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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Community Towards Bovine Tuberculosis in Dabo Hana District of Buno Bedelle Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
No full textn Ethiopia, there seems to be lower knowledge, attitude, and practice of the community on
bovine tuberculosis. Therefore, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from
March 2024 to October 2024 to assess the community’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices
toward the disease in the Dabo Hana district of the Buno Bedelle zone, Oromia regional state,
South-Western Ethiopia. A total of 422 randomly selected study participants were interviewed
face-to-face to collect appropriate information. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, percentage, or proportion. A
binary logistic regression technique was used to determine the association between socio-
demographic characteristics and communities’ KAP of bovine tuberculosis in the area. The
confidence interval was considered at 95%, and p < 0.05 was set for significance. From a total
of study participants, 48.6% were between the ages of 18-35, 45.9% of them were between
36-50, and 5.5% of them were between 51-90 years old. Based on gender, 68% of the
respondents were male, while 32% of them were female. During this study, married
respondents were higher (82.2%) compared with unattached (17.8%) respondents. Among all
respondents, 41% of them were educated, while 249 (59%) of them were not. Concerning the
occupational status of participants, 332 (78.7%) were farmers, 6.4% were government
employees, 4.9% were merchants, 10% were labor workers, and 94.8% of them had cattle.
The overall mean score of knowledge indicated that 68.5% of the participants had good
knowledge toward bovine tuberculosi
Effect of intercropping oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) on yield, yield component, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of oats in the highland area of Guji zone, southern Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intercropping three oat varieties (Bonsa,
Bareda, and Bate) with common vetch at different row arrangements on the yield, yield
component, feed quality traits and gas production of oats in the highland area of the Guji
Zone, Southern Oromia and Ethiopia. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement
with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three row arrangement (1:1, 1:2, and
2:1). Three oat varieties were intercropped with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in three
replications. Before planting and after the forage was harvested, soil samples were taken and
examined for soil nutrient levels. Agronomic performances yield and yield components, in vitro
digestibility, gas production, and chemical composition were measure
Assessment of the Status and Factors Affecting the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Ubadebresthay District Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia
No full textThe advancing threat of soil erosion continues to put sustainable livelihoods at risk in the
study area. However, sustained use of these practices is far below the expectation. The
study was aimed to assess the status and determinant factors affecting the adoption of soil
and water conservation practices by small holder famers in the study area. A Mixed
research approach was employed to conduct this study. A stratified sampling technique
was employed to draw sample household head
Geoinformatics and AHP multi criteria decision making integrated f lood hazard zone mapping over Modjo catchment, Awash river basin, central Ethiopia
Full text linkFlood hazards are natural disasters that profoundly influence the environment and society. To effectively control the
incidence of flooding, it is crucial to identify and map regions susceptible to flooding. The Modjo catchment is frequently
hampered by flooding, making it crucial to map and identify flood hazard zones. This study aimed to identify and locate
the flood hazard zones of the Modjo catchment employing the integrated use of multi-criteria decision-making and
geoinformatics tools. Ten influencing factors were used to develop flood hazard zones: drainage density, curvature,
rainfall, distance from the river, soil type, elevation, slope, topographic wetness index, land use/cover, and the normal
ized difference vegetation index. Subsequently, raster-formatted thematic layers of these influencing elements were
created, and appropriate weighting was assigned based on their relative responses to the occurrence of flood events
and overlayed using the overlay GIS spatial analysis tool. The flood hazard potential zone in the study area was generated
and classified into five groups: negligible, low, intermediate, high, and severe. According to the results, the negligible,
low, intermediate, high, and severe zones were represented by 0.686% (9.74 km2), 16.73516% (237.5649 km2) 74.12%
(1052.28 km2), 8.44% (119.94 km2), and 0.0012% (0.018 km2), respectively. The weighting and ranking processes are well
reflected in the final flood hazard zone map. The results revealed that a substantial area of the catchment is at risk. Ulti
mately, 29 observed flood datasets were used to confirm the outcome, yielding an accuracy of > 75% and an area under
the ROC curve of 0.868. Most of the flood point data were found in high and severe regions. Considering the verified
results, relevant organizations should participate in creating sustainable management plans
ASSESSMENT of GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES USING GIS and REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES in THE MUGER WATERSHED, ABBAY BASIN, ETHIOPIA
No full textGroundwater is one of the most dynamic natural resources, but its distribution varies over time
and across locations. Factors such as climate change, overexploitation, and poor management
have made it increasingly important to assess groundwater resources for sustainable use in
residential, agricultural, and industrial sectors. Assessing suitable groundwater potential zones
primarily depends on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS).
