OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
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A Trip into the Land of Words and Sounds – Program for Developing Language Skills According to Elkonin for Kindergarten Classes: A Methodological Guide
No full textV současné době probíhá revize Rámcového vzdělávacího programu pro předškolní vzdělávání, která klade důraz na plynulý přechod dětí do základního vzdělávání. Předčtenářská gramotnost, jako klíčový předpoklad pro pozdější vzdělávání, je nezbytné rozvíjet již v mateřské škole, přičemž jejím základem je fonologické a fonematické uvědomování. Tato schopnost, která umožňuje dětem pochopit vztah mezi hláskami a slovy, je klíčová pro osvojování čtení a psaní. Na základě dlouhodobé praxe autorek pracujících s dětmi předškolního věku vznikla metodická příručka Výlet do krajiny slov a hlásek, která se zaměřuje na rozvíjení jazykových schopností u dětí mateřských škol podle metodiky Elkonina.Currently, a revision of the Framework Educational Program for Pre-School Education is underway, emphasizing a smooth transition for children into primary education. Early literacy skills, which are crucial for later educational development, need to be fostered in preschool. A fundamental aspect of this development is phonological and phonemic awareness, which enables children to understand how sounds form words that can later be written by assigning graphemes. Based on the long-term collaboration of the authors, who work with preschool-aged children, the publication A Trip to the Land of Words and Sounds was created. This program focuses on developing linguistic abilities in preschool children according to Elkonin\u27s methodology
Kyz ala kachuu: The Kyrgyz Tradition – A Social Drama – The Crying Game?
Get PDF“Ala kachuu”, literally translated as “take and run off”, is a term used to describe the Middle Asian practice of bride kidnapping that is particularly common in Kyrgyzstan. “Ala kachuu” exists in two possible scenarios: First, the bride elopes with the man she loves while her parents oppose the marriage, or second, the non-consensual kidnapping of the bride by a stranger occurs. Both scenarios adhere to special rules and often involve the groom’s extended family and friends. Among the locals and predominantly in rural areas, “ala kachuu” continues to be part of traditional culture with roots in ancient history, as depicted in the national epic “Manas”, despite of the fact that “ala kachuu” is a criminal act often inflicting physical and psychological harm to the young woman. The following paper presents the accounts of a number of kidnappers’ strategies, provides a historical abstract, as well as giving statistics from research conducted by R. Kleinbach and L. Handrahan, and describes several actual cases of bride kidnapping
Architecture of Restriction: Central-European Protestant Churches in a Comparative Perspective II.
No full textThis second part of the comparative study of Protestant churches constructed during the Habsburg Dynasty in the era of the Counter-Reformation discusses the six Silesian "Churches of Grace", as well as the several hundred "Toleration Churches" in the Czech Lands, in Moravia, in Austrian Silesia and in the Kingdom of Hungary (the first part of the study was published in volume 15, 2013, 1). From the perspective of art history, the "Churches of Grace" are described individually, whereas in the case of the "Toleration Churches", the description is mainly refrained to the Czech Lands and the universal traits of such constructions, documented through specific examples. The authors show that local conditions and the possibilities of local congregations played a greater role in the design, the construction and the furnishing of individual churches than the external religious legislative restrictions. The significant influence of these external restrictions on the architecture of Evangelical churches in the Habsburg lands wasn´t felt until the period of religious tolerance at the end of the 18th and in the first half of the 19th centuries. More important than the religious restrictions themselves (typically expressed in the location of the construction and in the prohibition of building towers), which were taken hard by the Evangelicals, was the obligation to use the so-called national style and the required types of construction styles and norms, which defined the character and size of all public buildings. This fact has been practically ignored in all literature to date. Such requirements, along with other conditions simultaneously prevented a more significant use of earlier or foreign architectural styles, except for the Evangelical church architecture of Austrian Silesia, to some extent
The Problem with Reflexivity
Get PDFThis article presents reflexivity in its various meanings and forms as it appears in anthropology and social sciences. During the second half of the twentieth century in these fields, it became both an inspiration for various theories of the functioning of social phenomena, but also a part of anthropological methodology: in the era of the reflexive turn, it served as a critique of the situatedness of the production of anthropological knowledge, which was supposed to unmask the personal influence of the researcher on the resulting form of the texts. Although the contribution of this stage to the understanding of the meaning of the textuality of anthropological works cannot be denied, I see its “normalization” as part of anthropological methodology as problematic. If we focus more closely on the functioning mechanisms of reflexivity and self-reflection, we will come across certain paradoxes. In this paper, I focus on various criticisms of reflexivity, through which I try to approach the essence of the problem of using reflexivity. Emphasis is placed on the debate on reflexivity as a pivotal mechanism in the organization of late modern societies as described by theorists such as Giddens, Beck, Lash or Archer. These theories are confronted with the concept of “speech” as understood by constructivist approaches such as discourse analysis, which view all meanings as variable and constantly constructed by linguistic means in ordinary speech. I further show how reflexivity is unmasked by the opponents of reflexive modernization theory as a rhetorical strategy used to legitimize