University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Czeskie stosunki oparte na porozumieniach o pracy świadczonej poza stosunkiem pracy jako elastyczne formy zatrudnienia w świetle ochrony pracownika
Get PDFThis article focuses on Czech labor law. Specifically, it deals with the regulation of relations based on agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship (an agreement to complete a job and an agreement to perform work), considered as flexible forms of employment. This article discusses the position of given relations within Czech labor law, as well as the evolution of the regulation of conditions for concluding such agreements and time limits on the scope of work performed on their basis. The main part of the article contains an analysis aimed at assessing whether the current form of legal regulation of the relations in question (after its 2023 amendment) maintains a reasonable level of protection for employees.Niniejsze opracowanie zostało poświęcone czeskiemu prawu pracy. W artykule skoncentrowano się na regulacjach stosunków opartych na porozumieniach o pracy świadczonej poza stosunkiem pracy (porozumienie o wykonaniu pracy oraz porozumienie o czynności pracowniczej), postrzeganych jako elastyczne formy zatrudnienia. Omówiono znaczenie danych relacji w ramach czeskiego prawa pracy, jak również genezę regulacji warunków zawierania porozumień oraz limitów czasowych zakresu pracy wykonywanej na ich podstawie. Zasadnicza część tekstu zawiera analizę zmierzającą do oceny, czy aktualna postać regulacji prawnej danych stosunków (po jej nowelizacji z roku 2023) utrzymuje rozsądny poziom ochrony pracowników
How do parental rearing behaviors relate to hostile attributions manifested by adolescents? The mediating role of narcissistic vulnerability
Get PDFBackground
Hostile attributions of intent are linked to externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents. Maladaptive parenting practices are believed to contribute to developing a hostile attributional style. However, there is limited empirical research on this topic. Similarly, research on narcissism often considers the impact of parentchild experiences, but there is a research gap concerning parenting behaviors and facets of narcissism development.
Participants and procedure
To address these gaps, we conducted a study with 268 teenagers (134 females) aged between 12 and 17 years. Our main goal was to investigate whether maladaptive parenting practices and two facets of vulnerable narcissism are associated with hostile attributions in adolescents. Additionally, based on previous literature, we tested whether narcissistic vulnerability and antagonism mediate the relationship between parental rearing behaviors and hostile attributions in teenagers.
Results
Our results revealed positive associations among all variables of interest. Importantly, we found that narcissistic vulnerability, but not antagonism, played a significant mediating role between maladaptive parenting practices and adolescents’ hostile attributional style.
Conclusions
By shedding light on the mechanisms behind developing a hostile attributional style, our study contributes to a better understanding of this issue and offers practical implications. Specifically, recognizing the importance of narcissistic vulnerability can benefit professionals working with adolescents who tend to make hostile attributions.Background
Hostile attributions of intent are linked to externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents. Maladaptive parenting practices are believed to contribute to developing a hostile attributional style. However, there is limited empirical research on this topic. Similarly, research on narcissism often considers the impact of parentchild experiences, but there is a research gap concerning parenting behaviors and facets of narcissism development.
Participants and procedure
To address these gaps, we conducted a study with 268 teenagers (134 females) aged between 12 and 17 years. Our main goal was to investigate whether maladaptive parenting practices and two facets of vulnerable narcissism are associated with hostile attributions in adolescents. Additionally, based on previous literature, we tested whether narcissistic vulnerability and antagonism mediate the relationship between parental rearing behaviors and hostile attributions in teenagers.
Results
Our results revealed positive associations among all variables of interest. Importantly, we found that narcissistic vulnerability, but not antagonism, played a significant mediating role between maladaptive parenting practices and adolescents’ hostile attributional style.
