OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
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Šárka Havlíčková Kysová: Hastábhinaja. Gesta rukou v tradičním divadelním umění Indie.: Masarykova univerzita, Brno 2013, 236 s.
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The Resurrection of St. Barbara’s Church in Kutná Hora: A Chapter in the Cathedrals‘ Renovation in the 19th Century
Get PDFAt the time when images are transferred physically, as well as virtually, in time and space and are used in new contexts, we tend to perceive buildings as static images or permanent artifacts, and some of them are even set as symbols for their durability in time and space. Namely, they stand amidst the movement caused by the human need for narration. In the chapter In the Search of Not Quite Lost Time, N. N. Taleb (2011, 87–88) writes: “Our tendency to perceive – more precisely, to introduce – narrative structure and causality are a symptom of the same disease: reduction in the number of dimensions.” Reduction of the narration of the past occurs, according to Taleb, either because of our inability to remember the actual plot or because we tend to interpret past events in our own favor. Both of these general observations can (must) be applied to history, and history can be seen as a reduction of the past carried out by the historian while being determined by the objectives of constructing causal connections based on available and understandable sources. The French psychologist and historian Michele de Certeau (1925–1986) writes about the power of the narrative act, which he already observes in the descriptive text (which precedes the interpretation): “Description is a culturally creative act, it has distributive power and performative strength” (Certeau, 1996, 88). So we have many reasons to accept that the texts of historians are not innocent and cannot be objectively valid, but they represent powerful forces with more-or-less hidden individual, as well as collective, goals. In this study, I follow the use of historical narratives – arguments used in the political discourse of the 19th century with an implicit objective: to raise funds for the restoration and the extension of St. Barbara’s Church in Kutná Hora, both from the budget of the Austrian Empire and from the Provincial Assembly of the Bohemian Kingdom. This political effort reflected the process of Czech national emancipation within the Habsburg monarchy in the period of European historicism. One must admit that despite a number of substantive and conceptual reservations about these texts today, these historical and political narratives have enabled St. Barbara’s Church its significance, have kept it in religious service and in historical memory and consciousness, and have placed it on the national and world maps of art and cultural heritage. These narrations have had an undeniable impact on the practical implementation of the restoration work, i.e. what should be preserved from the past of the church and how, what should be added and what should be removed. Based on this example, it is possible to realize how narrations, for better or worse, have shaped and still shape our ideas of Czech and European identity and what affects our relationship to the nation and Europe
“Like the Ghetto – You Hurt Me, I Hurt You.”: Security and Street Violence in a Socially Excluded Locality
Get PDFThis paper empirically examines the meaning of security within a socially excluded locality. Drawing on critical security studies and cultural criminology, ethnographic research was conducted to make sense of security from the perspective of the excluded. We provide an account of the dominant security narrative identified in the investigated discourse, where street violence is recognized as the most serious threat to the well-being of a local population. Violence is understood both as a means of satisfying drug addiction and as a mechanism of creating ’respect’. The interpretation is further analyzed through a framework inspired by the thought of Pierre Bourdieu, utilizing the concepts of street culture field, street capital, and street habitus. In the conclusion of the article, we claim that street violence is not the manifestation of the Roma ethnicity, as some put it, but that it should be approached as a symptom of social marginalization instead
Ivan Murin: Neverbálna komunikácia v ritualizovanom správaní: Univerzita Mateja Bela, Banská Bystrica 2009, 143 s.
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Sto let od narození Jana Szczepańského
Get PDFObávám se, že jméno Jana Szczepańského většině dnešních českých sociálních vědců nic neřekne. Je to chyba a současně nelichotivé svědectví o stavu naší akademické obce. I kdyby Szczepański už neměl vůbec žádný odborný význam, což si rozhodně nemyslím, nepochybně patří mezi nejvýznamnější polské sociology uplynulého století a jeho vliv na obnovenou českou sociologii v šedesátých letech byl zcela zásadní
Editorial
Get PDFVážení čtenáři,
přinášíme první číslo XIX. ročníku e-journalu PAIDEIA.
Obsahuje pojednání Zuzany Svobodové o radách sv. Augustina k výchově a vyučování a hned dva texty týkající se Jana Amose Komenského: Michal Zlatoš píše o problematice času u Komenského a Jaroslava Očenášová analyzuje Komenského synkritickou metodu. Dále přinášíme první část rozsáhlejší studie Adély Dluhošové o autismu z hlediska hermeneutiky a František Kubica rozebírá pojem žádostivosti v Hegelově myšlení.Dear readers,
we present the first issue of the XIXth volume of the e-journal PAIDEIA.