the status quo. This example serves as an illustration of the illusory nature of reflexivity and the possibility of its misuse.This article presents reflexivity in its various meanings and forms as it appears in anthropology and social sciences. During the second half of the twentieth century in these fields, it became both an inspiration for various theories of the functioning of social phenomena, but also a part of anthropological methodology: in the era of the reflexive turn, it served as a critique of the situatedness of the production of anthropological knowledge, which was supposed to unmask the personal influence of the researcher on the resulting form of the texts. Although the contribution of this stage to the understanding of the meaning of the textuality of anthropological works cannot be denied, I see its “normalization” as part of anthropological methodology as problematic. If we focus more closely on the functioning mechanisms of reflexivity and self-reflection, we will come across certain paradoxes. In this paper, I focus on various criticisms of reflexivity, through which I try to approach the essence of the problem of using reflexivity. Emphasis is placed on the debate on reflexivity as a pivotal mechanism in the organization of late modern societies as described by theorists such as Giddens, Beck, Lash or Archer. These theories are confronted with the concept of “speech” as understood by constructivist approaches such as discourse analysis, which view all meanings as variable and constantly constructed by linguistic means in ordinary speech. I further show how reflexivity is unmasked by the opponents of reflexive modernization theory as a rhetorical strategy used to legitimize the status quo. This example serves as an illustration of the illusory nature of reflexivity and the possibility of its misuse
The Sugar Factory in Gorna Orechovitsa and its Subsidiary Factories as a Separate Settlement
Get PDFThis contribution aims to describe the history of the Czech sugar factory in Gorna Oryahovitsa in Bulgaria. It presents the annotated transcript of an archival document written by one of the company’s high-ranking employees in the early 1930’s. The document contains comprehensive information about both the establishment of the sugar factory and its later development and operations. Thanks to this document, this contribution serves as a first introduction to the phenomenon of the largest sugar factory in the Balkans in its day, serving as a springboard for further study. The transcription is preceded by a short introduction into (the study of) the history of the Czech Gorna Oryahovitsa’s compatriot community, accompanied by a review of existing literature related to the topic.This contribution aims to describe the history of the Czech sugar factory in Gorna Oryahovitsa in Bulgaria. It presents the annotated transcript of an archival document written by one of the company’s high-ranking employees in the early 1930’s. The document contains comprehensive information about both the establishment of the sugar factory and its later development and operations. Thanks to this document, this contribution serves as a first introduction to the phenomenon of the largest sugar factory in the Balkans in its day, serving as a springboard for further study. The transcription is preceded by a short introduction into (the study of) the history of the Czech Gorna Oryahovitsa’s compatriot community, accompanied by a review of existing literature related to the topic
A Loving Home for Every Animal.: Civic Engagement of Founders of Dog and Cat Shelters.
Get PDFThis paper presents the findings of a qualitative study focused on the civic engagement of founders of associations operating dog and cat shelters. The author approaches the topic from the perspective of civil society studies, viewing it through the lens of social movements, utilizing models that analyze the relationship between volunteering and activism, and drawing on the political theory of animal rights, as developed in the concept of Zoopolis by Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka (2011). These approaches allow the author to capture the activist dimension of the shelter founders’ activities and to demonstrate how they challenge the legitimacy of power asymmetry in humananimal relationships. Although the principle of the “consent of the governed” has penetrated the relationship between humans and nature, civil society has never included animals or other non-human actors. However, the founders of private shelters treat the animals in their care as unique individuals, as beings with personality and agency who can and are invited to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Viewed in this way, the civic engagement of shelter founders raises questions about the boundaries of civil society, specifically the possibility of opening civil society to non-human species, even if they are only taking the first steps.This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study focused on the civic engagement of founders of associations operating dog and cat shelters. The author approaches the topic from the perspective of civil society studies, viewing it through the lens of social movements, utilizing models that analyze the relationship between volunteering and activism, and drawing on the political theory of animal rights, as developed in the concept of Zoopolis by Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka (2011). These approaches allow the author to capture the activist dimension of the shelter founders’ activities and to demonstrate how they challenge the legitimacy of power asymmetry in humananimal relationships. Although the principle of the “consent of the governed” has penetrated the relationship between humans and nature, civil society has never included animals or other non-human actors. However, the founders of private shelters treat the animals in their care as unique individuals, as beings with personality and agency who can and are invited to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Viewed in this way, the civic engagement of shelter founders raises questions about the boundaries of civil society, specifically the possibility of opening civil society to non-human species, even if they are only taking the first steps