Conclusions
By shedding light on the mechanisms behind developing a hostile attributional style, our study contributes to a better understanding of this issue and offers practical implications. Specifically, recognizing the importance of narcissistic vulnerability can benefit professionals working with adolescents who tend to make hostile attributions
Positive and negative emotions in patients with Sudeck’s syndrome according to religiosity before and after the disease
Get PDFBackground:Sudeck’s syndrome is a chronic and painful disease that affects a significant number of people. Despite this, it is a disease little researched in general and even less in the field of the psychology of religion. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between religiosity and emotions in patients with Sudeck’s syndrome.Participants and procedure:The sample consisted of 80 people with Sudeck’s syndrome, 92.5% of whom were women. The average age of the partici-pants was 41.8 years, with a range of 23 to 60 years. Participants came from fourteen different countries in the Americas and Europe, including Spain (36.3%), Argentina (20%) and Peru (15%). A clinical and sociodemographic data sheet was used, as well as questions aimed at assessing the emotional state of the participants.Results:The results indicate that patients experienced a significant increase in anxiety and sadness after the diagnosis of the disease, while optimism and energy decreased significantly. On the other hand, no differences were found in positive or negative emotions in believing or non-believing patients.Conclusions:The data suggest that the diagnosis of Sudeck’s syndrome has a negative impact on the emotional health of individuals and that this is independent of whether the patient is a believer or non-believer. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.Background:Sudeck’s syndrome is a chronic and painful disease that affects a significant number of people. Despite this, it is a disease little researched in general and even less in the field of the psychology of religion. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between religiosity and emotions in patients with Sudeck’s syndrome.Participants and procedure:The sample consisted of 80 people with Sudeck’s syndrome, 92.5% of whom were women. The average age of the partici-pants was 41.8 years, with a range of 23 to 60 years. Participants came from fourteen different countries in the Americas and Europe, including Spain (36.3%), Argentina (20%) and Peru (15%). A clinical and sociodemographic data sheet was used, as well as questions aimed at assessing the emotional state of the participants.Results:The results indicate that patients experienced a significant increase in anxiety and sadness after the diagnosis of the disease, while optimism and energy decreased significantly. On the other hand, no differences were found in positive or negative emotions in believing or non-believing patients.Conclusions:The data suggest that the diagnosis of Sudeck’s syndrome has a negative impact on the emotional health of individuals and that this is independent of whether the patient is a believer or non-believer. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship
Quality of life and sexual attraction in physically active and inactive older people
Get PDFBackground:Human life expectancy should rise with a focus on enhancing quality of life, encompassing aspects such as physical activi-ty, sexuality, and self-acceptance, which significantly affect satisfaction and relationships. This study examined how life satisfaction, physical activity, and self-esteem related to sexual attractiveness in seniors contribute to their overall quality of life, especially concerning self-worth and relationships.Participants and procedure:A total of 99 individuals, composed of 75 women and 24 men aged between 60 and 81, participated in the additional offer from the University of the Third Age. These respondents were all part of the study. The Satisfaction with Life Scale, self-assessment in terms of sexual attractiveness and a scale of physical activity level created for the study were used. The participants completed the questionnaires before the classes from the expanded offer of the Gdansk University of the Third Age.Results:The highest correlation was observed between the level of physical activity and satisfaction with life. The study also showed a significant correlation between the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness and life satisfaction, and between the level of physical activity and the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness. Additionally, the results indicate a significantly higher level of self-esteem in terms of sexual attractiveness in men compared to women.Conclusions:The study emphasizes the role of positive self-perception, notably in sexual attractiveness, and higher physical activity levels in predicting life satisfaction, while differences in self-esteem between genders suggest