Waste Handling and Environmental Monitoring
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Smart waste bin design with automatic waste sorting system, ergonomic, functional, aesthetic, and IoT-based integrated point system
No full textBackground: Creating trash bins that are comfortable to use and attractive, integrated, and capable of automatic waste separation is the answer to the waste problem that has become a major issue in Indonesia and even the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze and design smart and ergonomic trash bins. Methods: This study in Tanjung Redeb, Berau Regency, surveyed 184 trash bin users. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature review, validated with SPSS, and processed using the QFD method to design an integrated, user-friendly trash bin. Findings: The results obtained based on the interpretation of user requirement data show that users of trash bins want materials that are easy to clean with an improvement ratio of 1.25, have usage instructions with an improvement ratio of 1.0, are comfortable to use and practical with an improvement ratio of 1.0, have audio information with an improvement ratio of 1.0, use renewable and environmentally friendly energy with an improvement ratio of 1.25, flexible and lightweight with an improvement ratio of 1.0, discarded waste can be converted into points with an improvement ratio of 1.25, waste can be separated automatically with an improvement ratio of 1.0, integrated with waste management personnel (who know the volume of waste in real time with an improvement ratio of 1.0), and attractive trash bins ratio of 1.34. after collecting and reprocessing the data, the results show that smart trash bins are ergonomically designed, integrated with personnel and sorting systems to meet user satisfaction. Conclusion: Therefore, an ergonomic design for smart waste bins is needed based on the needs of waste bin users in Berau Regency. Unlike previous researchers who generally focused only on technological aspects and automatic selection. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this research is also demonstrated through the development of a design that not only emphasizes technical functions but also aesthetic aspects, environmental sustainability, and increased community participation in sustainable waste management
Analysis of scrubber technology use to control SO2 emission in incinerators as a sustainable solution in plastic waste processing
No full textBackground: The use of wet scrubbers and dry scrubbers in incinerators using activated carbon and zeolite adsorbents is applied to control SO₂ emissions, serving as environmentally friendly waste processing tools. Methods: The principle of this test is that the exhaust gas from burning plastic waste with an incinerator is washed in a wet scrubber using water. Any remaining gas emissions are absorbed by zeolite and activated carbon through a dry scrubber. Testing of SO₂ exhaust gas emission concentrations is carried out on the incinerator, wet scrubber, and final chimney. Findings: The SO₂ exhaust gas concentration in incinerator combustion was 0.9685 mg/Nm³, the concentration after scrubbing using a wet scrubber was 0.1389 mg/Nm³, and the concentration after scrubbing using a wet scrubber and dry scrubber was 0 mg/Nm³. Conclusion: The use of a wet scrubber is effective in reducing SO₂ exhaust gas emission concentrations. The use of a dry scrubber is also effective in further reducing SO₂ exhaust gas emissions to zero. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the combined application of wet and dry scrubbers with activated carbon and zeolite to achieve complete elimination of SO₂ emissions from plastic waste incineration, demonstrating a practical environmentally friendly approach
The environmental, economic, and social potential of industrial waste-based geopolymer materials toward the net zero emission 2050 target
No full textBackground: The construction sector significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions, primarily from Portland cement production, accounting for about 8% of total emissions. This study explores the environmental, economic, and social potential of industrial waste-based geopolymers as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, supporting the Net Zero Emission 2050 target. Methods: This research adopts a qualitative literature review approach, collecting and analyzing recent studies concerning the utilization of fly ash, slag, silica fume, and waste glass as binding precursors in geopolymer synthesis. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted to assess the potential for CO₂ emission reduction and cost efficiency based on several implemented projects. Findings: The findings indicate that geopolymer concrete can reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 18%–64% and production costs by up to 30%, while maintaining comparable mechanical performance and durability to Portland cement-based concrete. Large-scale applications in several countries have demonstrated the material’s practical feasibility. From an environmental perspective, geopolymer technology substantially decreases embodied carbon; economically, it lowers maintenance expenses; and socially, it promotes green employment opportunities and enhances public awareness of sustainable construction practices. Nevertheless, the lack of standardized regulations and limited policy support remain key barriers to its broader implementation. Conclusion: Geopolymer technology demonstrates significant potential in achieving sustainable and low-carbon construction, thereby contributing to the realization of the Net Zero Emission 2050 goal. Novelty/originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive integration of various industrial waste materials to holistically assess their environmental, economic, and social benefits as a unified approach toward sustainable construction
TeraCale: Integrated laser irradiation and chemical etching with IoT automatization as a solution for sustainable crystalline-sillicone photovoltaic panel waste recycling system
