University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Lijewo, Lechlin, Licheń czy Legnica? O wpływie odczytu jednej litery na rekonstrukcję dziejów politycznych lat 1232–1234
Get PDFThis article begins with an analysis of the list of witnesses to a document issued by the Duke of Greater Poland, Władysław Odonic, in Poznań on 3 July 1232. This includes, among others, Idzi, chaplain of Ligheni (this is usually identified as Licheń near Konin and is considered the first mention of the parish). However, a close examination of the handwritten record shows that we must read Ligheniz, thus Legnica in Silesia. Chaplain Idzi was a man associated with the Duke of Silesia, Henry the Bearded. An analysis of all the documents issued around that time in Poznań indicates that an interarea assembly must have been held there. It was most likely then (when the cathedral chapter was in session) that Władysław Odonic issued the great privilege of immunity for the Poznań bishopric, which is known from the annals. Such an assembly, at which the Silesian duke’s envoy was also present, requires a revision of the accepted history of events related to the stormy relations between Władysław Odonic and Henry the Bearded. This article shows the mechanisms of diplomacy and the important role of trusted lower ranking clergy as envoys. Finally, it is an important warning to pay attention even to the smallest details when reading.This article begins with an analysis of the list of witnesses to a document issued by the Duke of Greater Poland, Władysław Odonic, in Poznań on 3 July 1232. This includes, among others, Idzi, chaplain of Ligheni (this is usually identified as Licheń near Konin and is considered the first mention of the parish). However, a close examination of the handwritten record shows that we must read Ligheniz, thus Legnica in Silesia. Chaplain Idzi was a man associated with the Duke of Silesia, Henry the Bearded. An analysis of all the documents issued around that time in Poznań indicates that an interarea assembly must have been held there. It was most likely then (when the cathedral chapter was in session) that Władysław Odonic issued the great privilege of immunity for the Poznań bishopric, which is known from the annals. Such an assembly, at which the Silesian duke’s envoy was also present, requires a revision of the accepted history of events related to the stormy relations between Władysław Odonic and Henry the Bearded. This article shows the mechanisms of diplomacy and the important role of trusted lower ranking clergy as envoys. Finally, it is an important warning to pay attention even to the smallest details when reading
(Nie)widzialna sieć wsparcia – wzajemna pomoc, współdziałanie i współpraca wśród rodziców dzieci w spektrum autyzmu
No full textThe article addresses the issue of informal support networks, mutual cooperation, and collaboration established by parents of children on the autism spectrum. In the face of the increasing prevalence of autism diagnoses – and the accompanying psychological, social, and organizational burdens – parents often experience elevated levels of stress, loneliness, and parental burnout. In response to these challenges, they create spontaneous peer-based networks of mutual assistance, grounded in solidarity, reciprocity, and shared resources. The article explores two main theoretical frameworks for understanding this phenomenon: the concept of self-help/mutual-help groups and J.S. Coleman’s theory of social capital, emphasizing the roles of trust, reciprocity, and community cohesion. Such support may take emotional, informational, and practical forms, and can also lead to collective advocacy, educational initiatives, and integrative activities. The article describes the most salient manifestations of these parental practices, highlighting their potential for fostering a sense of community, mitigating social isolation, and enhancing parental agency. The need for further empirical research is underscored, particularly with regard to the scope and impact of these self-help strategies on the quality of life and psychological well-being of parents of autistic children. The article also draws attention to the complementary role of these informal networks in relation to formal support systems, as well as their potential to reduce the social marginalization of families with a member on the autism spectrum.Artykuł porusza zagadnienie nieformalnych sieci wsparcia, współdziałania i współpracy tworzonych przez rodziców dzieci w spektrum autyzmu. W obliczu rosnącej liczby diagnoz autyzmu i związanych z tym obciążeń psychicznych, społecznych i organizacyjnych, rodzice często doświadczają wysokiego poziomu stresu, osamotnienia i wypalenia. W odpowiedzi na te trudności tworzą spontaniczne sieci wzajemnej pomocy, oparte na relacjach równorzędnych, solidarności i dzieleniu się zasobami. Artykuł omawia dwa główne ujęcia