The study area lacks comprehensive information on the distribution and characteristics of
groundwater potential zones, hindering effective management and extraction. This study maps the
groundwater potential zones of the Muger Watershed in Ethiopia using GIS and remote sensing,
integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study uses seven thematic layers that
influence groundwater potential: slope, rainfall, lithology, land use/land cover, drainage density,
soil types, and lineament density. The study integrates and overlays these thematic layers in GIS
using a weighted overlay analysis tool, while the AHP method ranks the layers and their associated
sub-themes based on their suitability, attributes, and influence on groundwater potential zones.
The study classifies groundwater prospects into five categories: very high, high, moderate, low,
and very low. These categories cover 2.485%, 54.554%, 32.22%, 10.715%, and 0.022% of the
landscape, respectively. The current well locations verified the groundwater potential map,
showing an accuracy of 80%. The resulting potentiality mapping has been essential for the
sustainable development and management of water resources in the research region. It
demonstrates the validity of the delineated groundwater potential zone maps
Assessment of Major Foliar Diseases and Screening Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaries L.) Genotypes Susceptibility to Angular Leaf Spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacco.) Ferraris) in Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textThe cultivation and usage of common beans are widely practiced in Borana zone, where most
farmers are agro-pastoralist and produce the crop mainly for home consumption and
household income generation. However, its production and productivity are constrained by
several factors. Among the factors, foliar diseases are the major biotic factor that affects bean
productivity in the region. Hence, to provide a valuable input which contributes in solving
this production constraint, the present study was conducted with the objectives of studying the
relative importance of major foliar diseases of common bean; and further evaluates the
significance of host resistance in the management of the angular leaf spot (ALS). The
assessment was done in Yabello, Teltelle, and Elwaye districts in 2023. The districts were
selected purposively based on the potential of bean cultivation. Accordingly, 4 kebeles were
selected per district and the assessment was done at 4-7km intervals. A simple random
sampling method was used to collect disease samples which were performed at 5 points in a
W-shaped fashion per field with 1m 2 quadrat. The collecte
Assessment of Sero-Prevalence of Camel Brucellosis, Risk Factors, and Community awareness in Borena Zone, Oromia, Southern Ethiopia
No full textBrucellosis, caused by gram-negative bacteria, is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting
domestic animals and wildlife, particularly prevalent in East Africa, including Ethiopia. This
study aimed to estimate seroprevalence of camel brucellosis, associated risk factors and
assessment of community knowledge about brucellosis in the study area. Across-sectional
study was conducted from January to December 2024 in the Gomole and Elwaye Districts of
Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 384 camels from 74 house hold (herds) were
randomly sampled. Serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal plate test, with
positive cases confirmed by an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The
overall prevalence of camel Brucellosis was found to be 2.86%with 95% and (CI: 1.6-5.1)
(3.6% in Elwaye and 2.1% in Gomole), with a herd-level prevalence of 13.51%with 95% and
(CI:7.5-23.1)
መስተጋብራዊ የማንበብ ሞዳሌ የተማሪዎችን የንባብ ክሂሌና ተነሳሽነት ሇማዲበር ያሇዉ ፋይዲ
No full textየዚህ ጥናት ዋና አሊማ፣መስተጋብራዊ የንባብ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ የተማሪዎችን የንባብ
ክሂሌና ተነሳሽነት ሇማዲበር ያሇው ፋይዲን መፈተሸ ነው።ጥናቱ ከፍሌ ፍትነታዊ
የአጠናን ዘዳን በመከተሌ የተከናወነ ሲሆን፣ተተኳሪ ተማሪዎችን ተራ የዕጣ ናሙና
በመጠቀምና ስዴስት (6) መምህራንን በጠቅሊይ ናሙና በመምረጥ ጥናቱ
ተካሂዶሌ።ሇጥናቱ ተግባራዊነት የክፍሌ ውስጥ ምሌከታ፣ሇተማሪዎች የቀረበውን
ጽሐፍ መጠይቅንና ሇመምህራን የቀረበውን ቃሇመጠይቅ እንዯመረጃ መሰብሰቢያ
መሳሪያ በመጠቀም ሇጥናቱ የሚሆኑ መረጃዎችን ሇመሰብሰብ ተችሎሌ።ጥናቱ ቅይጥ
ዘዳ የመረጃ አተናተን ስሌት በመከተሌ የተተነተነ ሲሆን፣ በትንተናው ሂዯት
ከተማሪዎች በጽሐፍ መጠይቅ የተገኙ መረጃዎችን በSPSS version 20 በሚባሇው
መረጃ መተንተኛ በመጠቀሞ አማካይ( mean) እና የሌይይት መጠን (standard
deviation)
ሇማስቀመጥ ተሞክሯሌ። ከጥናቱ ውጤት በተገኘው መረጃ መሠረት፣
መስተጋብራዊ የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ የተማሪዎችን አንብቦ መረዲት
ክሂሌን ሇማሻሻሌ ያሇውን አስተዋጽኦን በተመሇከተ፣ በመስተጋብራዊ ሞዳሌ ሌምምዴ
ማዴረግ፣ከላልች በተሻሇ ሁኔታ ሇወዯፊቱ ሇተማሪዎቹ ጥሩ ሌምዴ ማስጨበጥ
የሚችሌ ጥሩ የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ መሆኑንና በመጨረሻም
፣መስተጋብራዊ የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ የታች ሊይና የሊይ ታች ውሂዴ
ሞዳሌ እንዯመሆኑ መጠን፣የተማሪዎችን የንባብ ክሂሌና ተነሳሽነት ከማሳዯግ አንጻር
ጉሌህ ፋይዲ እንዲሇዉና መምህራንም ከላልች ይሌቅ፣በይበሌጥ ይህን ማስተማሪያ
ሞዳሌ ተጠቅመው ተማሪዎቻቸውን የንባብ ክሂሌን በማስተማራቸው የተሻሇ ውጤታማ
እንዯሆኑና መምህራን፣ ከዚህ በፊት በክፍሌ ውስጥ የንባብ ክሂሌን
ስያስተምሩ፣ተማሪዎቻቸውን የትኛውን የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ ተጠቅመው
ሲያስተምሩ እንዯነበር ሇመሇየት በተዯረገው ፍተሻ፣ መምህራን በክፍሌ ውስጥ
ተማሪዎቻቸውን የንባብ ክሂሌን ሲያስተምሩ፣በይበሌጥ የሊይ ታች እና መስተጋብራዊ
የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳልችን በመጠቀም እንዯምያስተምሩ ከጥናቱ ውጤት
ሇመገንዘብ ተችሇዋሌ፡፡ በአጠቃሊይ መስተጋብራዊ የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳሌ
የታች ሊይና የሊይ ታች ውሂዴ ሞዳሌ እንዯመሆኑ መጠን፣የተማሪዎችን የንባብ
ክሂሌና ተነሳሽነት ከማሳዯግ አንጻር ጉሌህ ፋይዲ አሇው፡፡ ሞዳለ ከላልች የንባብ
ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ ሞዳልች በይበሌጥ የተሻሇና ውጤታማ የንባብ ክሂሌ ማስተማሪያ
ሞዳሌ መሆኑን ሇመረዲት ተችሇዋሌ፡፡ በመጨረሻም ላልች አጥኚዎች በዚህ ርዕስ
ዙሪያ የተሻሇና ጥሌቅ ጥናት በማካሄዴ የተማሪዎች የንባብ ክሂሌ የሚሻሻሌበትን
ሁኔታ ማመቻቸት አሇባቸው በማሇት ጥናቱን ሇማጠቃሇሌ ተችሎሌ
Enhancing Maternal Health in Rural Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Social and Behavior Change Communication Interventions Trial to Overcome Barriers to Institutional Childbirth
Full text linkMaternal mortality continues to be one of the most urgent global health challenges, particularly
in low-income countries, which bear 95% of the global burden. While some progress was made
in reducing maternal deaths between 2000 and 2015, recent trends show stagnation or even
setbacks in certain regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, with its alarmingly high
maternal mortality rate, is far from achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of
reducing maternal deaths to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. This PhD dissertation offers a
comprehensive evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality, focusing on
improving institutional childbirth practices in rural Ethiopia.