It contains a treatise by Zuzana Svobodová on St Augustine’s advice on education and teaching and two texts on Jan Amos Comenius: Michal Zlatoš writes about the problem of time in Comenius’ works and Jaroslava Očenášová analyses Comenius’ syncretic method. We also present the first part of a larger study by Adéla Dluhošová on autism from the point of view of hermeneutics, and František Kubica analyses the concept of desire in Hegel’s thought
Well-being of Teachers and Pupils at School – a Topical Issue with a Variety of Approaches
No full textPřehledová studie se věnuje pojmu, jenž vzbuzuje v posledních desetiletích zvýšený zájem odborníků z různých oborů, třebaže jeho základy položili filozofové už v antickém Řecku (viz dva základní přístupy – hedonismus a eudaimonismus). Navíc jde o pojem, pro nějž se obtížně hledá český ekvivalent. Mnozí čeští autoři tento pojem nepřekládají a pracují s celosvětově používaným anglickým termínem well-being. Jiná skupina českých autorů pracuje s termínem pohoda či osobní pohoda. Výklad celé problematiky je rozdělen do osmi částí. První část přibližuje staletou historii pojmu pohoda (well-being) a jeho proměny od antiky až po dnešek. Druhá část shrnuje současné snahy o definování pojmu pohoda a upozorňuje, že odborníci zatím nedospěli ke konsenzu. Třetí část nabízí přehled celého spektra teorií pohody a snaží se vysvětlit, z čeho vycházejí, na co kladou důraz a jak se dají využít. Čtvrtá část je zajímavá tím, že ukazuje, jak se jednotlivé vědní obory navzájem odlišují v chápání pohody a v práci s ní. Pro ilustraci byly vybrány tyto obory: medicína, pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a nejnovější trend – multidisciplinární přístup. Pátá část přehledové studie prezentuje rozdílné typy pohody, které se v zahraniční odborné literatuře objevují. Naše analýza identifikovala celkem 30 různých typů pohody. Šestá část výkladu se soustřeďuje na diagnostikování pohody. Nabízí soubor 21 dotazníků zjišťujících míru pohody u dětí, adolescentů i dospělých osob. Sedmá část si zvolila téma, které zajímá širokou veřejnost, neboť se zamýšlí nad současnými poznatky o pohodě a nepohodě v prostředí školy. Poslední, osmá část přehledové studie nabízí pohled na intervence, které se snaží zlepšovat úroveň pohody u dětí a adolescentů.This review study focuses on a concept that has attracted increased interest among experts of various disciplines in recent decades, although its foundations were laid by philosophers as early as ancient Greece (see the two basic approaches – hedonism and eudaimonism). Moreover, it is a concept for which it is difficult to find a Czech equivalent. Many Czech authors do not translate this term and work with the globally used English term well-being. Another group of Czech authors works with the term “pohoda” or “osobní pohoda”. The interpretation of the whole issue is divided into eight parts. The first part presents the long history of the term well-being and its transformations from antiquity to the present day. The second part summarises current efforts to define well-being and points out that experts have not yet reached a consensus. The third part offers an overview of the whole spectrum of theories of well-being and seeks to explain what they are based on, what they emphasize and how they can be used. The fourth part is interesting in that it shows how the different disciplines differ from each other in their understanding of and work with well-being. The following disciplines have been chosen to illustrate this: medicine, education, psychology, sociology and the latest trend – a multidisciplinary approach. The fifth part of the review study presents different types of well-being that appear in the international literature. Our analysis identified a total of 30 different types of well-being. The sixth part of the interpretation focuses on diagnosing well-being. It offers a set of 21 questionnaires measuring well-being in children, adolescents and adults. The seventh part chooses a topic of interest to the general public as it considers current knowledge about well-being and discomfort in the school setting. The final, eighth, part of the review offers a look at interventions that seek to improve well-being levels in children and adolescents
Decolonizing Narratives : Rethinking Indian Collections In Ethnographic Museums In Germany