teoretyczne tego zjawiska: koncepcję grup samopomocy/wzajemnej pomocy oraz teorię kapitału społecznego J.S. Colemana, podkreślając rolę zaufania, wzajemności i wspólnotowości. Wsparcie to może przyjmować formy emocjonalne, informacyjne i praktyczne, a także prowadzić do wspólnej organizacji działań rzeczniczych, edukacyjnych i integracyjnych. W artykule opisano najważniejsze przejawy takich aktywności rodziców, podkreślając ich potencjał w zakresie budowania wspólnoty, przeciwdziałania izolacji oraz wzmacniania podmiotowości. Wskazano na potrzebę dalszych badań empirycznych nad skalą i wpływem tych form samopomocy na jakość życia i dobrostan psychiczny rodziców dzieci w spektrum autyzmu. Zwrócono również uwagę na ich potencjał w uzupełnianiu formalnych systemów wsparcia i przeciwdziałaniu izolacji społecznej rodzin z osobą w spektrum autyzmu
Techniczne innowacje w protetyce słuchu jako fundament wspomagania uczniów z ubytkiem słuchu
Get PDFThe right to education is guaranteed by the Polish Constitution and regulated by specific legal acts that impose an obligation to respect the individual needs and abilities of students with disabilities. The evolution of regulations has enabled children with hearing impairments to receive education in mainstream schools, taking into account the individualised learning process. Modern technical solutions in hearing prosthetics, such as hearing aids, are essential elements of education. This article focuses on presenting the technical solutions used in modern hearing aids in the context of improving speech comprehension and hearing comfort.Prawo do nauki zostało zagwarantowane Konstytucją RP i uregulowane szczegółowymi aktami prawnymi, które nakładają obowiązek respektowania indywidualnych potrzeb i możliwości uczniów z niepełnosprawnościami. Ewolucja przepisów umożliwiła dzieciom z wadą słuchu edukację również w szkołach ogólnodostępnych, z uwzględnieniem zindywidualizowanego procesu kształcenia. Nowoczesne rozwiązania techniczne w protetyce słuchu, takie jak aparaty słuchowe, są niezbędnymi elementami edukacji. Artykuł koncentruje się na przedstawieniu rozwiązań technicznych stosowanych w nowoczesnych aparatach słuchowych w kontekście polepszenia zrozumienia mowy oraz komfortu słyszenia
Różnorodność i złożoność trollingu: rozszerzona klasyfikacja oraz analiza skutków społecznych
Get PDFTrolling is a diverse communicative phenomenon involving deliberate actions aimed at provoking, disrupting, and manipulating others in digital environments. This article aims to develop an extended classification of trolling and analyse its key characteristics and social consequences. The study applies qualitative methods: desk research and participant observation based on thousands of interactions across social media platforms. It identifies categories such as destructive, manipulative, ideological, humorous, and thematic trolling. The findings indicate that trolling, distinct from hate, has significant emotional, social, and reputational effects. The proposed typology offers a foundation for further research, education, and reflection on digital aggression.Trolling to zjawisko komunikacyjne o dużej różnorodności, obejmujące działania celowe: prowokowanie, dezorganizowanie i manipulowanie innymi użytkownikami w środowisku cyfrowym. Celem artykułu jest opracowanie rozszerzonej klasyfikacji form trollingu oraz analiza ich charakterystyki i skutków społecznych. Zastosowano metody jakościowe: desk research oraz obserwację uczestniczącą opartą na analizie tysięcy interakcji w mediach społecznościowych. Wyodrębniono kategorie takie jak trolling destrukcyjny, manipulacyjny, ideologiczny, humorystyczny i tematyczny. Wyniki wskazują, że trolling, odmienny od hejtu, ma istotne konsekwencje emocjonalne, społeczne i reputacyjne. Przedstawiona typologia może wspierać dalsze badania, działania edukacyjne i refleksję nad cyfrową agresją
From enemies to the only hope: viruses as the last chance to fight multidrug resistance
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance is the phenomenon in which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. It is caused by the excessive use of antibiotics in medicine, as well as in agriculture and industry. Due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, an innovative approach to the problem is necessary. One possibility is the use of bacteriophages (viruses that attack bacteria) to treat bacterial diseases. The article will present the most important issues related to this topic, such as the bacteriophage replication cycle, the advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy, and the reasons why it is not widely used.Antybiotykooporność to zjawisko nabierania przez bakterie oporności na antybiotyki. Jest ono spowodowane nadmiernym wykorzystywaniem antybiotyków w medycynie, ale także w rolnictwie czy przemyśle. Z uwagi na rosnący problem oporności na antybiotyki niezbędne jest nowatorskie podejście do problemu. Jedną z możliwości jest zastosowanie bakteriofagów (wirusów atakujących bakterie) w celu kuracji chorób bakteryjnych. W artykule przedstawione zostaną najważniejsze kwestie związane z tym tematem, takie jak: cykl replikacyjny bakteriofagów, zalety i wady terapii fagowej oraz powody, dla których nie jest ona powszechnie stosowana
