Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring
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Innovation of a modular microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) reactor based on coconut shell biochar with IoT monitoring system integration for the conversion of non-B3 plastic into alternative bio-fuels
No full textBackground: Indonesia produces more than 12.3 million tons of plastic waste each year, but only a mere 14% is recycled, leading to serious environmental concerns. On a global scale, solid waste totals 2.3 billion tons annually, with merely 61% being properly managed. This situation underscores the pressing demand for sustainable and effective technologies for handling plastic waste. Traditional pyrolysis is widely utilized but struggles with high energy requirements, needing temperatures between 700-900 °C, inconsistent heat distribution, and overall low efficiency in the process. Methods: This research introduces a Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) reactor that utilizes KOH-activated coconut shell biochar as a microwave absorber. It achieves a surface area greater than 800 m²/g, enabling effective absorption of 2.45 GHz microwaves. Non-toxic plastics like HDPE and PP are subjected to pre-treatment before undergoing MAP processing at temperatures of 450-600 °C for a duration of 10 minutes. An Internet of Things (IoT) system facilitates real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and flow rate to maintain precise control throughout the process. Findings: Results from experiments and a review of existing literature indicate that MAP is capable of transforming plastics into 70% bio-oil, 10% syngas, and 20% biochar, with energy consumption only at 0.8-1.2 kWh/kg—30-40% less than what traditional pyrolysis requires. The activation energy for coconut shell biochar drops significantly to 24.5 kJ/mol, compared to 84.2 kJ/mol found in conventional systems, showing better efficiency in volumetric heating. MAP has the potential to cut down plastic pollution by as much as 65% while generating bio-oil as an alternative fuel source, aiding the implementation of a circular economy and supporting Sustainable Development Goals 9, 12, and 13. Conclusion: MAP demonstrates a highly energy-efficient and scalable alternative for plastic waste valorization, reducing environmental pollution while generating useful byproducts and supporting sustainable development objectives. Novelty/Originality of this article: The research stands out by integrating KOH-activated coconut shell biochar with IoT-enabled real-time monitoring and an energy-efficient MAP method, providing a sustainable approach for recovering value from plastic waste beyond traditional pyrolysis
Potential of nanotechnology-based nanomaterials and biochar for tofu wastewater filtration: A review on clean water sustainability
Full text linkBackground: Water pollution, driven by industrial activities and population growth, increasingly contaminates water sources, threatening clean water supply. Tofu wastewater, rich in organic pollutants, exacerbates this issue, highlighting the need for sustainable, effective water treatment solutions. Methods: This study uses a literature review method, analyzing journals, articles, and scientific publications to explore nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment and improving water quality in Semarang City. Findings: The filtration system using biochar, CNT, TiO₂, and ZVI significantly reduces contaminants in water, enhancing water quality. Each material contributes uniquely, improving adsorption, photocatalysis, and overall filtration efficiency for heavy metals and organic compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibit high efficiency in environmental remediation, offering cost-effective, sustainable solutions despite challenges like toxicity and mobility. The study demonstrates the potential of nanomaterials like CNTs, ZVI, and TiO2 for enhanced environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment. Their synergistic use improves contaminant removal, offering sustainable solutions with significant efficiency gains. Conclusion: In conclusion, integrating nanotechnology and biochar for tofu wastewater treatment presents a sustainable, scalable solution that advances both environmental remediation and technological innovation, aligning with SDGs and enhancing water quality management efforts. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty lies in combining nanomaterials and biochar for efficient tofu wastewater treatment, enhancing filtration and sustainability in water quality management
Integrated EM4-based anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment for sustainable tofu industry effluent management
Full text linkBackground: The Tahu Sehat Sari industrial area in Cokro Village is one of the largest tofu manufacturers, processing 3 tons of soybeans daily with 88 employees. However, wastewater quality tests reveal that the effluent exceeds regulatory limits set by Central Java Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2012, with BOD at 422.5 mg/L, COD at 845 mg/L, and TSS at 1940 mg/L. Effective wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental standards and minimize pollution. Methods: This study evaluates wastewater treatment alternatives, including Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Biofilter, and Aerobic Biofilter, with the addition of Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) to enhance organic waste degradation. Wastewater samples were tested for COD, BOD, and TSS levels before and after treatment to assess removal efficiency. Findings: The implementation of EM4 significantly improved wastewater quality, achieving an 86% reduction in COD with a 0.3% EM4 concentration in aerobic treatment. EM4’s fermentation bacteria effectively minimized organic contaminants. The selected treatment methods—Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Biofilter, and Aerobic Biofilter—proved suitable for treating tofu wastewater, with final effluent concentrations of COD at 2.4 mg/L, BOD at 0.3 mg/L, and TSS at 35 mg/L, meeting regulatory standards. The estimated cost for the construction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is IDR 1,177,378,400, with monthly operation and maintenance expenses of IDR 6,110,297. Conclusion: The study confirms that an integrated wastewater treatment system using anaerobic and aerobic biofilters combined with EM4 is effective in reducing organic waste contamination in tofu industry effluent. Further assessment of land use and distribution systems is recommended to optimize wastewater management. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes to sustainable wastewater treatment in tofu production by integrating EM4 technology with anaerobic and aerobic filtration, achieving high pollutant removal efficiency. The study also provides a financial analysis of WWTP implementation, highlighting its feasibility for similar small and medium enterprises
