Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University Repository
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Verification of the Effects of Animals on Humans － Influence of Viewing Videos of Pets on Electroencephalogram Potential －
Get PDF本研究は、近年社会問題となっている不登校児童生徒へのアプローチ法の一つとして注目されている動物介在活動（Animal Assisted Activity．以下、AAA）において、実際に動物が人にどのような効果を及ぼすのかを知ることが目的である。研究方法として、本学作業療法学専攻学生計33 名を対象に、動物の飼育経験の有無や動物と触れ合うことの効果等に関するアンケート調査を実施した。まず、アンケート結果より、対象者の中から3 群各2 名計6 名を抽出し、猫の動画視聴時の脳波検出を実施した。その後、刺激前後の脳波電位及び、主観的なアンケート回答との関連を算出し因子分析した結果、動物との触れ合いで得られる効果としては、充足感、緊張が和らぐ、癒し、リラックス等が多かった。脳波ではA 群とB 群に比べてC 群において、視聴中ではθ波が低値となり、á2 波は高値を示した。動画視聴後の主観的気分アンケートでは、A 群とB 群では緊張が和らぎ癒されたとの回答であったが、C 群では気分の変化を示したものはいなかった。
よって、日常生活において実際に動物と触れ合っていることが、緊張や不安といった心理状態の安定につながっていると推察された。なお、不登校児童生徒問題の解決策の一つであるAAA が、着目されている理由として、当事者からみたペットの存在意義が高い場合、ペットが家族との関係性の再構築に重要な役割を果たし、引きこもりから脱却させるきっかけになっているのではないかと考える。articl
Decreased functional connectivity in the left association areas explains the attention impairment of the brain fog of a patient after COVID-19 : EEG-LORETA study
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Specific Learning Movement Caused by Damage to the Pre-Supplemental Motor Area: Three-Case Series
Get PDF特定の習熟動作が解放された3症例を報告した。症例1はバスケットシュート様の動作、症例2 はピアノ演奏動作、症例3は望遠鏡で何かをのぞくような動作であった。3 症例の共通点は、病巣が前補足運動野に及び、本能性把握を認め、出現は習熟を要する特定の動作であったことである。前補足運動野は補足運動野の神経ネットワークとは異なり、サルを用いた実験や Hikosaka らのヒトによる研究で、新たな動作が加わるときに活動することが報告されている。3 症例はそれぞれの動作の習得時に前補足運動野が強く関わったことが考えられる。一方、前補足運動野の損傷によりそれら特定の動作が出現したことから、前補足運動野には習熟した特定動作の抑制機構も存在し、その部位の損傷により脱抑制が生じ、特定の習熟動作の解放現象が生じたと考えられた。また、これらの動作は過去報告されている使用動作とは異なるものであると考えられた。We report three cases, the shooting of a basketball, piano playing, and resembled look at anything through a telescope. Lesions extended into the pre-supplementary motor area in each of the three cases. Instinctive movement was observed which appeared to be specific movement that suggested familiarity of the action.
Previous experiments using monkeys have reported that the pre-supplementary motor area, located at the front of the supplementary motor area, is active when a new movement is performed within a sequential movement, unlike the neural network of supplementary motor area. Human studies using functional MRI, reported by Hikosaka et al., also indicated that the pre-supplementary motor area plays an important role in the learning of new procedures. In each of our three cases, the pre-supplementary motor area was thought to be strongly involved in the acquistion of mastered movements. Conversely, damage to the pre-supplementary motor area caused these specific movements to emerge, suggesting that the pre-supplementary motor area is related to mastery of movements. These behaviors were different from utilization behaviors.Original Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Occupational engagement affects personal recovery in people with mental disorders, and cognitive dysfunction and occupational dysfunction affect occupational engagement
Get PDFBackground: Personal recovery is a major goal in the field of mental health and welfare, and recovery support is of great importance. However, there has not yet been a full exploration of the direct relationship between personal recovery and occupational engagement and occupational and cognitive dysfunction, which are commonly treated within the field of occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence recovery.
Methods: Included in the study were 30 of our patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders. Recovery was measured by the Japanese version of the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), occupational engagement by the Self-completed Occupational Performance Index (SOPI), occupational dysfunction by the Screening Tool for the Classification of Occupational Dysfunction (STOD), and cognitive function by the Brief Assessment of
Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Correlation between each variable was examined by performing multiple regression analysis with RAS and SOPI as dependent variables.
Results: RAS had significant correlation with many domains of SOPI and with the occupational alienation domain of STOD, but not with BACS. SOPI and anti-anxiety medication dose affected RAS, while SOPI was affected by the occupational marginalization domain of STOD and the executive function domain of BACS.
Conclusions: Important factors in supporting recovery were focusing on the individual’s independent decision-making and executive functioning, and helping the individual identify and engage in meaningful occupations.Original Articlearticl
Age-related hearing loss and dementia: whether restoring auditory function can prevent or improve dementia?
Get PDFHearing loss, visual impairment, and memory loss are age-related changes observed in many elderly people. In recent years, hearing loss has become known to be a risk factor for dementia, and the relationship between earing impairment and dementia has gained increased attention. Age-related hearing loss can be caused by central or peripheral pathology, and degenerative changes of neurites similar to those in the brain of lzheimer’s disease have been observed. The underlying mechanisms of age-related hearing loss includes: similar neurofibrillary degeneration in the cochlea and in the brain; a lack of auditory information from the outside world educing the input needed to activate brain function; an overload of neural circuits for language processing due to hearing loss, resulting in a lack of cognitive resources; and the mechanism of cognitive deficits in the ippocampus and other areas of information processing is also considered due to less cognitive reserve. While it would be useful to clarify the relationship between hearing restoration and cognitive function through hearing aids and cochlear implants in order to elucidate these mechanisms, further studies are needed on the possibility of hearing restoration and prevention/restoration of cognitive function.Review Articlereview articl