Folkloric Imagery and Revolutionary Vision in Kofi Anyidoho’s A Harvest of Our Dreams: With Elegy for the Revolution
Get PDFFolklore is one of the core cultural values in traditional societies and writers who are conscious of its aesthetic relevance deploy it in their creative works. Folktale elicits imagery which underscores the relationship of humanity with nature and mythical elements. Writers exploit this relationship to establish traditionalism and pursue revolutionary vision in their works. Anyidoho uses his affiliation to, and understanding of, the Ewe cultural (one of the traditional societies in Ghana) milieu to comment on issues that are germane to the existence of the people in A Harvest of Our Dreams: With Elegy for the Revolution. This paper, through examination of some of the poems in the collection with Raymond Williams’s Cultural Materialism revealed that the poet, with poetic devices, uses folklore and traditional images to advocate for revolution in his society. The paper comes to the conclusion that the poems in the collection are replete with folklore and traditional imagery, which the poet deploys with poetic essence to satirise failings in his society
Metacognitive Strategies: Their Role in Instruction and in Enhancing Reading Comprehension
No full textPředkládaný článek se zaměřuje na vymezení pojmu metakognice v kontextu edukačního procesu. Podrobněji popisuje význam metakognitivních strategií při podpoře porozumění čtenému u žáků a studentů. Text rozlišuje metakognitivní strategie z hlediska dovedností a znalostí a přibližuje vybrané výzkumy, které potvrzují pozitivní dopad metakognitivního přístupu na efektivitu výuky. Následně jsou uvedeny konkrétní příklady implementace rozvoje metakognitivních strategií v pedagogické praxi. Závěr článku se věnuje vlivu těchto strategií na rozvoj čtenářské gramotnosti, se zvláštním důrazem na schopnost hlubšího porozumění textu.The presented article focuses on defining the concept of metacognition within the context of the educational process. It explores in greater detail the importance of metacognitive strategies in supporting reading comprehension among pupils and students. The text distinguishes metacognitive strategies in terms of skills and types of knowledge, and it presents selected research studies that demonstrate the positive impact of metacognitive approaches on instructional effectiveness. Subsequently, specific examples of the implementation of metacognitive strategy development in pedagogical practice are provided. The article concludes by highlighting the influence of these strategies on the development of reading literacy, with particular emphasis on the ability to attain deeper comprehension of texts
Development of language skills and metacognition and promotion of reading in pre-primary and primary education
No full textDruhé číslo osmého ročníku časopisu Gramotnost, pregramotnost a vzdělání přináší studie zaměřené na rozvoj rané gramotnosti, čtenářských kompetencí a metakognitivních strategií v předškolním a základním vzdělávání. Příspěvky zahrnují analýzu úprav Elkoninovy metody pro rozvoj jazykových schopností, teoretickou studii o roli metakognitivních strategií při porozumění čtenému a představení mezinárodního projektu Noc s Andersenem jako nástroje podpory čtenářství v multilingvní výchově.The second issue of the eighth volume of the journal Literacy, Pre-literacy, and Education presents studies focused on the development of early literacy, reading competence, and metacognitive strategies in preschool and primary education. The contributions include an analysis of modifications to the Elkonin method for fostering language skills, a theoretical study on the role of metacognitive strategies in reading comprehension, and a discussion of the international project Night with Andersen as a tool for promoting reading literacy in multilingual education
The Power of Inquiry-Based Chemical Change Lesson in Under-Resourced Classrooms: Perspectives of Grade 10 Learners
Get PDFThis qualitative study delves into the learner experience of inquiry-based lessons, uncovering the perceptions and insights of learners engaged in this pedagogical approach. Through focus group interviews, we gathered rich data that reveals a transformative learning environment characterized by active engagement, collaborative discourse, and autonomy. Learners embraced the opportunity to explore concepts independently, seeking clarification from peers and cultivating a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Notably, despite feeling unsupported by their teachers, learners perceived the limited teacher involvement as a liberating force, fostering independence and encouraging more extensive reading and peer discussion. Our findings resonate with existing research, underscoring the efficacy of inquiry-based learning in promoting learner-centeredness, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding. The study\u27s outcomes have significant implications for science education, highlighting the need for a paradigmatic shift from traditional teacher-centric approaches to learner-centered inquiry-based methods that empower students to take ownership of their learning.This qualitative study delves into the learner experience of inquiry-based lessons, uncovering the perceptions and insights of learners engaged in this pedagogical approach. Through focus group interviews, we gathered rich data that reveals a transformative learning environment characterized by active engagement, collaborative discourse, and autonomy. Learners embraced the opportunity to explore concepts independently, seeking clarification from peers and cultivating a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Notably, despite feeling unsupported by their teachers, learners perceived the limited teacher involvement as a liberating force, fostering independence and encouraging more extensive reading and peer discussion. Our findings resonate with existing research, underscoring the efficacy of inquiry-based learning in promoting learner-centeredness, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding. The study\u27s outcomes have significant implications for science education, highlighting the need for a paradigmatic shift from traditional teacher-centric approaches to learner-centered inquiry-based methods that empower students to take ownership of their learning