a need for more exploration and soci-etal education, particularly among older generations.Background:Human life expectancy should rise with a focus on enhancing quality of life, encompassing aspects such as physical activi-ty, sexuality, and self-acceptance, which significantly affect satisfaction and relationships. This study examined how life satisfaction, physical activity, and self-esteem related to sexual attractiveness in seniors contribute to their overall quality of life, especially concerning self-worth and relationships.Participants and procedure:A total of 99 individuals, composed of 75 women and 24 men aged between 60 and 81, participated in the additional offer from the University of the Third Age. These respondents were all part of the study. The Satisfaction with Life Scale, self-assessment in terms of sexual attractiveness and a scale of physical activity level created for the study were used. The participants completed the questionnaires before the classes from the expanded offer of the Gdansk University of the Third Age.Results:The highest correlation was observed between the level of physical activity and satisfaction with life. The study also showed a significant correlation between the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness and life satisfaction, and between the level of physical activity and the self-assessment of sexual attractiveness. Additionally, the results indicate a significantly higher level of self-esteem in terms of sexual attractiveness in men compared to women.Conclusions:The study emphasizes the role of positive self-perception, notably in sexual attractiveness, and higher physical activity levels in predicting life satisfaction, while differences in self-esteem between genders suggest a need for more exploration and soci-etal education, particularly among older generations
Persons in helping professions in social assistance facilities and their fears related to COVID-19 using the example of Poland and Spain
Get PDFBackground:The aim of the research was to collect opinions on concerns related to COVID-19 among persons in helping professions in social assistance facilities.Participants and procedure:The study involved 407 people, including 207 from Poland and 200 from Spain (346 women and 61 men). The research tool was the authors’ questionnaire. Employees of social welfare institutions located in Poland and Spain were selected using purposive sampling. Respondents completed paper and electronic versions of the survey questionnaire.Results:The relationship between each helping profession and concerns about the threat to one’s own life and that of loved ones in connection with COVID-19, as well as the relationship between each profession and the fear that the financial situation would deteriorate due to COVID-19, showed a statistically significant relationship only in the study of employees from Poland. The relationship between each profession and the fear of losing one’s job due to COVID-19 showed a statistically significant result only in the study of employees from Spain.Conclusions:Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected employees in helping professions in social assistance institutions. Employees from Poland feared more that their financial situation would deteriorate, and felt a threat to their health and the health of their relatives and charges. On the other hand, many more workers from Spain expressed a fear of losing their jobs. Occupational therapists most often indicated fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic except for concerns about charges, which were expressed most often by psychologists.Background:The aim of the research was to collect opinions on concerns related to COVID-19 among persons in helping professions in social assistance facilities.Participants and procedure:The study involved 407 people, including 207 from Poland and 200 from Spain (346 women and 61 men). The research tool was the authors’ questionnaire. Employees of social welfare institutions located in Poland and Spain were selected using purposive sampling. Respondents completed paper and electronic versions of the survey questionnaire.Results:The relationship between each helping profession and concerns about the threat to one’s own life and that of loved ones in connection with COVID-19, as well as the relationship between each profession and the fear that the financial situation would deteriorate due to COVID-19, showed a statistically significant relationship only in the study of employees from Poland. The relationship between each profession and the fear of losing one’s job due to COVID-19 showed a statistically significant result only in the study of employees from Spain.Conclusions:Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected employees in helping professions in social assistance institutions. Employees from Poland feared more that their financial situation would deteriorate, and felt a threat to their health and the health of their relatives and charges. On the other hand, many more workers from Spain expressed a fear of losing their jobs. Occupational therapists most often indicated fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic except for concerns about charges, which were expressed most often by psychologists
