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The right to development under the constitution of the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia: some reflections”
No full textAt the world conference on human rights held in Vienna in 1993, members of the UN General Assembly unanimously agreed that the Right to Development (RTD) is an inalienable human right. Nonetheless, this consensus has not culminated in translating the nature of the right in to a binding human right entitlement. In Ethiopia, the RTD is a constitutionally guaranteed right. Under Art.43 of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE Constitution), it is provided that Peoples of Ethiopia as a whole, and each National, Nationality and People in Ethiopia in particular have the right to improved living standards and to sustainable development. However, the constitution is far from clarity in terms of setting out the content and scope of the right. The manner in which the right is enshrined also raises issues as to the modalities of its enforcement
Investgation Of Factors Affecting Coffee Export Performance:The Case Of Limmu Coffee Farmers'Cooprative Union
No full textThis study focused on assessing the factors affecting coffee export performance in the case of Limmu coffee
farmers’ cooperative union (LCFCU), Jimma Zone. The research employed descriptive research design and
followed mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approaches. The research used simple random probability
sampling to fix the cooperative unions and select informants’ who participated in the questionnaire format
and purposive sampling, to determine top managements who involved in the interview climate. Data were
gathered from 102 questionnaire respondents and 10 management interviewees selected from five
cooperative unions and employed relevant document investigation to triangulate data. Questionnaire was
employed to gather quantitative data and interview was used to maintain management interview. The data
obtained through different tools was organized in logical manner so as to help answer the basic research
questions. The obtained data over all indicators were complementing /supporting/ each other to reveal the
existing coffee export performance trends of the cooperative enterprises in the study area. The results
showed that export marketing performance of Limmu coffee farmers cooperative union was critically
hampered by technology innovation (firm characteristics); challenges related to export barriers and low
management’s international experience (management characteristics); lack of production that attracts
customers, lack of positive comment about the product from buyers, and critical problems related to good
agronomic practice that supports certification (good agronomic practices); lack of specialty grade export
coffee maintained through processing firm and get premium price (processing quality); the legal and
political environment that has negatively affected the union’s coffee export performance, the socio-cultural
environment that has negatively affected the union’s coffee export performance and the export market
barriers that has adversely impacted the enterprise’s export performance (foreign market characteristics);
and export market barriers existing in the exporting country (domestic market characteristics).Finally, the
research pointed out some recommendation points: the top executive of Limmu coffee farmers’ cooperative
union requires to effectively and efficiently employ working strategies pertinent to produce quality product
through strategic decision making that help to effectively boost export marketing performance of the
cooperative union
Patterns of Primary Oral and Maxillofacial Malignancy At Jimma Medical Center: A Cross-Sectional Study From 2018 To 2023
Full text linkBackground: Cancers are the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and
the second leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite an increase
in medical knowledge, the treatment need of head and neck cancers (HNCs) have not been
improved in Ethiopia. In addition, there is no adequate published evidence on epidemiology of
oral and maxillofacial malignancy in the country.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of primary
orofacial cancer among patients seen at Jimma university medical center.
Methods: All patient records (201) of primary head and neck malignancy, from September 11,
2018 to September 10, 2023, were retrieved from the patient registry. Reports with doubtful
diagnosis, skin cancers, and eye tumors were excluded. Finally, 194 eligible patients’ data were
collected and analyzed using the Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version
23.0. Frequencies, percentages, cross tabulation of different variables were determined. A p
value ≤ 0.05 was used as the cut-off level for statistical significance.