The dissertation is based on three complementary studies, each addressing different aspects of
maternal health interventions in the Jimma Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. The first study explores
the barriers to institutional childbirth by gathering qualitative insights from various stakeholders,
including women, religious leaders, health extension workers, and healthcare providers. The
second study investigates the role of religious leaders in promoting maternal health practices,
particularly their influence on encouraging institutional childbirth. The third study assesses the
effectiveness of a targeted social and behavior change communication (SBCC) intervention,
which aimed to improve maternal health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, with a particular
focus on antenatal care (ANC) attendance and institutional childbirth.
Study 1: Identifying Barriers to Institutional Childbirth
The first study utilized an exploratory qualitative case study design to identify barriers to
institutional childbirth in rural Ethiopia. In 2019, 16 focus group discussions and 18 in-depth
interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, including women of reproductive age,
religious leaders, health extension workers, midwifery nurses, primary healthcare unit directors,
and members of women’s development armies. Purposive sampling was employed to ensure a
diverse range of perspectives. The interviews and discussions were transcribed, translated into
English, and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Five key themes emerged: (1) knowledge gaps regarding maternal health, (2) cultural beliefs and
practices surrounding pregnancy and childbirth, (3) poor access to healthcare services,
particularly in remote areas, (4) lack of essential resources such as medical supplies and skilled
health personnel, and (5) limited community involvement in promoting institutional childbirth
Design and numerical simulation of CuBi2O4 solar cells with graphene quantum dots as hole transport layer under ideal and non-ideal conditions
Full text linkThe simulation of ideal and non-ideal conditions using the SCAPS-1D simulator for novel structure
Ag/FTO/CuBi2O4/GQD/Au was done for the first time. The recombination of charge carriers in CuBi2O4
is an inherent problem due to very low hole mobility and polaron transport in the valence band. The
in-depth analysis of the simulation result revealed that Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) can act as
an appropriate hole transport layer (HTL) and can enhance hole transportation. The simulation was
done under ideal and nonideal conditions. The non-ideal conditions include parasitic resistances,
reflection losses, radiative, and Auger recombination whereas the ideal condition was studied without
the inclusion of any losses. Under ideal conditions, the cell Ag/FTO/CuBi2O4/GQD/Au exhibited a
photovoltaic (PV) parameter such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor
(FF), photo conversion efficiency (PCE) are 1.39 V, 25.898 mA/cm2, 90.92%, and 32.79%, respectively.
The effect of various cell parameters such as the thickness of the absorber layer, HTL layer, and FTO,
acceptor and defect density, the bandgap of the absorber and HTL layer, series and shunt resistance,
back and front contact materials, radiation and Auger recombination of the absorber layer, reflection
losses on the efficiency of the proposed cell is analysed. The drastic reduction in all PV parameters was
observed under non-ideal conditions and the PV parameters are Voc (1.22 V), Jsc (2.904 mA/cm2), FF
(86.3), and PCE of 3.06%. The charge kinetics such as impedance, conductivity, and capacitance plots,
and possible reasons for reductions in PV parameters are discussed in detail