University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Modernistyczne tynki szlachetne w architekturze XX w.
Get PDFFine plaster was an essential material in modernist architecture of the 20th century. The right choice of components and the way in which the plaster was applied to the masonry allowed a variety of aesthetic effects. Due to the technological processing, there may be different types of the texture of plaster, e.g. scraped plaster. Regardless of the manner of the fine plasters, the preparation was a task that required the adequate knowledge and skills of the craftsman.Tynki szlachetne stanowiły ważny materiał w architekturze modernistycznej XX w. Pozwalały na opracowanie elewacji w duchu nowoczesnej estetyki stylu międzynarodowego. Odpowiedni dobór składników oraz sposób nanoszenia tynku na mur umożliwiały uzyskanie różnorodnych efektów estetycznych. Ze względu na obróbkę technologiczną da się wyróżnić zaprawy takie jak nakrapiana czy cyklinowana. Niezależnie od rodzaju wyprawy szlachetnej przygotowanie jej stanowiło zadanie wymagające od rzemieślnika odpowiednich umiejętności i przygotowania
A river, a man, and an animal: an ecocritical look at two Arthurian romances
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to examine the motif of the river in two Middle Dutch Arthurian chivalric romances, Roman van Walewein and Lanceloet en het hert met de witte voet. The rivers in both romances are presented as dangerous obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve a certain goal. The passages discussed indicate that the motif is often closely connected with the presence of the figure of an animal companion. The article focuses on the way horses, the fox, and the dog influence the river crossings described in the chivalric romances under discussion. The article analyses the role of the horses, who carry the knights to the other side on the river through deep waters, and the fox and the dog, who instead act as guides. By doing so, I look at the way nature is portrayed in medieval literature from a modern, ecocritical perspective. In order to do so, I reflect on the positive influence the presence of an animal exerts on the protagonists and on the process of facing the dangerous forces of nature. The article also looks at the relationship between animals and humans mirrored in the way the knights, the protagonists of medieval romances, cooperate with the animals accompanying them over the course of the adventure.The purpose of this article is to examine the motif of the river in two Middle Dutch Arthurian chivalric romances, Roman van Walewein and Lanceloet en het hert met de witte voet. The rivers in both romances are presented as dangerous obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve a certain goal. The passages discussed indicate that the motif is often closely connected with the presence of the figure of an animal companion. The article focuses on the way horses, the fox, and the dog influence the river crossings described in the chivalric romances under discussion. The article analyses the role of the horses, who carry the knights to the other side on the river through deep waters, and the fox and the dog, who instead act as guides. By doing so, I look at the way nature is portrayed in medieval literature from a modern, ecocritical perspective. In order to do so, I reflect on the positive influence the presence of an animal exerts on the protagonists and on the process of facing the dangerous forces of nature. The article also looks at the relationship between animals and humans mirrored in the way the knights, the protagonists of medieval romances, cooperate with the animals accompanying them over the course of the adventure
Rejestr czynszów komturstwa gdańskiego z okręgów lęborskiego i sulmińskiego (z końca 1433 lub 1434 r.)
Get PDFThe historical primary source has survived in fragmentary form (5 out of 6 pages), written on paper pages measuring 32 × 22 cm with a filigree decoration: an ox head with a flower. The pages are partially damaged; probably the corner was gnawed by mice, when the source was still rolled up in a scroll. The current order of pages was given after straightening them out in the archive; the configuration of the scroll has been reconstructed.The historical primary source has survived in fragmentary form (5 out of 6 pages), written on paper pages measuring 32 × 22 cm with a filigree decoration: an ox head with a flower. The pages are partially damaged; probably the corner was gnawed by mice, when the source was still rolled up in a scroll. The current order of pages was given after straightening them out in the archive; the configuration of the scroll has been reconstructed
Empathy types in medical and pedagogical professions
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The aim of the study was to find out whether certain types of empathy are over- or underrepresented in medical and educational professions. We used the following four types of empathy profiles: “Situation-dependent altruists”(A) have high affective and cognitive empathy aspects with high personal distress. “High-functioning empaths” (B) differ from pattern A by the low distress. People who have neither clear affective nor cognitive empathy traits, but are characterized by high distress, are “low neurotic empaths” (C). Types whose mean scores on all three aspects were below the mean are referred to as “low empaths” (D).