No full textBackground: The rapid expansion of global renewable energy capacity resulted in a significant increase in crystalline-silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) panel installations, which are projected to generate up to 78 million tonnes of end-of-life (EoL) waste by 2050. Existing recycling methods, including pyrolysis, mechanical shredding, and organic solvent dissolution, are often associated with high energy demands, toxic emissions, and the risk of damaging valuable solar cells. This study aims to present TeraCale, an innovative recycling system that integrates laser irradiation and chemical etching with Internet of Things (IoT) automation to deliver a sustainable and economically viable solution for c-Si panel waste. Methods: This study is formulating the idea of innovation by collecting and analyzing the data from various journals. The methodology comprises a three-stage treatment process, such as initial hydraulic dismantling of frames using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) for real-time monitoring; subsequent separation of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and glass layers using nanosecond and pulsed optical fiber lasers; and chemical etching with NaOH, HNO₃, and H₃PO₄ to recover high-purity metals. Findings: The study indicates that this integrated approach can achieve a silicon yield of 99.9984% and generate a total recycling profit of approximately 185.43 USD per kilogram of solar cells. The results demonstrate that automating the separation process significantly reduces manual labor and environmental risks while maximizing material recovery value. Conclusion: TeraCale constitutes a critical advancement in circular economy practices for the solar industry, effectively supporting Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 12. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this work is demonstrated by the unique combination of selective laser debonding and IoT-driven automation, providing a high-precision alternative to conventional destructive recycling techniques
Assessing plastic waste management performance: Insights from the waste management performance index
Full text linkBackground: In 2015, Indonesia was the second-largest contributor to marine debris worldwide, with an estimated 0.48-1.29 million metric tons of marine waste. In Jakarta, the marine waste generation reached 303.6 tons per day. Government programs such as JAKSTRADA and JAKSTRANAS aim to reduce plastic waste by 30% and manage 70% of waste by 2025. These policies promote circular economy-based waste management, but household participation remains low, with only 1.6% contributing to the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle). Methods: This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches to measure the performance of circular economy-based plastic waste management in Jakarta. The population includes both formal and informal sectors, such as waste banks and waste pickers. Data is analyzed using the Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) from SIPSN and BPS, comparing plastic waste management achievements with JAKSTRADA targets up to 2025. Findings: In Jakarta, per capita waste generation is 0.7 kg/day, mainly organic and plastic. Despite a decline in collected waste, plastic waste is rising. Management follows Law No. 18/2008 and Presidential Regulation No. 97/2017, involving formal (TPS 3R, waste banks) and informal (collectors, vendors) sectors. The informal sector aids recycling by collecting plastic from inaccessible areas. JAKSTRADA targets waste reduction, handling, and recycling until 2025. The Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) evaluates policy, effectiveness, and efficiency. Conclusion: Waste management in Central Jakarta is still low with an index of 26% and a recycling rate of 12.6%, despite achieving 99.98% of the collaboration target. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the integration of formal and informal sectors in plastic waste management in Central Jakarta, emphasizing the use of the Waste Management Performance Index (IKPS) to assess policy effectiveness and recycling progress toward JAKSTRADA targets
Utilization of used lubricating oil for anfo-emulsion production: A study on blasting activities in the copper mining area
Full text linkBackground: Copper is crucial for the development of electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies. In Indonesia, PT ABC's open-pit mining operations are expanding, leading to increased waste generation, particularly used lubricating oil, which is contaminated with water and metal particles but has caloric value comparable to diesel. This study explores the potential of using this oil as a diesel substitute in explosives, focusing on economic and environmental benefits. Method: The study used data collection methods to measure the annual volume of waste oil, cost savings from using it as a fuel substitute, and compliance with hazardous waste utilization regulations. The research analyzed the impact of substituting up to 80% of diesel fuel requirements with used lubricating oil. Findings: PT ABC utilizes approximately 2,699,850 liters of used lubricating oil annually. The company achieves a 99.99% compliance rate with hazardous waste permits. Substituting up to 80% of diesel with used oil resulted in an economic gain of IDR 38,885,321,437 in 2023 and diesel procurement savings of IDR 2,473,012,791. These findings highlight the economic and environmental advantages of waste management practices in mining operations. Conclusion: The integration of used lubricating oil as an alternative fuel in mining operations reduces operational costs, enhances environmental sustainability, and aligns with circular economy principles. This approach contributes to sustainable mining practices by transforming waste into reusable resources, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is original in demonstrating the use of used lubricating oil as a substitute for diesel fuel in mining, showing its potential to reduce costs, improve sustainability, and support circular economy practices in the mining sector
Comparison of combustion emissions between manual and machine set methods to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) in briquette manufacturing
Full text linkBackground: Renewable energy from biomass is one solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of carbon emissions. One form of renewable energy from biomass is briquettes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using modern technology in the form of a briquette production machine set consisting of a grinder, extruder, and burner integrated with a wet scrubber innovation to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from rice husk combustion in the burner machine compared to the manual method. Methods: The research process was carried out through the stages of needs identification, CAD (Computer Aided Design)-based machine design, prototype production, and briquette performance testing using a Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) analyzer. Findings: The test results showed that briquettes produced using the manual method had a higher density of 0.8 g/cm³ and produced an average CO emission of 220 ppm. These findings prove that mechanizing the process improves the physical quality of the briquettes while reducing CO emissions by around 39%. The integration of wet scrubber technology proved to be effective in absorbing additional exhaust gases and strengthening the environmentally friendly aspects of the combustion process. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that the use of integrated machinery not only improves briquette quality and energy efficiency, but also makes a significant contribution to carbon emission control efforts at the local level. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis comparing manual and mechanized methods using burner machines with integrated wet scrubbers in the context of rice husk briquette production