A Norwegian Viking in the World of Science: Receptions of Thor Heyerdahl and his Theory on the Settlement of Polynesia During the Period of 1937–1963
Get PDFThis article examines the reception of Thor Heyerdahl’s controversial theory on the settlement of Polynesia between 1937 and 1963. While Heyerdahl achieved global fame with the Kon-Tiki expedition of 1947, his most enduring impact lay in stimulating debate about ancient transoceanic migrations. Traditionally dismissed by scholars as implausible, his hypothesis challenged prevailing linguistic and archaeological models by emphasizing environmental constraints and experimental voyages. This study traces three phases of academic responses—from cautious interest in the late 1930s and 1940s, to sharp rejection following Kon-Tiki, and gradual acceptance of Heyerdahl as a serious, if unconventional, researcher in the 1950s. By highlighting positive as well as critical reactions, the article demonstrates that Heyerdahl’s engagement with anthropology and archaeology was more nuanced than typically portrayed. His work not only influenced Pacific studies but also helped establish maritime experimental archaeology as a distinct research field.This article examines the reception of Thor Heyerdahl’s controversial theory on the settlement of Polynesia between 1937 and 1963. While Heyerdahl achieved global fame with the Kon-Tiki expedition of 1947, his most enduring impact lay in stimulating debate about ancient transoceanic migrations. Traditionally dismissed by scholars as implausible, his hypothesis challenged prevailing linguistic and archaeological models by emphasizing environmental constraints and experimental voyages. This study traces three phases of academic responses—from cautious interest in the late 1930s and 1940s, to sharp rejection following Kon-Tiki, and gradual acceptance of Heyerdahl as a serious, if unconventional, researcher in the 1950s. By highlighting positive as well as critical reactions, the article demonstrates that Heyerdahl’s engagement with anthropology and archaeology was more nuanced than typically portrayed. His work not only influenced Pacific studies but also helped establish maritime experimental archaeology as a distinct research field.This article examines the reception of Thor Heyerdahl’s controversial theory on the settlement of Polynesia between 1937 and 1963. While Heyerdahl achieved global fame with the Kon-Tiki expedition of 1947, his most enduring impact lay in stimulating debate about ancient transoceanic migrations. Traditionally dismissed by scholars as implausible, his hypothesis challenged prevailing linguistic and archaeological models by emphasizing environmental constraints and experimental voyages. This study traces three phases of academic responses—from cautious interest in the late 1930s and 1940s, to sharp rejection following Kon-Tiki, and gradual acceptance of Heyerdahl as a serious, if unconventional, researcher in the 1950s. By highlighting positive as well as critical reactions, the article demonstrates that Heyerdahl’s engagement with anthropology and archaeology was more nuanced than typically portrayed. His work not only influenced Pacific studies but also helped establish maritime experimental archaeology as a distinct research field
Gdańszczanka z książką, czyli leczenie duszy, a nie ciała. Wizerunek Dorothei Ferber z kościoła Najświętszej Marii Panny w Gdańsku
Get PDFThis article deals with the image of Dorothea Ferber (1459–1511) on what is known as the Great Altar in St Mary’s Church in Gdańsk. This representative of one of the most influential families in Gdańsk is depicted with a book. Hitherto historians have paid absolutely no attention to this object. In the article, we show that such a depiction is not exceptional, but is part of a contemporary tendency in Europe. There is, indeed, a large number of similar devotional works showing a woman with a book. An image of this kind was intended to show private piety, care for the soul, and imitation of the Virgin Mary or other holy women. Furthermore, the book depicted such a picture was intended to have a meaning that was not just symbolic; that object was among the possessions of those women in the pictures. Our research indicates that when the Great Altar of the Ferber Family was produced, Dorothea had for several years been the wife of the well known patrician Matthias Zimmermann, at that time rising in his city career. There is no doubt that this depiction of Dorothea, besides its religious