Result and Discussion: The prevalence of primary oral and maxillofacial malignancy was 2.6%
among total patients seen at maxillofacial unit of Jimma medical center. The mean age of all
patients was 41.81 years (SD± 15.911, range: 10 to 73 years). The overall male to female ratio
was 2.46:1. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common specific histological type
followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) making up 59.5% and 16% of cases
respectively. Oral tongue was the most frequently involved oral subsite (27.4%). Predisposing
factors was identified in 92 (47.4%) patients. Majority of the patients (74.8%) were diagnosed at
late stage (III & IV). Surgery was the main mode of treatment used in 148 (76.3%) cases.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of primary malignant lesions of oral and
maxillofacial region (OMFR) occurred in males and older adult age groups. Creating awareness
and providing health education about orofacial cancers are helpful in prevention and early
detection at curable stage of the disease
Challenges And Prospests Of Electronic Banking in Commercial Bank Of Ethiopia(A case Pf Jimma Town Branchis)
No full textDespite the growth of e-banking adoption worldwide, Ethiopian banks continue to conduct
most of their banking transactions using traditional methods. The purpose of this study is to
examine adoption of E-banking in the commercial bank of Ethiopian banking industry with
respect to the challenges which can influence firms from taking advantage of E-banking
system and expected opportunity derived by adopting the system. The research framework
developed based on technology-organization environment model (TOE).The study used
explanatory research approaches to gather data from a total of 154 employees. The study
targeted a selected Jimma town branch including the district with total population of 250
from which 154 were selected using simple random sampling. Data from the respondents
were collected using questionnaire. The result of the study indicated that, the major barriers
Ethiopian banking industry faces in the adoption of Electronic banking are: security risk,
lack of trust, lack of legal and regulatory frame work, Lack of ICT infrastructure and absence
of competition between local and foreign banks. The study suggests a series of measures
which could be taken by the banking industry and by government to address various
challenges identified. These measures include: Establishing a clear set of legal framework on
the use of technology in banking industry, supporting banking industry by investing on ICT
infrastructure and banks needs to be focused on technological innovation competition rather
than traditional bases of retail bank competition
Factors Affecting Risk Behaviors on Road Traffic Accident among Drivers of Mekele Town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
No full textBackground:- Road traffic accident : is collisions between vehicles; between vehicles and
pedestrians; between vehicles and animals; or between vehicles and fixed obstacle . Due to its
perception as a disease of development, road traffic accidents – and related injuries -- tend to be
under-recognized as major health problems in developing countries. However, over 90% of the
world‘s fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries. 1.26 million
and 20 and 50 million people globally are estimated to be disabled each year. 85% of the cause
for road traffic accident is attributed to human risk behaviors.
Objective:- To identify factors affecting risk behaviors of driving among drivers in Mekelle
town.
Methodology: - A cross- sectional study consisting 350 drivers was conducted using
quantitative which was triangulated by qualitative study(FGDs and indepth interview).
Interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the quantitative part, and analyzed by
binary and multiple logistic regression using SPSS version 16. Association between independent
and dependent variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. Regression Analysis was used to
assess the predictor of several independent variables on risk behaviors. and findings were
presented in text, table and graph form..
Result: Out of 351 study subjects planned to be included in the study, 350 responded giving a
response rate of 99.7%. Of the total respondents 172 (49.2%), 75 (21.4%) and 103 (29.4%) were
private car, taxi and bajaj drivers. The mean age of the respondents was 28.7 (SD+9.9). 233
(66.6%) of them were found to be risk groups where as 117 (33.4%) were not risk group. Drivers
with with low attitude towards safety road were 13.7 times more likely risk as compare with
those positive attitude. Drivers with with high monthly family income 9.2 times more likely risk
than as comared to with those low income, Drivers with secondary educational status were more
likely 9.2 times risk than the teritiary status. Drivers who didn‘t get advice from family, friends,
passengers and owner of the vehicle were 2.9 times more likely risk as compare to with those
who got advice.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Attitude, family monthly income, education and advice
were found the independent predictors of risk behaviors of driving of the respondents.
