increase in human sexual functioning.
Conclusions:The study provides new information on the discussed issue and at the same time highlights the still insufficient scientific knowledge on this topic. In light of the present results, further systematic research is needed to explore the pathogenesis of the syndrome and develop effective interventions and treatments. Subsequent research should take into account, in particular, clinical trials.Background:Post-SSRI syndrome is a condition following the discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) where, despite ceasing to take the pharmacological agents, the effects persist – and they may develop upon drug initiation. While most research has focused on identifying and classifying the main somatic symptoms, the psychological consequences of post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD) syndrome are insufficiently explored.Participants and procedure:The report presents descriptions of two cases of PSSD, as well as two contrasting cases in which the effects of taking SSRI drugs seem to have had a positive impact on the mental and sexual sphere.Results:The results of the study indicate a wide range of sexual side effects of taking SSRI drugs. The four cases discussed are evidence, on the one hand, of the frequent occurrence of side effects in the form of sexual disorders that may persist without a guarantee of return to previous sexual performance. On the other hand, the presented cases show, in some situations, a positive increase in human sexual functioning.Conclusions:The study provides new information on the discussed issue and at the same time highlights the still insufficient scientific knowledge on this topic. In light of the present results, further systematic research is needed to explore the pathogenesis of the syndrome and develop effective interventions and treatments. Subsequent research should take into account, in particular, clinical trials
Asystent osobisty osoby z niepełnosprawnością — charakterystyka zawodu i jego rola we wsparciu beneficjentów oraz ich rodzin
Full text linkThis article explores the characteristics of the profession of a personal assistant for individuals with disabilities, focusing on the significance of this role both for the beneficiaries of support programs and their close ones. It presents a description of the position, the requirements for candidates, and an analysis of statements from four individuals whose personal experiences are directly or indirectly related to this profession. These statements serve as empirical sources illustrating the realities of working with assistants.The profession of a personal assistant for individuals with disabilities plays a crucial social role, r quiring a high level of competence, empathy, responsibility, and patience, as confirmed during i terviews. The primary goal of personal assistance is to support individuals with disabilities in their daily functioning, while maintaining the principle of not taking over tasks they can perform themselves. Assistants provide help with tasks that may be challenging or impossible to complete independently, such as shopping, handling official matters, or participating in social and cultural life. The effects of this form of support include not only increased independence and self-esteem of the beneficiaries but also a reduction in the negative consequences of marginalization and social exclusion. As a result, personal assistance contributes to improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities, strengthening their autonomy, and reducing their sense of isolation.Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje charakterystykę zawodu asystenta osobistego osoby z niepełnosprawnością, koncentrując się na znaczeniu asystentury zarówno dla beneficjentów programów wsparcia, jak i ich bliskich. Przedstawiona zostaje charakterystyka stanowiska, wymagania stawiane kandydatom oraz analiza wypowiedzi czterech osób, których doświadczenia osobiste są bezpośrednio lub pośrednio związane z omawianą profesją. Wypowiedzi te stanowią źródło empiryczne, ilustrujące realia współpracy z asystentami. Zawód asystenta osoby z niepełnosprawnością pełni istotną funkcję społeczną, wymagając za- równo wysokiego poziomu kompetencji, empatii, jak i odpowiedzialności oraz cierpliwości, co zostało potwierdzone podczas rozmów. Głównym celem asystentury jest wsparcie osób z niepełnosprawnościami w codziennym funkcjonowaniu, przy czym kluczowe jest zachowanie zasady niewyręczania ich w wykonywaniu czynności. Asystenci wspierają w realizacji zadań, które mogą stanowić trudność lub być niemożliwe do samodzielnego wykonania, takich jak: robienie zakupów, załatwianie spraw urzędowych czy uczestnictwo w życiu społecznym i kulturalnym. Efektem tej formy wsparcia jest nie tylko zwiększenie samodzielności i samooceny beneficjentów, lecz także redukcja negatywnych konsekwencji wynikających z marginalizacji i wykluczenia społecznego. W konsekwencji, asystentura przyczynia się do poprawy jakości życia osób z niepełno- sprawnością, wzmacnia ich autonomię oraz ograniczenia poczucie izolacji