The effectiveness of waste management policy governance in Indonesia: Between national targets and local achievements
No full textBackground: The problem of waste management in Indonesia is still a serious challenge in realizing sustainable development. Although the government has set the Indonesia Clean Waste 2025 target target through Presidential Regulation No. 97 of 2017 concerning the National Policy and Strategy on Household and Similar Household Waste Management (Jakstranas), the implementation achievements at the regional level have not shown optimal results. Methods: This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach with content and interpretive analysis of secondary data from policy documents, performance reports, and academic publications for the 2019–2024 period. The analytical framework integrates the policy implementation effectiveness model of George C. Edwards III (1980) and the Collaborative Governance model of Ansell and Gash (2007). Findings: The results of the analysis show that the effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia is still low to moderate. The main obstacles include non-participatory policy communication, limited regional resources and funding, weak inter-agency coordination, and low participation of the community and the private sector. However, some areas, such as Surabaya and Bekasi, have shown relatively successful collaborative practices in encouraging public participation and local innovation. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the implementation of waste management policies in Indonesia cannot be said to be effective, either in achieving national targets or in their implementation at the local level. Facilitative leadership, inclusive institutional design, and transparent policy communication are needed so that national and equitable targets can be implemented at the local level. Another thing is that the governance of waste management policies is highly dependent on the power of multi-level collaboration between the central government, local governments, the private sector, and the community. Novelty/originality of this article: This article offers the integration of two governance models—Edwards III and Ansell & Gash—in analyzing the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation in Indonesia and providing practical lessons from Singapore's experience to strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration in waste management
Development of AMPIBI: A solar-powered smart waste monitoring and sorting system with cloud integration for environmental preservation and energy conservation
Full text linkBackground: Waste management in campus areas remains a significant issue, with trash bins often overflowing due to irregular monitoring and limited awareness among users. This problem is exacerbated by inefficient and energy-consuming traditional waste collection methods, alongside a common failure among students to properly separate waste at the source. The accumulation of unsorted waste not only degrades the campus environment but also represents a missed opportunity for effective recycling and resource recovery. Existing smart bin solutions often focus on a single aspect, such as capacity monitoring or basic sorting, but rarely integrate a comprehensive, energy-independent system tailored for developing-world contexts. To address this multifaceted challenge, a new generation of smart and automated waste management systems is needed. This study introduces a novel solution designed to tackle these issues simultaneously. Methods: This study developed the Automatic Monitoring and Sorting Waste Bin (AMPIBI), an Internet of Things (IoT)-based device designed to automatically sort waste by category and monitor bin capacity in real time. The system integrates cloud-based applications, solar power, and multiple sensors, including moisture, metal, and ultrasonic sensors. The research followed a Research and Development (R&D) approach consisting of problem analysis, design, prototyping, and performance testing. Findings: Experimental results demonstrated that AMPIBI successfully classified waste into three categories: organic, non-metallic inorganic, and metal with an accuracy of 96.67%. The moisture sensor effectively distinguished organic from inorganic waste, the inductive sensor identified metals, and the ultrasonic sensor measured bin capacity. The monitoring system displayed real-time waste status via a cloud platform accessible through mobile devices. Conclusion: AMPIBI improves campus waste management by promoting proper waste disposal, reducing the need for manual intervention, and supporting environmentally friendly practices. Powered by solar energy, the system proved efficient and sustainable, making it a viable solution for cleaner and more energy-conserving campus environments. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the integration of IoT technology, automated waste sorting, and renewable energy into a single system tailored for campus waste management. Unlike conventional bins, AMPIBI provides real-time monitoring, accurate waste classification, and independent solar-powered operation, offering an innovative model for sustainable waste management
Optimizing sustainable consumption: Understanding reusable lunch box usage intentions through the theory of planned behavior
Full text linkBackground: The shift from using single use to reusable lunch boxes presents a challenge for college students. The economic circular framework is now applied not only to industrial processes but also to consumption behavior. This study aims to examine how the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, descriptive norms, and self-identity, influences the intention to use reusable lunch boxes. Method: The study involved 110 undergraduate students from a college campus in Denpasar City. Participants completed questionnaires distributed using a snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The study found that perceived behavioral control and self-identity significantly affect the intention to use reusable lunch boxes. The R-square analysis indicated that 31.1% of students' intention to use reusable lunch boxes was influenced by subjective norms, while 26.4% was influenced by self-identity. Conclusion: The study concludes that perceived behavioral control and self-identity play key roles in students' intention to use reusable lunch boxes. Future research should focus on making reusable lunch boxes more convenient and integrating them into a system that encourages behavior change on college campuses. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand college students' intentions to adopt reusable lunch boxes, offering valuable insights for promoting sustainable consumption behavior in a campus setting