OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
Not a member yet
3648 research outputs found
Sort by
Jiří Štaif, Obezřetná elita. Česká společnost mezi tradicí a revolucí 1830–1851
No full textRecenzeBook revie
Volker Kruse, "Geschichts- und Sozialphilosophie" oder "Wirklichkeitswissenschaft"?, Duk-Yung Kim, Georg Simmel und Max Weber.
No full textRecenzeBook revie
Christophe Charle, Intelektuálové v Evropě, Christophe Charle, Paříž na přelomu století.
No full textRecenzeBook revie
Belles Lettres and Historical Fact: Fiction as a Symbol and Source in Writing on Russian and Central European History
No full textThis article is concerned with the historical construction of images of Russia and Central Europe through fiction and looks at the pitfalls of using fiction as a historical source. In addition, the author uses concrete examples to consider Russian and Central European novelists´ interest in history and to analyse the way they perceive the past. She is critical of the fragmentary fashion in which Western historians use images of Russian life in Russian fiction, sometimes oversimplifying and distorting. At the same time she raises a basic question for the image of the past: how was fiction read at the time of its writing and how has fiction been used in the framework of social and cultural communication. At the theoretical level, she reaches the conclusion that historians will have to create their own methods, distinct from the methods of literary critics, for establishing the importance that fiction had at a particular time, in a particular political situation and within a certain social class or group.This article is concerned with the historical construction of images of Russia and Central Europe through fiction and looks at the pitfalls of using fiction as a historical source. In addition, the author uses concrete examples to consider Russian and Central European novelists´ interest in history and to analyse the way they perceive the past. She is critical of the fragmentary fashion in which Western historians use images of Russian life in Russian fiction, sometimes oversimplifying and distorting. At the same time she raises a basic question for the image of the past: how was fiction read at the time of its writing and how has fiction been used in the framework of social and cultural communication. At the theoretical level, she reaches the conclusion that historians will have to create their own methods, distinct from the methods of literary critics, for establishing the importance that fiction had at a particular time, in a particular political situation and within a certain social class or group
The History of Historical Science. A Normative Story of One´s Own Field or a Reflexive History of Cultural Praxis? On the Collection German Medieval Studies in the Czech Lands up to 1945
No full textThis polemic article is a reaction to the collection Německá medievistika v českých zemích do roku 1945 / German Medieval Studies in the Czech Lands up to 1945. In it the author considers contemporary Czech scholarship on German historiography of the end of the 19th and first half of the 20th century and criticises the methodologically unexplained limitation of the work to medieval studies. He argues against the rigid division of German historiography into university and regional and the unambiguous definition of economic and social history as the matrix for distinguishing between two German historiographies. From the methodological point of view he challenges the use of almost any kind of normative assumptions when writing the history of historiography. He regards the best research approaches to be those that use biographical analysis to uncover the strategic practice of specific historians. Conversely he questions studies concerned with identifying the contribution of Germans historians to the crimes of Nazism and its legitimisation, and takes a sceptical view of the possibility of distinguishing between ideological "deformation" and "pure scholarship".This polemic article is a reaction to the collection Německá medievistika v českých zemích do roku 1945 / German Medieval Studies in the Czech Lands up to 1945. In it the author considers contemporary Czech scholarship on German historiography of the end of the 19th and first half of the 20th century and criticises the methodologically unexplained limitation of the work to medieval studies. He argues against the rigid division of German historiography into university and regional and the unambiguous definition of economic and social history as the matrix for distinguishing between two German historiographies. From the methodological point of view he challenges the use of almost any kind of normative assumptions when writing the history of historiography. He regards the best research approaches to be those that use biographical analysis to uncover the strategic practice of specific historians. Conversely he questions studies concerned with identifying the contribution of Germans historians to the crimes of Nazism and its legitimisation, and takes a sceptical view of the possibility of distinguishing between ideological "deformation" and "pure scholarship"
Didactics of first-year writing in the context of entry skills and attitudes of first-year teacher education students
No full textPříspěvek předkládá výsledky výzkumného šetření zaměřeného na úroveň grafomotorických dovedností studentů prvních ročníků učitelství PF TU v Liberci. Cílem bylo získat vstupní informace o výchozím stavu dovedností a postojů studentů jako podklad pro zaměření následné výuky. Výzkumný vzorek zahrnoval 101 studentů učitelství 1. stupněZŠ, učitelství MŠ a pedagogických studií. Hodnocen byl písemný projev studentů formou analýzy napsané vzorové věty, úchop psací potřeby pomocí fotodokumentace a výstupy z dotazníku zaměřeného na perspektivu výuky prvopočátečního psaní v horizontu 10–20 let s ohledem na neustálý rozvoj digitálních technologií. Výsledky ukázaly, že cca 70 % studentů píše úhledným písmem, pouze 5 % respondentů má písmo méně úhledné a některá slova jsouobtížněji čitelná. Z hlediska držení psací potřeby je výsledek překvapivější, pouze 34 % studentů má správný úchop. Ze zbývajících 66 % nesprávného úchopu převažuje křečovitý úchop s prohnutým ukazováčkem. Pozitivním zjištěním je, že studenti považují výuku prvopočátečního psaní za velmi důležitou, 56 % se domnívá, že by výuka měla zůstat ve stejné podobě nebo pouze s drobnými úpravami, 37 % respondentů se přiklání k výuce psaní v menším rozsahu a pouze 7 % předpokládá, že ji v budoucnu zcela převáží digitální technologie. Výsledky