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A Case of unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria evaluated with JIN dysarthria test
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Eugenic Ideology Did Not End with the 20th Century : How We Can Learn from Those with Disabilities for a Brighter Future
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the infringements of reproductive rights and basic human rights in twentieth-century Japan through one woman's life stories. Following the introduction, section two outlines the structure of this article. In section three, the woman's first narrative life story is presented and new concepts concerning disability and internalization are discussed. Section four presents the history of modern Japan's prejudicial policy toward individuals with leprosy - a violation of patients' human rights in the name of social defense. A survey of twentieth century history also shows societies committing genocide or segregation by means of eugenics. Sections five and six explore narrative life histories that show inhumane eugenic ideas seeping into modern life. Section seven summarizes and highlights insufficiently addressed or missing aspects of the bill unanimously passed by the Diet in May 2019 to compensate victims of the now defunct Eugenic Protection Act. The goal of this work is to facilitate open discussion for understanding and mitigating internalized eugenic ideology so that the twenty-first century will be sustainable and inclusive for all.本稿では、 自ら障害者である共著者のライフストーリーを交えながら、 20世紀におけるリプロダクティブヘルスライツと基本的人権の侵害の実相について明らかにしてゆく。 それは、 われわれが内在化させてしまった現代史としての「内なる優生思想」をあぶりだすことでもある。 これは持続可能でインクルーシブな21世紀を展望するには避けて通れない道になる。 序文に続き2章では論文の構成を説明する。 3章はひとつめのナラティブ・ライフライフストーリーから近代的障害観の内在化ついて考察する。 4章では優生思想・社会防衛思想による人権侵害の歴史事象の近代日本のハンセン病対策を紹介し、 その源泉について、 そもそも20世紀における優生思想とはどういうものであったのか世界史を繙きながら確認していく。 5章6章では20世紀における優生思想について、 著者らが深く関わるナラティブなライフストーリーと歴史事象との重なりを通じて、 きわめて根源的な疑問点・視座を提示しながら、 新しい世紀でのわれわれのあり方について深める。 7章では2019年5月国会において超党派で決議された「旧優生保護法被害者救済法」で欠落している。 あるいは、 あえて触れられないままにされている論点について議論し、 21世紀での人生の終盤のあり方について論じまとめに代える。Original Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Perspectives for future research on cognitive rehabilitation
Get PDFRehabilitation techniques are developed in line with the progress of medical science. The usefulness of rehabilitation for patients undergoing treatment in intensive care units (ICUs), where strict physical management is required, has been widely recognized, and rehabilitation services are now provided by professionals from the very early stage even in ICU. Rehabilitation in the past was mainly positioned as the tertiary prevention, and activities in the recovery process from diseases and disabilities were the main focus of rehabilitation service. Recentry, the importance of rehabilitation in the community as well as in hospitals and facilities has been pointed out. With the aging of society, the proportion of elderly people in the world is rising, and the number of dementia patients is increasing accordingly. In Japan, too, the National Dementia Policy has been formulated, focusing on "prevention and coexistence" of dementia, and the establishment of a comprehensive community care system is urgently needed. Originally, rehabilitation is a process of working with the subject to restore the subject's dysfunctions, and the subject's proactive effort is the key of the success or failure of the rehabilitation. In order for rehabilitation services to be effective, it is necessary for the subject to understand the significance of rehabilitation, to recognize its necessity, and to take the initiative. In the development of rehabilitation for hyperacute patients and rehabilitation for prevention, techniques to understand the cognitive function and to promote the subject's independent efforts will be required. Although cognitive rehabilitation is a relatively new term, the number of articles on cognitive rehabilitation retrieved from PubMed has increased rapidly since 2005, and an interest in cognitive rehabilitation has been growing. This paper summarizes the concept of cognitive rehabilitation and suggests what goals should be pursued in research. In addition, after introducing the authors' previous research works, an overview of cognitive rehabilitation research in the world will be reviewed. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda that we consider to be important.Review Articleothe
Aging labor force and dementia prevention
Get PDFMany economically developed countries are facing problems of rapidly increasing elderly population and high number of dementia people. The ratio of elderly people in Japan (65 ears and over) exceeded 7% in 1970, 14% in 1994, and 21% in 2007, 28% in 2019, which will reach 38% by 2050. In 1950, 12.1 working people supported one elderly, but only 2.0 working people supports one elderly. In order to make the society more sustainable, increase in working population is required. One of the effective means will be extension of retirement age, by supplying employment support to the elderly. The prevention or delay of onset of early Alzheimer's disease is not only medical but also societal task of the aged society, and the author will discuss some solutions for this purpose.Review Articleothe
Coordinate Transformation Using the Direction of Sway : Based on the Center of Foot Pressure When Standing as the Reference Axis