aspects, was intended to show her family’s importance, emphasized by the possession of a book and the ability to read.This article deals with the image of Dorothea Ferber (1459–1511) on what is known as the Great Altar in St Mary’s Church in Gdańsk. This representative of one of the most influential families in Gdańsk is depicted with a book. Hitherto historians have paid absolutely no attention to this object. In the article, we show that such a depiction is not exceptional, but is part of a contemporary tendency in Europe. There is, indeed, a large number of similar devotional works showing a woman with a book. An image of this kind was intended to show private piety, care for the soul, and imitation of the Virgin Mary or other holy women. Furthermore, the book depicted such a picture was intended to have a meaning that was not just symbolic; that object was among the possessions of those women in the pictures. Our research indicates that when the Great Altar of the Ferber Family was produced, Dorothea had for several years been the wife of the well known patrician Matthias Zimmermann, at that time rising in his city career. There is no doubt that this depiction of Dorothea, besides its religious aspects, was intended to show her family’s importance, emphasized by the possession of a book and the ability to read
Emotion regulation strategies and satisfaction with life: mediating roles of positive and negative mind-wandering
Get PDFBackground
Habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies has been shown to relate differently to dispositional positive and negative affect and satisfaction with life. In this study, we aimed to establish the role of affectively different forms of mindwandering – i.e., spontaneously initiated thinking about matters unrelated to the individual’s current task and the immediate environment – in the associations between the employment of each of these strategies and life satisfaction. Our main theoretical idea was that affective consequences of employing cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression influence positive and negative mind-wandering, which contribute to satisfaction with life.
Participants and procedure
A convenient sample of 217 respondents (154 women) aged 19-88 (M = 44.97, SD = 17.16) filled out questionnaires assessing variables of interest: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule–Trait, the Task-Unrelated Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results
In the estimated PLS-SEM structural model, there were significant indirect paths leading from emotion regulation strategies to satisfaction with life through 1) positive or negative affect and positive or negative mind-wandering as sequential mediators, 2) positive affect (over and above its associations with positive and negative mind-wandering), 3) positive and negative mind-wandering (due to their negative associations with suppression).
Conclusions
Positive and negative mind-wandering may mediate the relationships between the frequency with which individuals employ cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression to regulate emotions and their global life satisfaction.Background
Habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies has been shown to relate differently to dispositional positive and negative affect and satisfaction with life. In this study, we aimed to establish the role of affectively different forms of mindwandering – i.e., spontaneously initiated thinking about matters unrelated to the individual’s current task and the immediate environment – in the associations between the employment of each of these strategies and life satisfaction. Our main theoretical idea was that affective consequences of employing cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression influence positive and negative mind-wandering, which contribute to satisfaction with life.
Participants and procedure
A convenient sample of 217 respondents (154 women) aged 19-88 (M = 44.97, SD = 17.16) filled out questionnaires assessing variables of interest: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule–Trait, the Task-Unrelated Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results
In the estimated PLS-SEM structural model, there were significant indirect paths leading from emotion regulation strategies to satisfaction with life through 1) positive or negative affect and positive or negative mind-wandering as sequential mediators, 2) positive affect (over and above its associations with positive and negative mind-wandering), 3) positive and negative mind-wandering (due to their negative associations with suppression).
Conclusions
Positive and negative mind-wandering may mediate the relationships between the frequency with which individuals employ cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression to regulate emotions and their global life satisfaction