průzkumu potvrzují skutečnost, že ke studiu učitelství se hlásí uchazeči s kladným vztahem k oboru a že výuka na FP TUL má dobrý potenciál pro rozvoj prvopočátečního čtení a psaní u žáků na 1. stupni ZŠ.The paper presents results of the research investigation that was focused on the level of graphomotor skills among fi rst year students of the Faculty of Education at Liberec. The study aimed to gather information about the baseline state of students‘ skills and attitudes as a foundation for subsequent instruction. The research sample consisted of 101 students who were enrolled in fi rst-year programs for primary school teaching, kindergarten teaching, and pedagogical studies. The students‘ written expression was evaluated through the analysis of written sample sentences, grip of writing materials through photographic documentation, and the results of a questionnaire that focused on the perspective of teaching primary writing in the next 10–20 years in light of the ongoing advancement of digital technologies. The fi ndings revealed that approximately 70 % of the students wrote neatly, and that only 5 % of the respondents had worse handwriting, where some words were less readable. In terms of grip on writing utensils, the results were somewhat surprising, with only 34 % of students having a good grip. Of the remaining 66 % with incorrect grip, a spasmodic grip with a bent index fi nger was found to predominate. A very positive fi nding was that students deemed the teaching of early writing to be very important; 56 % believed that teaching should remain the same or with only minor modifi cations, 37 % of respondents were in favor of teaching to a lesser extent, and only 7 % expected it to be completely overtaken by digital technology. The results of the survey confi rm that individuals with a positive attitude towards the field apply to study teaching, and that instruction at the TUL FP has a good potential for the development of early reading and writing skills among pupils at primary school level 1
Reading Skills among Pupils at Third Grafe of Elementary Schools
No full textPředkládaný příspěvek je věnován popisu nižších čtenářských dovedností (dovednosti dekódování) u žáků, kteří si čtení osvojili metodou splývavého čtení Sfumato; a následnému srovnání výkonů v testech čtenářských dovedností mezi žáky třech metod čtení (Sfumato, Analyticko-syntetické a genetické). Do studie bylo zapojeno celkem 45 žáků 3. ročníku vyučovaných metodou čtení Sfumato. Žákům byly administrovány subtesty nižších čtenářských dovedností diagnostické baterie PorTex. Získaná data jsou následně porovnávána s výkony žáků vyučovaných metodami analyticko-syntetickou (N=152) a genetickou (N=61) prostřednictvím analýzy rozptylu (ANOVA), doplněnou post-hoc testem (Games-Howell). V oblasti dekódovacích dovedností bylo zjištěno hned více statisticky významných rozdílů mezi metodami čtení. Tyto rozdíly se týkaly rychlosti a plynulosti čtení. Předkládaný článek popisuje jednu z prvních studií, která se zaměřuje na vývojovou dynamiku osvojování čtenářských dovedností u metody čtení Sfumato. Výsledky výzkumu mohou být užitečné nejen pro oblast primární pedagogiky, ale také psychologického a speciálně-pedagogického poradenství. Práce přináší nové podněty pro rozšíření testování napříč dalšími ročníky a následné zapracování specifi k dané metody do norem čteníThis study is focused on the description of lower reading skills (decoding skills) in pupils taught by the Sfumato reading method; and the comparison of performance in reading skills test between pupils of three reading methods (Sfumato, Analytical-synthetic and Genetic). A total of 45 3rd grade elementary school pupils taught by the Sfumato reading method were involved in the study. Pupils were administered the lower reading skills subtests of the PorTex diagnostic battery. The obtained data are subsequently compared with the performances of the students taught analytical-synthetic (N=152) and genetic (N=61) methods by analysis of variance (ANOVA), supplemented by a post-hoc test (Games-Howell). In the area of decoding skills, several statistics signifi cant differences between reading methods were found. These differences realte to reading speed and fl uency. The present article describes one of the fi rst studies that focuses on the developmental dynamics of the acquisition of reading skills in the Sfumato reading method. The research results can be useful not only for the fi eld of elementary pedagogy, but also for psychological and special pedagogical counseling. The work brings new ideas for the expansion of testing across other grades and the subsequent processing of the specifics of the given method into reading standards
“It is different from how it looks in the media.”: Dissatisfaction with politics and perspective of MPs
Get PDFTo understand the causes of political dissatisfaction is of great importance in the Czech Republic. Unlike in traditional democracies, it is satisfaction or dissatisfaction with politics that affects the degree of legitimacy of its democratic system. Existing knowledge offers several possible explanations of this phenomenon. The most universal among them is the public assessment of the quality of various aspects of politics and politicians. Following this, this article argues that these findings lack complexity, because they do not reflect the perspective of politicians. The article is based on the assumption that the political (dis)satisfaction and legitimacy of democracy are created in a cyclical process of mutual interaction between the public and politics. So, if the public formulates certain policy change requirements, politicians can potentially respond to them. The main problem is that they do not do that and existing research has no explanation for this. Based on an analysis of interviews with Czech MPs, this article argues that politicians do not respond adequately to public demands because their experience with politics is organised in a specific way. The public organises its experience with politics differently, because media news are the main source of its information about politics. In the form of the organisation of political experience of MPs, it is essential that they perceive political phenomena in a broader context, that they differentiate the degree of importance and relevance of their own experience with them in a specific way, and that they also transform the meaning of some of their aspects. In their perspective, it is, therefore, not the existing form of politics nor even the politicians themselves that should change, it is the public that should change