Get PDF[Purpose]This paper proposes a method to convert the coordinates specified for the center of foot pressure (COP) measurement plate to the coordinates for which the postural sway direction of a subject is the reference axis. [Method and Result] The COP was measured during the period from the tandem open-leg standing position to the one-leg standing position on the front limb. The analysis period was 1 s immediately after the one-leg standing position began. The reference axis direction was determined by two ways. The movement direction was calculated for each observation point and converted into the direction at every 30°. The direction that was the mode was set as the direction of the reference axis, and the maximum sway range was calculated. In addition, the movement direction was classified into groups of 30° each, and the total distance traveled between the observation points was calculated for each group. The direction for which the total distance was the maximum was set as the direction of the reference axis, and the maximum sway range was calculated. For each trial, the direction of the reference axis as determined based on the mode differed from that determined based on the total distance. [Conclusion]It was possible to rotate the coordinates meaningfully about the COP. It is suggested that the degree of sway can be assessed without specifying the position of the foot on the measuring plate.【目的】COPの測定板で規定された座標から、 被験者の動揺方向を基準軸とする座標に変換する手法を提案すること。 【方法と結果】タンデム開脚立位から前方下肢での片脚立位をとらせ、 COPを計測した. 片脚立位開始直後の1秒間を解析区間とした。 観測点間ごとに移動方向を算出し、 30°ごとの方向に変換した。 その最頻値となる方向を基準軸方向とし、 その最大動揺幅を求めた。 また、 移動方向を30°ごとのグループに分け、 グループごとに観測点間移動距離の総和を求めた。 総和が最大となった方向を基準軸方向とし、 その最大動揺幅を求めた。 頻度による基準軸も移動距離総和による基準軸も、 どちらも試行ごとにその方向は異なっていた。 【結語】人のCOPにおいて意味のある座標の回転を行うことが実現できた。 測定板に足部を置く位置を規定することなく、 動揺の程度を評価できることが示唆された。Original Articledepartmental bulletin pape
The Effect of Exercise Program for Clumsy Children in the Community : A Pilot Study
Get PDF[Purpose] To implement a physiotherapist-supervised exercise and play program for children with clumsiness and having difficulty exercising in the community and to examine its effects on motor functions and related factors. [Method] A 60-minute exercise program was conducted once a week for 9 weeks for 10 clumsy children aged 7-10 years. For motor function, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) score was measured and compared before and after exercise. [Results] There was a significant improvement in the total MABC-2 score before and after the exercise program but there was no significant improvement in the scores of three components, namely "manual dexterity," "aiming and catching," and "balance." [Conclusion] Participation in a weekly exercise program could improve motor functions in children with clumsiness.【目的】本研究は地域に在住する不器用で運動が苦手な子どもに対して理学療法士が監修した運動遊びプログラムを実施し、 運動機能における効果の検討および関連要因を検討することである。 【方法】7歳～10歳の運動が苦手で不器用な児童10名を対象に、 1週間に1回60分の運動プログラムを9週間実施した。 運動機能はMABC-2を用いて測定し実施前後で比較した。 【結果】MABC-2の総合得点については有意傾向の改善が見られた。 「巧緻性」「ボール操作」「バランス」の3つの領域得点には運動プログラム実施前後で有意な改善はみられなかった。 【結論】不器用で運動が苦手な子どもに週1回の運動プログラムに参加することで、 運動機能が向上することが示唆された。Original Articledepartmental bulletin pape
Relationship between Tongue Pressure and Hand Grip Strength
Get PDF【目的】脳血管疾患で入院している患者が理学療法等で筋力を使うリハビリテーションを受けた後に食事を摂ることは少なくない。舌圧と握力には強い相関があることは先行研究で報告されており、リハビリテーション後の食事には、良好な影響が及ぶ可能性が推測される。しかし、筋力を使うリハビリテーションが患者を疲弊させ、物理的な負荷が食事に何らかのネガティブな影響が及ぶ可能性も拭えない。そこで本研究では、健常成人を対象に筋力測定で最も用いられる握力に負荷をかけ、疲弊した状態をつくり、舌圧との関係性を調査した。そして、食事前の筋力を使うリハビリテーションを施行する際のプログラムの作成時ならびに食事時に配慮すべき事項を検討した。
【対象】大阪河﨑リハビリテーション大学学生 21 名、平均年齢 21.3 歳(20 ～ 28 歳)。男 7 名、女 14 名。
【方法】ベースラインとして、安静時の最大舌圧、両側握力、唾液飲み込みテスト(RSST) の測定した。次にハンドクリップによる条件運動を90 秒間実施した後に、再び最大舌圧、両側握力、唾液飲み込みテスト(RSST)の測定した。また、質問紙調査を実施し、運動習慣の有無について回答を求めた。得られた結果から統計的処理を行った。
【結果】先行研究と同様に本研究においても、最大舌圧と握力には相関関係がみられた。しかし、過度の筋肉トレーニングで疲弊すると最大舌圧値が低下することも認められた。また、運動習慣の有無と最大舌圧、握力、嚥下機能との関連性は認められなかった。そして、ハンドクリップの条件運動による嚥下機能の変化も認められなかった。
【結論】食事前に行うリハビリテーションによる運動は、嚥下機能には影響を及ぼさないが最大舌圧には影響するため、身体に疲弊が観察される場合は、食べ易い食物形態にするか、疲労回復が確認されてから摂食するのが望ましいことが示唆された。articl
Therapeutic factors from group music therapy with body percussion in patients with chronic schizophrenia during COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Get PDFSince the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic in the end of 2019, the symptoms of panic and stress have been spreading everybody in our society, not to mention those in underprivileged groups. Persons with mental illness and social isolation can delay their recovery and even increase the risk potential of suicide. In this study, we intended to study whether music therapy with body percussion has therapeutic benefits for patients with schizophrenia during the COVID pandemic. [Methods:] In this pilot study, we enrolled eight patients with schizophrenia as study participants in a psychiatric hospital located in northern Taiwan. The music therapy with body percussion was used for study participants during the rampant period of COVID-19 pandemic. Group music therapy with body percussion was given once a week for seven weeks. Then, we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of group music therapy with body percussion within seven days after the therapy. [Results:] Of a list of 12 items for therapeutic value, our study patients with chronic schizophrenia ranked number 1 for "altruism" and "guidance," number 2 for "interpersonal learning-input" as well as number 3 for "interpersonal output" and "instillation of hope." [Conclusion:] The intervention of music therapy with body percussion to patients with chronic schizophrenia during the COVID-19 pandemic showed effective to their physical, mental, and emotional care. We suggest that this pilot study needs to be duplicated in bigger-size groups of patients with schizophrenia to strengthen the study results.Original Articleothe