Participants and procedure
The sample consisted of 439 subjects. The group of medical professionals included doctors, nursing staff, and other medical staff. The group of educators included teachers, social pedagogues, educators, social workers and special needs teachers. We used the German version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy.
Results
The two occupational groups differed from each other non-significantly in their respective distribution. In the nursing staff sample, profile B is clearly overrepresented and profile C is clearly underrepresented. Nursing Staff therefore have a high level of emotional concern and perspective taking together with lower distress. Nurses and pedagogical staff occur in our sample most frequently in the empathic pattern A and B.
Conclusions
The typologization of empathy skills proved to be a good method of describing affective and cognitive aspects of empathy within a personality. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of empathy training, which is well established in medical education but virtually non-existent in pedagogical education. Background
The aim of the study was to find out whether certain types of empathy are over- or underrepresented in medical and educational professions. We used the following four types of empathy profiles: “Situation-dependent altruists”(A) have high affective and cognitive empathy aspects with high personal distress. “High-functioning empaths” (B) differ from pattern A by the low distress. People who have neither clear affective nor cognitive empathy traits, but are characterized by high distress, are “low neurotic empaths” (C). Types whose mean scores on all three aspects were below the mean are referred to as “low empaths” (D).
Participants and procedure
The sample consisted of 439 subjects. The group of medical professionals included doctors, nursing staff, and other medical staff. The group of educators included teachers, social pedagogues, educators, social workers and special needs teachers. We used the German version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to measure empathy.
Results
The two occupational groups differed from each other non-significantly in their respective distribution. In the nursing staff sample, profile B is clearly overrepresented and profile C is clearly underrepresented. Nursing Staff therefore have a high level of emotional concern and perspective taking together with lower distress. Nurses and pedagogical staff occur in our sample most frequently in the empathic pattern A and B.
Conclusions
The typologization of empathy skills proved to be a good method of describing affective and cognitive aspects of empathy within a personality. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of empathy training, which is well established in medical education but virtually non-existent in pedagogical education. 
The effect of childhood memories of happiness and peace on distress tolerance: the mediating role of emotional intelligence
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The main objectives of this study were to examine whether childhood memories of happiness and peace are associated with distress tolerance and to determine whether distress tolerance mediates the relationship between childhood memories of happiness and peace. We hypothesized that childhood memories of happiness and peace are directly and indirectly associated with distress tolerance through emotional intelligence.
Participants and procedure
Participants consisted of 538 individuals aged between 19 and 27 years and in emerging adulthood. Among these participants, 426 were female and 112 were male. The data collection tools used in this study included the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale. A multiple mediation model was analysed using the bootstrapping technique.
Results
Early memories of warmth and safety, other-focused emotion evaluation, self-focused emotion control, and distress tolerance were positively correlated. Early warm and safe memories were positively correlated with self-focused, other-focused, and self-regulated emotions. However, self-focused emotion appraisal did not substantially affect distress tolerance. Bootstrapping technique indicated that early memories of warmth and safeness increased otherfocused emotion appraisal and self-focused emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Early memories of warmth and safeness did not indirectly affect distress tolerance through self-focused emotion appraisal and otherfocused emotion regulation.
Conclusions
We found positive associations between distress tolerance, early warmth and safety memories, and other- and self-focused emotion regulation. Early memories of warmth and safeness directly raised distress tolerance, without mediation by self-focused emotion evaluation or other-focused emotion control.Background
The main objectives of this study were to examine whether childhood memories of happiness and peace are associated with distress tolerance and to determine whether distress tolerance mediates the relationship between childhood memories of happiness and peace. We hypothesized that childhood memories of happiness and peace are directly and indirectly associated with distress tolerance through emotional intelligence.
