OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
Not a member yet
3648 research outputs found
Sort by
“I’ll find you, man. ’Cuz we still have the same spots.”: The Places of the Homeless in the Public Space
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to interpret the construction of “homeless places” within the public space. Drawing from the concepts of practice and of narration of places, from my long-term ethnographic fieldwork in a Czech mid-sized city, from semi-structured interviews with institutional actors, and from the analysis of media messages and other materials, I describe the representations of “homeless places” by institutional actors (politicians, municipal policemen, etc.). Further, I reinterpret the key aspects of these representations from the perspective of ethnographic data and present a categorization schema, through which the homeless differentiate and practice places in the public space. The main issues structuring the representations produced by institutional actors and by media messages consist of “coercive begging”, public alcohol drinking and aggression (associated with criminality). However, the conditions leading to these practices are greatly under-represented. Alcohol consumption represents an important part of solidarity mechanisms, establishing the boundaries of a particular homeless group and allowing for its survival. Aggression, as a marginal practice, may be viewed partly as serving the function of defending these solidarity mechanisms, and partly as a result of the frequent “cabin fevers” and of specific “meeting rituals”. The so-called “coercive begging” is also a rather marginal practice, performed by a few “active begging specialists”. In the final section of the article, I describe examples of “homeless places” based on 11 categories (dimensions of contrast), with a special focus on the communal activities creating these places, on the interplay between the practices of the homeless and of the physical attributes of places, and on the maintenance of these places in everyday narratives and interactions. In this respect, a specific part of public space can designate two very different places, depending on the actors who create them (i.e. the institutional actors and the media versus the homeless)
information theory and comparison method
No full textStudie je upravenou a doplněnou kapitolou odborné monografie Výtvarné umění a hudba.Tektonika a struktura II/1 připravené k vydání v nakladatelství Karolinum a doposud nebylanikde publikována. Druhá část komparační studie zkoumá předpoklady uplatnění teorie informace v analýzevýtvarného díla, jejíž struktura je ve srovnání s hudbou odlišná. Důležitým východiskem jejednak Arnheimova Entropie umění. Esej o neuspořádanosti a řádu a zejména pak průlomovámonografie Umberta Eca Otevřené dílo. Klíčovým závěrem studie je argumentace dominantnírole teorie informace v analýze abstraktního umění – především abstraktního expresionismu –jako důsledek implantace prvků hudebního myšlení do specifiky myšlení výtvarného, a to jakz hlediska formy, tak i obsahu.The study is an edited and supplemented chapter of the specialist monograph Fine Arts and Music.Tectonics and Structure II/1, which is being prepared for publication by Karolinum Press and has not yet beenpublished anywhere. The second part of the comparative study examines the prerequisites for applying information theory in the analysis ofworks of art, whose structure differs from that of music. An important starting point isArnheim\u27s Entropy of Art: An Essay on Disorder and Order and, in particular, Umberto Eco\u27s groundbreakingmonograph The Open Work. The key conclusion of the study is the argument for the dominantrole of information theory in the analysis of abstract art—especially abstract expressionism—as a result of the implantation of elements of musical thinking into the specifics of artistic thinking, bothin terms of form and content
The notion of desire in G. W. F. Hegel
Get PDFPojem žádostivosti u G. W. F. Hegela. – Tento článek začíná popisem stádií vývoje vědomí, které je podstatnou součástí seberozvoje Ducha. Na jednom ze stupňů, sebeuvědomění, se objevuje žádostivost, která je podle Hegela snahou o uznání ze strany ostatních subjektů.The notion of desire in G. W. F. Hegel. – This article opens with the description of stages of the development of consciousness, an essential part of the self-development of the Spirit. On one of the stages, self-consciousness, the desire appears, which is, according to Hegel, the striving for acknowledgement by other subjects
Results of Czech gymnasium students in the TIMSS Advanced 1995 specialized physics test repeated in 2023