Możliwości komunikacyjne dziecka z zespołem Downa w wieku szkolnym - studium przypadku
Get PDFFrom the beginning of its life, a child becomes a member of a certain social group. This journey begins with becoming part of the family. Over time, the child enters new environments, and the ability to communicate determines his or her satisfactory life in society. In the discussed path, the young person is accompanied by speech, which develops from the prenatal stage. The considerations presented in this article focus on the issue of Down syndrome. The presence of an additional chromosome in the 21 pair of chromosomes affects the overall functioning of a person experiencing Down syndrome in every aspect of his or her life. Language communication skills in children with trisomy 21 may manifest themselves in various ways. The presented research results show the communication capabilities of a school-age child with Down syndrome, thanks to the use of the individual case study method.Od początku swojego życia dziecko staje się członkiem pewnej grupy społecznej. Ta podróż rozpoczyna się od zostania częścią rodziny. Wraz z upływem czasu dziecko wnika do kolejnych środowisk, a zdolność do komunikowania się warunkuje jego satysfakcjonujące życie w społeczeństwie. W omawianej drodze młodemu człowiekowi towarzyszy mowa, która rozwija się już od etapu prenatalnego. Rozważania podjęte w niniejszym artykule skupiają się na problematyce syndromu Downa. Obecność dodatkowego chromosomu w 21 parze chromosomów wpływa na całościowe funkcjonowanie osoby doświadczającej zespołu Downa w każdym aspekcie jej życia. Umiejętności z zakresu językowego porozumiewania się u dzieci z trisomią 21 mogą przejawiać się w różny sposób. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań ukazują możliwości komunikacyjne dziecka z zespołem Downa w wieku szkolnym dzięki wykorzystaniu metody indywidualnego studium przypadku
Influence of a dam and tributaries on macrobenthos communities and ecological water quality in the Kebir–Rhumel wadi (Northeast Algeria)
Get PDFThe water-quality biomonitoring programs based on macroinvertebrates of the Kebir–Rhumel wadi remain limited. We assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and biological water quality to explore the impact of two discontinuities (a dam and a tributary) on biotic conditions. We sampled site communities above and below the Beni Haroun dam and in two tributaries in April, July, and November 2017. Sites above the dam had lower macroinvertebrate richness compared to reaches below the dam, while the tributaries had a relatively negligible effect on the confluence and mainstem communities. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa richness; Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (BI); Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP’) index; and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) demonstrate a fairly poor quality above the dam and a fair quality below it. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage procedure (SIMPER) analyses revealed dissimilar community structures, with pollution-tolerant and pollution-sensitive species most contributing to the dissimilarity between studied reaches. This study has suggested only small changes in macroinvertebrate structure downstream of the dam and no significant impact of tributaries on the mainstem community composition.The water-quality biomonitoring programs based on macroinvertebrates of the Kebir–Rhumel wadi remain limited. We assessed macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and biological water quality to explore the impact of two discontinuities (a dam and a tributary) on biotic conditions. We sampled site communities above and below the Beni Haroun dam and in two tributaries in April, July, and November 2017. Sites above the dam had lower macroinvertebrate richness compared to reaches below the dam, while the tributaries had a relatively negligible effect on the confluence and mainstem communities. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa richness; Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (BI); Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP’) index; and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) demonstrate a fairly poor quality above the dam and a fair quality below it. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and similarity percentage procedure (SIMPER) analyses revealed dissimilar community structures, with pollution-tolerant and pollution-sensitive species most contributing to the dissimilarity between studied reaches. This study has suggested only small changes in macroinvertebrate structure downstream of the dam and no significant impact of tributaries on the mainstem community composition