Our study recommends that drivers should be equipped with comperhensive, complete and up to
date education and information focused on target audience which can bring attitudinal change on
avoiding risk behaviors related to road traffic accidents and enhancing method of prevention to
ensure that the decision on road safety is a fully informed one
Morphometric Analysis and Watershed Prioritization in Relation to Soil Erosion of Dabus Watershed, Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia
Full text linkEnvironmental deterioration is currently one of the most important challenges, culminating in the
extinction of ecosystems and the loss of vital natural resources. Prioritization is a strategy of
organizing the multiple watersheds in a catchment in the order of treatment and soil conservation
measures to be performed out. The identification of essential watersheds or the prioritization of
sub-watersheds was required for effective and long-term watershed management programs and
natural resource allocation. Morphometric analysis is a key to understand the hydrological
process of a drainage basin and is a means of mathematically quantifying different aspects of
hydrological characteristics of a river basin. Traditional morphometric parameter determination
methods are time consuming, extremely expensive, and tedious. However, development of
Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technology makes the procedure
easier, cheaper, and faster. The present study aims to prioritize watershed based on morphometric
analysis and soil erosion susceptibility in Dabus river Catchment(DRC), located in Upper Blue
Nile basin, Ethiopia using geospatial data. For this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
data with spatial resolution 12.5mx12.5m and Topographic map of the study area was obtained
from Ethiopian basin development authority(EBDA). The DEM data was used to determine the
stream network and delineate the Sub-watershed along the watershed border. The fundamental
parameters (stream order, stream number, stream length, basin area, basin perimeter, and
elevation) were retrieved using GIS software. All geomorphometric parameters were acquired and
computed using fundamental geomorphometric parameters and DEM data. Based on computed
fundamental parameters using DEM data and ARC GIS software, the derived parameters were
determined using mathematical formulae and methodologies that have already been devised. The
combined use of remote sensing and GIS might aid in quantifying rate of soil erosion at different
levels and in identifying regions that may be at danger of erosion. Fourteen DRC sub-watersheds
were prioritized and ranked based on their susceptibility to soil erosion employing morphometric
parameters. Morphometric characteristics influencing soil erosion were employed as ranking
criteria, with compound values derived for final prioritizing. The compound parameter values for
each sub watershed were calculated to generate the final priority classifications, which were
classified as Very high, high, Medium, and Low. As per analysis result, the sub-watershed SW1,
SW7 and SW10 with a covering total area of 2390.75 km2
,2555.77 km2
and 1642.71 km2
respectively received the very high priority classes where as SW3, SW4, SW 6 and SW 13 covering
total area 2213.87 km2
, 1899.07 km2
, 949 km2
and 865 km2
received high priority classes. To
reduce soil erosion risk appropriate immediate management measures must be implemented for
very high and high-priority rank sub-watersheds Likewise, the sub-watersheds in the Medium priority
classes SW11 (458.82Km2
) and SW5 (552.22km2
) indicate a moderate land degradation area. Sub
watersheds in low priority classes SW2 (333.44km2
), SW8(164.89km2
), SW9(328.72 km2
) and SW14
(334.16km2
) imply low soil erosion
Investigation of Pedestrian Safety Problems and Its Countermeasures: A Case Study in Nekemte City, Ethiopia
Full text linkThe actual growth of urban economic activities and
simple movements of peoples and goods measured through its
primary transport system. The requirements of the pedestrian
should be considered in the design of the urban environment
and transportation facilities. Since road infrastructure
improvements and designed pedestrian environments are an
essential part of road safety enhancements that increase walking
and decrease fatalities. This study investigated the pedestrian
safety problems and its countermeasures on road segments in
Nekemte city. This study examined the existing issues affecting
the safety of pedestrian movement, evaluates the service quality
of walking facilities, and finally identified the most significant
factors affecting pedestrian safety with engineering
countermeasures in the city.
For the data analysis, the study used both objective
measurements and subjective assessments to model PLOS using
Australian methods. As per field study indicates 60% of the
respondents' think the sidewalk is not user-friendly. In the city,
the built road infrastructure is lacking pedestrian facility
management and appropriate maintenance activities. Since the
walkways in Nekemte city, in general, have almost the same
problems like non-continuous, crack, and non-covered utility
holes which are difficult especially for pedestrians with
disabilities. The current sidewalk is encroached either by
vendors, utility poles, parking carts or illegal construction
materials in different places, and crosswalk facilities are not
visible and not enough provided at a logical distance. The
Pedestrian LOS analysis indicates that poor pedestrian
conditions exist and the factors that negatively affect pedestrian
LOS are wide-ranging in this city road segment.
It concluded that Pedestrian facilities and all the concerned
factors should be provided and maintained to more efficient for
both encouraging people to walk and improve pedestrian safet