Get PDFThe paper presents the first results of the TIMSS Advanced 1995 specialized physics test re-administered to final-year students of gymnasiums in the Czech Republic in 2023. In 2023, we used the original test booklets from 1995 in paper form. Of 90 gymnasiums from 1995, 72 participated in the repeated survey. Another 10 gymnasiums participated as replacement schools. In 1995, 819 students participated in the physics test. In the paper, we work with a sample of 1602 students from 2023. The overall mean achievement of students has decreased significantly compared to 1995. Males worsened more than females. Student mean achievement significantly lowered in all five physics content areas. The largest decrease in mean was observed in items from mechanics. More than a 10% decrease in the mean achievement most often appeared in items from the area of modern physics. In the case of open-ended items to which students had to create their own answers, the decrease in mean achievement was mainly due to the fact that students did not solve them at all. This may be due to the lower knowledge of the students caused by the reduction in the number of lessons devoted to teaching physics, but also to the lower motivation of the students when solving the test.The paper presents the first results of the TIMSS Advanced 1995 specialized physics test re-administered to final-year students of gymnasiums in the Czech Republic in 2023. In 2023, we used the original test booklets from 1995 in paper form. Of 90 gymnasiums from 1995, 72 participated in the repeated survey. Another 10 gymnasiums participated as replacement schools. In 1995, 819 students participated in the physics test. In the paper, we work with a sample of 1602 students from 2023. The overall mean achievement of students has decreased significantly compared to 1995. Males worsened more than females. Student mean achievement significantly lowered in all five physics content areas. The largest decrease in mean was observed in items from mechanics. More than a 10% decrease in the mean achievement most often appeared in items from the area of modern physics. In the case of open-ended items to which students had to create their own answers, the decrease in mean achievement was mainly due to the fact that students did not solve them at all. This may be due to the lower knowledge of the students caused by the reduction in the number of lessons devoted to teaching physics, but also to the lower motivation of the students when solving the test
Critical notes on "Myths of the Bohemian Tribe" by Dušan Třeštík
No full textDiskuse a rozepřeDiscussions and Debate
Dušan Třeštík, Mýty kmene Čechů (7.-10. století). Tři studie ke "Starým pověstem českým".: Pro koho by měla být vysokoškolská výuka historie
No full textRecenzeBook revie
Zdeněk Beneš, ed., Zdeněk Kalista, Cesty historikova myšlení. Prameny k moderní české historiografii.: Pro koho by měla být vysokoškolská výuka historie
No full textRecenzeBook revie
Jana Machačová, Jiří Matějček, Nástin sociálního vývoje českých zemí 1780–1914
No full textRecenzeBook revie
From the Shiftless to the Unemployed: Social Policy from the Perspective of the History of Ideas
No full textThis article focuses on the genesis of the concept of "unemployment". The concept as we understand it today took root at the close of the 19th century, at a time when the first – very tentative – forms of unemployment insurance began to appear. here, I am trying to capture the language used in the past to describe people who did not work, which of course was to influence the way society was to deal with such non-working people. Liberalism in the 19th century and the ideas on the nature and tasks of man in the world that were associated with it created an anthropological description in which the importance of material assistance was supplanted by the disciplining and moral edification of fallen individuals which may be found in pre-liberal practice in the age of European mercantilism. Classical political economics also had difficulties explaining unemployment scientifically. Under its influence particularly in the first half of the 19th century, attention was shifted to an individualising explanation of the origins of unemployment, situating it to a large extent within the sphere of individual responsibility. I stress here the discursive "invention" of unemployment as opposed to what is perhaps a more ingrained idea today: that unemployment simply derives from the objective economic conditions that hold under capitalism.This article focuses on the genesis of the concept of "unemployment". The concept as we understand it today took root at the close of the 19th century, at a time when the first – very tentative – forms of unemployment insurance began to appear. here, I am trying to capture the language used in the past to describe people who did not work, which of course was to influence the way society was to deal with such non-working people. Liberalism in the 19th century and the ideas on the nature and tasks of man in the world that were associated with it created an anthropological description in which the importance of material assistance was supplanted by the disciplining and moral edification of fallen individuals which may be found in pre-liberal practice in the age of European mercantilism. Classical political economics also had difficulties explaining unemployment scientifically. Under its influence particularly in the first half of the 19th century, attention was shifted to an individualising explanation of the origins of unemployment, situating it to a large extent within the sphere of individual responsibility. I stress here the discursive "invention" of unemployment as opposed to what is perhaps a more ingrained idea today: that unemployment simply derives from the objective economic conditions that hold under capitalism