Get PDFIn the last few decades, ethnographic museums in Europe have witnessed a change in curatorial and display practices. With critical attention to differentiation and Othering resulting from the interconnected experiences of imperialism and coloniality, the role and responsibility of museums is evolving, intended at decolonizing exhibitions and narratives. However, the impact of decolonial approaches in those museum exhibitions in Europe, where colonial contexts are indirect, i.e., not involving territorial occupation, remains underexplored. This paper aims to critically analyse one such less explored context, focusing on Indian collections in German museums. Taking the case of Indian collections in the erstwhile Prussian State holdings in Berlin (now housed in the Humboldt Forum), it traces the historical, institutional, and sociopolitical contexts in which they were acquired and continue to be displayed. This discussion is interlaced with interest in Indology–the study of Indian culture, history, and literature, which gained momentum in the 19th century. Engaging a theoretical-analytical lens, the paper examines how colonial knowledge systems shaped certain narratives and how they are reflected inthe current exhibition. Moreover, it explores the use of contemporary strategies, influenced by the ongoing decolonizing discourses and their impact on presenting the story of Indian collections in German museums today.In the last few decades, ethnographic museums in Europe have witnessed a change in curatorial and display practices. With critical attention to differentiation and Othering resulting from the interconnected experiences of imperialism and coloniality, the role and responsibility of museums is evolving, intended at decolonizing exhibitions and narratives. However, the impact of decolonial approaches in those museum exhibitions in Europe, where colonial contexts are indirect, i.e., not involving territorial occupation, remains underexplored. This paper aims to critically analyse one such less explored context, focusing on Indian collections in German museums. Taking the case of Indian collections in the erstwhile Prussian State holdings in Berlin (now housed in the Humboldt Forum), it traces the historical, institutional, and sociopolitical contexts in which they were acquired and continue to be displayed. This discussion is interlaced with interest in Indology–the study of Indian culture, history, and literature, which gained momentum in the 19th century. Engaging a theoretical-analytical lens, the paper examines how colonial knowledge systems shaped certain narratives and how they are reflected inthe current exhibition. Moreover, it explores the use of contemporary strategies, influenced by the ongoing decolonizing discourses and their impact on presenting the story of Indian collections in German museums today
The Deadlock Of The Decolonization Of Museums: When The Colonizer Becomes The Decolonizer
Get PDFMuseums have traditionally served as custodians of cultural heritage, yet their history is inextricably linked with colonialism, often involving the acquisition of artefacts through coercion, exploitation, and violence. This article explores the complex and controversial legacy of national museums, particularly those with colonial histories, as they confront increasing demands for decolonization. By examining the historical context, including pivotal events such as the Berlin Conference and the Scramble for Africa, this article highlights the systemic looting and cultural destruction that have shaped these institutions. The analysis focuses on the ongoing global movement towards restitution and the challenges museums face in addressing their colonial pasts, exemplified by the British Museum and the Humboldt Forum. The latter, inaugurated in 2021, symbolizes the persistent influence of colonialism and the difficulties in achieving genuine decolonization. Despite efforts towards restitution and inclusivity, museums continue to grapple with deeply rooted colonial legacies, raising questions about their ability and willingness to undergo fundamental transformation. This article underscores the need for a comprehensive reassessment of museum practices and narratives, advocating for a more equitable approach to cultural preservation and representation.Museums have traditionally served as custodians of cultural heritage, yet their history is inextricably linked with colonialism, often involving the acquisition of artefacts through coercion, exploitation, and violence. This article explores the complex and controversial legacy of national museums, particularly those with colonial histories, as they confront increasing demands for decolonization. By examining the historical context, including pivotal events such as the Berlin Conference and the Scramble for Africa, this article highlights the systemic looting and cultural destruction that have shaped these institutions. The analysis focuses on the ongoing global movement towards restitution and the challenges museums face in addressing their colonial pasts, exemplified by the British Museum and the Humboldt Forum. The latter, inaugurated in 2021, symbolizes the persistent influence of colonialism and the difficulties in achieving genuine decolonization. Despite efforts towards restitution and inclusivity, museums continue to grapple with deeply rooted colonial legacies, raising questions about their ability and willingness to undergo fundamental transformation. This article underscores the need for a comprehensive reassessment of museum practices and narratives, advocating for a more equitable approach to cultural preservation and representation
Juraj Buzalka: Postsedliaci. Slovenský ľudový protest.
Get PDFA review of the book by Zdeněk R. Nešpor.A review of the book by Zdeněk R. Nešpor