Potensi precision farming dalam penerapan prinsip reduce untuk mengurangi limbah sumber daya pertanian
Full text linkBackground: The increase in agricultural production is often accompanied by excessive use of chemical inputs, contributing to environmental pollution. Precision farming is a modern approach that can address this challenge by optimizing input use through advanced technology. This paper explores the application of the reduce principle in precision farming to support efficient use of fertilizers and other resources. Method: The method used is a literature review of various published studies related to precision farming and agricultural land management. Findings: The application of the reduce principle in fertilization activities with precision farming can reduce fertilizer waste by up to 50%, increase land productivity by 10%, and minimize harmful environmental effects, such as groundwater pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Precision farming also improves irrigation efficiency through precision irrigation technology. Conclusion: This study confirms that applying precision farming with a focus on the reduce principle not only supports sustainable agriculture but also provides economic benefits for farmers by reducing production costs. Innovations in precision farming technology, such as the integration of AI-based sensors and IoT, further enhance potential efficiencies in the future. Novelty/Originality of this article: Emphasizing the use of the reduce principle in precision farming as a primary strategy to achieve more efficient and environmentally friendly agriculture aligns with the goals outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for responsible production
Evaluation of waste composition for biochar production as a sustainable waste management approach
Full text linkBackground: To meet human life needs, fuel energy is obtained from fossil sources, such as coal, found in the Earth's crust. However, non-renewable energy sources in the Earth's crust will eventually run out. One alternative fuel is the production of biobriquettes from various types of waste. Methods: Using a literature review method, this study aims to determine which waste is most suitable for use in the production of biobriquettes. The samples taken are journals sourced from Google Scholar ranging from 2017 to 2022 that align with the discussion topic. Findings: Among various raw materials, the best waste for biobriquette production is found to be a mixture of dacron waste and corn cob, with a moisture content of 3.45% and a carbon value of 7986.45 cal/g. Conclusion: The results of the above study indicate that the production of biobriquettes from dakron waste and corn cobs is the best option because it yields the highest calorific value and the lowest moisture content, in accordance with SNI 01/6235/2000. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a novel approach by identifying a specific combination of dacron waste and corn cob for biobriquette production, showcasing its superior calorific value and low moisture content, thus contributing to sustainable energy solutions and waste management practices
Spatial analysis of zinc (Zn) heavy metal distribution in the waters of Staring Bay, Southeast Sulawesi
Full text linkBackground: A spatial study of the distribution of heavy metal zinc (Zn) in the waters of Staring Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, has been conducted. This research aims to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal Zn in the waters of Staring Bay. Methods: Sampling was carried out at 12 stations in the bay using a purposive sampling method. The concentration of heavy metal Zn in seawater samples was determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Spatial analysis was performed using the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation method (power = 2) with data processing software (ArcGIS 10.1). Findings: The results of the study indicate that the Zn metal concentration at the 12 research stations ranges from 0.0141 to 0.2085 ppm, with an average of 0.0668 ppm. The highest concentration of Zn metal is found at station 1. The results of the spatial analysis, with 12 stations, show that the area from the open sea to the coast of Tanjung Tiram Village has been contaminated with Zn heavy metal, ranging from 0.0132 to 0.2085 ppm. The same contamination is observed in the northern part of Wawosunggu Island, from the river mouth near Rumbia-rumbia Village to Lara Island, which has also been contaminated with a range of 0.0572 to 0.2085 ppm. Conclusion: Based on the contaminant factor (CF) values, the highest contamination by Zn metal occurs at station 1. Environmental variables (salinity, pH, temperature) show no significant effect on the concentration of Zn heavy metal. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of zinc (Zn) contamination in Staring Bay, highlighting critical areas of pollution. It uniquely employs the Inverse Distance Weight interpolation method, revealing significant contamination patterns with minimal influence from environmental variables
Karakteristik limbah pertanian dan dampaknya: Mengapa pengelolaan ramah lingkungan penting?