Participants and procedure
Participants consisted of 538 individuals aged between 19 and 27 years and in emerging adulthood. Among these participants, 426 were female and 112 were male. The data collection tools used in this study included the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale. A multiple mediation model was analysed using the bootstrapping technique.
Results
Early memories of warmth and safety, other-focused emotion evaluation, self-focused emotion control, and distress tolerance were positively correlated. Early warm and safe memories were positively correlated with self-focused, other-focused, and self-regulated emotions. However, self-focused emotion appraisal did not substantially affect distress tolerance. Bootstrapping technique indicated that early memories of warmth and safeness increased otherfocused emotion appraisal and self-focused emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Early memories of warmth and safeness did not indirectly affect distress tolerance through self-focused emotion appraisal and otherfocused emotion regulation.
Conclusions
We found positive associations between distress tolerance, early warmth and safety memories, and other- and self-focused emotion regulation. Early memories of warmth and safeness directly raised distress tolerance, without mediation by self-focused emotion evaluation or other-focused emotion control
Coping strategies and well-being among young Polish adults: the mediating role of inner dialogues
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In previous research, the fourteen coping strategies proposed by Carver have been assigned to two categories: adaptive (planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, using emotional and instrumental support, religion, and humor) and maladaptive (self-blame, denial, self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement, and substance use). Some studies have shown that the former correlate positively, while the latter correlate negatively with psychological well-being. The initiation of coping strategies seems to co-occur with the experience of uncertainty, which is typically accompanied by an inner dialogue. Different types of inner dialogues are related to wellbeing in different ways. This study aims to test whether identity and ruminative inner dialogues mediate the relationship between coping strategies and well-being.
Participants and procedure
Convenience sampling was used. The study was conducted through an online survey. Participants were 337 young adults (181 women and 156 men) aged 20-35 years. They completed the Brief-COPE Inventory, Psychological WellBeing Scale, and Internal Dialogical Activity Scale-Revised.
Results
It was found that ruminative inner dialogues mediate negative relationships between maladaptive coping strategies and well-being. Identity inner dialogues are mediators of positive relationships between adaptive coping strategies and well-being, with the exception of humor and using emotional support.
Conclusions
These findings can be used by mental health professionals in counseling and therapy. To enhance clients’ well-being, it is essential to strengthen their identity internal dialogues (associated with adaptive coping) and reduce their ruminative internal dialogues (associated with maladaptive strategies).Background
In previous research, the fourteen coping strategies proposed by Carver have been assigned to two categories: adaptive (planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, using emotional and instrumental support, religion, and humor) and maladaptive (self-blame, denial, self-distraction, venting, behavioral disengagement, and substance use). Some studies have shown that the former correlate positively, while the latter correlate negatively with psychological well-being. The initiation of coping strategies seems to co-occur with the experience of uncertainty, which is typically accompanied by an inner dialogue. Different types of inner dialogues are related to wellbeing in different ways. This study aims to test whether identity and ruminative inner dialogues mediate the relationship between coping strategies and well-being.
Participants and procedure
Convenience sampling was used. The study was conducted through an online survey. Participants were 337 young adults (181 women and 156 men) aged 20-35 years. They completed the Brief-COPE Inventory, Psychological WellBeing Scale, and Internal Dialogical Activity Scale-Revised.
Results
It was found that ruminative inner dialogues mediate negative relationships between maladaptive coping strategies and well-being. Identity inner dialogues are mediators of positive relationships between adaptive coping strategies and well-being, with the exception of humor and using emotional support.
Conclusions
These findings can be used by mental health professionals in counseling and therapy. To enhance clients’ well-being, it is essential to strengthen their identity internal dialogues (associated with adaptive coping) and reduce their ruminative internal dialogues (associated with maladaptive strategies)