Star Trek: The Next Regeneration – czyli o tym, jak żaby nie są w tych tematach zielone
Get PDFPraca wskazuje szlaki sygnalizacyjne oraz czynniki transkrypcyjne i białka zaangażowane w regenerację u ludzi, aksolotli i żab Xenopus. Omówione jest działanie i wpływ na regenerację m.in. szlaków Hippo oraz Jak/Stat, genów Xetrov oraz Sox2/3, czynników takich jak melanokortyny Mc4r, interleukina 11, klf oraz udział komórek ROC. Opisane zostały drogi regeneracji kończyn, części układu nerwowego takich jak mózg, rdzeń nerwowy i nerw wzrokowy oraz narządów wewnętrznych jak serce czy wątroba u ww. organizmów . Autor wskazuje na ograniczenia regeneracji u żab Xenopus oraz porównuje umiejętności regeneracyjne człowieka. Wspomniane są aspekty ewolucyjne zaangażowane w tracenie niektórych cech przez ssaki oraz rozpatrywana jest możliwość wykorzystania umiejętności regeneracyjnych płazów i zaangażowanych w nie czynników do terapii przyszłości. Poruszona jest również tematyka obecnych nowatorskich terapii komórkowych oraz ich dalszy tor i niebezpieczeństwa z nimi związane.Praca wskazuje szlaki sygnalizacyjne oraz czynniki transkrypcyjne i białka zaangażowane w regenerację u ludzi, aksolotli i żab Xenopus. Omówione jest działanie i wpływ na regenerację m.in. szlaków Hippo oraz Jak/Stat, genów Xetrov oraz Sox2/3, czynników takich jak melanokortyny Mc4r, interleukina 11, klf oraz udział komórek ROC. Opisane zostały drogi regeneracji kończyn, części układu nerwowego takich jak mózg, rdzeń nerwowy i nerw wzrokowy oraz narządów wewnętrznych jak serce czy wątroba u ww. organizmów . Autor wskazuje na ograniczenia regeneracji u żab Xenopus oraz porównuje umiejętności regeneracyjne człowieka. Wspomniane są aspekty ewolucyjne zaangażowane w tracenie niektórych cech przez ssaki oraz rozpatrywana jest możliwość wykorzystania umiejętności regeneracyjnych płazów i zaangażowanych w nie czynników do terapii przyszłości. Poruszona jest również tematyka obecnych nowatorskich terapii komórkowych oraz ich dalszy tor i niebezpieczeństwa z nimi związane
Wojna cenowa sieci Lidl i Biedronka a wybory konsumentów - determinanty decyzji zakupowych w sektorze dyskontowym
Get PDFW artykule omówiono przekształcenia na rynku placówek handlowych w Polsce, strategie działania dyskontów na przykładzie sieci Lidl i Biedronka oraz najważniejsze kryteria zakupowe polskich konsumentów. Analiza ta pozwala lepiej zrozumieć mechanizmy funkcjonowania rynku oraz wskazuje na kluczowe czynniki wpływające na jego rozwój w kontekście zmieniających się preferencji klientów.
Decyzje zakupowe konsumentów są wynikiem złożonego procesu psychofizycznego, w którym kluczową rolę odgrywają zarówno czynniki ekonomiczne (np. cena, dostępność dóbr, sytuacja materialna konsumenta), demograficzne (wiek, płeć), społeczne (styl życia, kultura) oraz psychologiczne (motywacje, potrzeby, emocje). W artykule przedstawiono klasyczny model podejmowania decyzji konsumenckich, czyli EKB (Engela, Kollata i Blackwella), który opisuje pięć etapów procesu zakupowego: uświadomienie potrzeby, poszukiwanie opcji, ocenę alternatyw, zakup oraz zachowanie po dokonanej transakcji. Dodatkowo poruszono kwestię dwóch teorii: użyteczności i preferencji, które tłumaczą kluczowe cele, którymi kierują się konsumenci.
Na tle tych teoretycznych założeń omówiono zmiany w handlu detalicznym w Polsce po 1989 r., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwoju sektora dyskontowego. Analiza dotyczy również kluczowych czynników wpływających na wybór konkretnego dyskontu przez konsumentów. W kontekście rywalizacji między sieciami Lidl i Biedronka przeprowadzono badanie dotyczące zmian cen wybranych produktów w maju 2024 r. Wyniki te wpisują się w szeroko pojętą „wojnę cenową” między tymi sieciami, której celem jest zdobycie lojalności klientów oraz utrzymanie konkurencyjnej pozycji na rynku
Powszechna Deklaracja Praw Człowieka – aktualność pewnego trudnego kompromisu
Get PDFThe main purpose of the article is to try to present the various dimensions of the universal justification of human rights. The author took the Universal Declaration of Rights as the starting point of his analysis, while presenting the main position in the dispute universalism – relativism. The article also presents, on the one hand, the main phases of the formation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and on the other hand, the fundamental philosophical disputes accompanying its enactment. In conclusion, the author presents three exemplary dimensions of universalism: non-positivism, solidarism and humanitarian intervention.Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie różnych wariantów uzasadnienia praw człowieka. Jako punkt wyjścia swoich rozważań autor przyjął Powszechną Deklarację Praw Człowieka, przedstawiając jednocześnie podstawowe założenia w sporze uniwersalizmu z relatywizmem. W opracowaniu omówiono także najważniejsze etapy powstawania PDPCz oraz podstawowe spory filozoficzne towarzyszące jej uchwalaniu