Full text linkBackground: Agricultural waste is a significant by-product of the agrarian sector, with the potential for substantial environmental and economic impacts. This study aims to examine the characteristics of organic agricultural waste and analyze its effects on the environment, both in terms of threats and its potential utilization. Method: This study employs a systematic literature review method. The literature search focuses on articles discussing agricultural waste, its characteristics, and its environmental impacts. Findings: The results show that agricultural waste has diverse characteristics based on fiber composition, physical form, and protein content. The main threats from agricultural waste include water pollution due to nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane. However, this waste also holds significant potential as a source of organic mulch, animal feed, and raw material for bioenergy. Utilizing agricultural waste as mulch can improve soil quality and crop yields, while its use as animal feed supports the integration of agricultural and livestock systems. In the context of energy, converting waste into biogas and biofuel offers an effective solution. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of integrated and sustainable agricultural waste management to minimize negative impacts and optimize its economic potential. Novelty/Originality of this article: By providing a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and impacts of agricultural waste, this study offers insights into the importance of a holistic approach to agricultural waste management to support sustainable agriculture
Akses air bersih di pesisir Jakarta terhadap kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat
Full text linkoai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/453This paper analyze inqeuality of access to clean water in Penjaringan District which is in coastal area in DKI Jakarta and its impact on health and welfare on people in coastal areas. The existing problem is community daily activities using groundwater as the primary source for daily water needs, causing land subsidence and seawater intrusion into groundwater, hence the decline on the groundwater’s quality and consequently it cannot be used to meet community’s water demand. Qualitative approach is used in this paper. The main analysis method used is analytical descriptive methods. The results obtained shows that there is a shortage of clean water in the community in Penjaringan District, and to meet their daily water needs, only 60,10% of people in Penjaringan District were able to get access of clean water from government’s water supply companies, and the other 38,79% people chose to buy water from another parties. The impacts are seen on the low welfare in the poor community side. Another impact is the minimum standard for health services in Penjaringan Districts still hasnt been fulfilled yet hence it can affect health services available in that district. It can be concluded that there are an imbalance of meeting community demand for clean water in Penjaringan District and it has impacts on the health and welafer of the community
Strategi pengelolaan sampah kota terintegrasi menuju zero waste
Full text linkThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), declared by 193 countries at the UN on September 25, 2015, serve as the foundation for global development. Building upon previous agendas, the SDGs emphasize three pillars of sustainable development: social, economic, and environmental. Cities, as centers of economic growth, face complex challenges in waste management. Urban waste, especially organic waste, requires special handling as it tends to decompose and create adverse environmental impacts if not managed properly. In the context of Indonesia, more than 65% of urban waste is organic, primarily food leftovers. To mitigate its impact, waste management is not sufficient merely with collection, transportation, and disposal at final disposal sites (TPA). Waste must be processed into useful goods, such as through recycling. This research proposes a Zero Waste approach to urban waste management. This concept involves waste prevention from the outset, reduction, reuse, recycling, and minimal waste residual management. Many cities worldwide, such as Canberra, Adelaide, and Stockholm, have successfully implemented Zero Waste strategies. In the Indonesian context, Surabaya is a successful example of effective urban waste management, involving various programs from waste banks to electricity generation from landfill gas. However, challenges in urban waste management persist. There is a need for new initiatives, such as involving more stakeholders from private to public sectors in the Zero Waste concept, and strengthening the government's role in implementing regulations supporting sustainable waste management. Additionally, education and public campaigns are crucial to raise awareness among the public about the importance of responsible waste management. Thus, this research highlights the importance of Zero Waste strategies in addressing urban waste management issues to achieve sustainable development goals
Analisis greenwashing pada LSM menggunakan teori dan konsep sustainable management
Full text linkGreenwashing is a practice in which businesses or companies present false or misleading information about their sustainability initiatives for marketing purposes. This occurs when companies communicate positive environmental actions while hiding negative ones, creating a misleading impression of overall environmental performance. Greenwashing can occur through two actions: falsification (active deceit) and information selection (passive deceit). Information selection involves strategically choosing environmental communication content to eliminate negative information, while falsification involves creating false communication content. To avoid greenwashing, parameters such as data transparency, equal treatment, environmental focus, water efficiency, carbon footprint, waste packaging, and fair wages can be analyzed for an entity. Additionally, guidelines from the United States Federal Trade Commission (US-FTC) can also help differentiate between greenwashing practices and sustainable practices. However, in certain cases such as the Lindungi Hutan crowdfunding platform, there are several issues hindering environmental conservation efforts. The crowdfunding scheme used does not check the background of companies or individuals donating, allowing donations to come from businesses that have negative impacts on the environment. Additionally, the lack of annual public reports reduces transparency and accountability in fund management. Although this platform has various activities for environmental conservation, the effectiveness and impact of these activities are not well disclosed. Furthermore, claims from donors about their participation in environmental care programs are not aligned with the sustainability principles that should be followed. In conclusion, companies should focus on internal improvements and adhere to sustainability principles to avoid greenwashing. Additionally, crowdfunding platforms like Lindungi Hutan need to enhance transparency, accountability, and the effectiveness of their programs to ensure a real contribution to environmental preservation