Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University Repository
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Development of monoclonal antibody therapy against Alzheimer’s disease
Get PDFUnderstanding of the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease has been advanced, and amyloid β (Aβ) protein deposited in the core of amyloid plaques and phosphorylated tau protein constituting neurofibrillary tangles have been identified as the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease pathology. The development of disease-modifying drug has been focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, but neither the β-secretase inhibitors, γ-secretase inhibitors, nor γ-secretase modifiers have been successful. In 1999, administration of Aβ to transgenic mice as model animals for Alzheimer's disease was reported to significantly reduce amyloid deposition in the brain, which was the beginning of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease, but the antibody against amyloid (AN1792) clinical trial was discontinued due to the occurrence of aseptic meningoencephalitis in 2002. Recently, antibody therapy has been increasing year by year. Since the development of the first antibody therapeutic in 1986, 40 items in the oncology field and about the same number of monoclonal therapeutics in the non-cancer area have been approved as of 2020. In 2021, aducanumab has been approved by the FDA as an antibody therapeutic for early-stage Alzheimer's disease, albeit conditionally. In this paper, development status of monoclonal therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease will be reviewed, including aducanumab (Biogen), lecanemab (Biogen, Eisai), solanezumab (Eli Lily), crenezumab (Genentech), donanemab (Eli Lily), and gantenezumab (Hoffman-La Roche).Review Articleothe
Hot bathing has the potential to provide a new means of secreting brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Get PDFBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes and improves neuronal plasticity, suppresses neuronal cell death, induces neural regeneration, and stimulates neuronal survival, particularly in motor and sensory neurons of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Moreover, BDNF plays important roles in memory, learning, mood, food intake, and energy metabolism. Increased BDNF is involved in the prevention and amelioration of brain health and neurological diseases. The factors that increase BDNF include heat stress and exercise-independent pathways. Goekint (2011), demonstrated that exercise at high temperatures increased core temperature and resulted in higher BDNF concentrations than exercise at low temperatures. Based on these results, they concluded that BDNF concentrations was stimulated by an increase in core temperature during exercise. However, there is no information on whether BDNF concentrations change from core temperature increase, independent of exercise. The study was carried out for the following two purposes. In the first study, we examined BDNF concentrations changes in a hot bath to clarify the relationship between an increase in core temperature and an increase in BDNF concentrations. In study 2, an experiment using the additive effect of the warm bath combined with exercise was carried out to efficiently increase BDNF concentrations. [Methods:] In study 1, an eight healthy males performed 20 min head-out water immersion (HOI) at 42℃ (hot-HOI) and 35℃ (neutral-HOI). In study 2, a ten healthy young males subjects performed HOI at 40℃ (40℃ HOI) or continuous cycling at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake while immersed in 40℃ (40℃ HOI-ex) or 23℃ water (23℃ HOI-ex) for 15 min. Serum BDNF, cortisol concentrations, and core temperature (Tcore) were measured pre, immediately post, and 15 and 30 min post-immersion. [Results:] From study 1, we demonstrated that a 20-min HOI at 42℃ resulted in a significant increase in serum BDNF concentrations in young healthy men. From study 2, we report that the combination of a 15-min HOI in 40℃ water with cycling ergometer exercise at 60% VO2 max increased serum BDNF concentration, while 40℃ HOI and 23℃ HOI-ex did not. [Conclusion:] The combination of exercise and heat stress may provide a time-efficient strategy to elevate serum BDNF concentrations.Review Articleothe
Influence of mood states on the correlation between changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration and behavioral performance during Tetris gameplay in the frontal cortex
Get PDFLetter To The Editorothe
Journal articles on music therapy in Taiwan, 2016 - 2020: an analysis
Get PDFMusic therapy has been used more frequently as a rehabilitation intervention in Taiwan. While facing the various physical and mental issues in the elderly, we need to use music therapy more than just a medical treatment. Hence, music therapy in the care for the elderly has become an important topic. [Method:] We reviewed published papers in music therapy in Taiwan during the past five years (2016 - 2020), and categorized those journal articles. [Results:] From 2016 to 2020, we identified 20 papers that were published from Taiwan. According to corresponding authors' backgrounds, 11 (55%) papers were from the discipline of nursing, 3 (15%) that of occupational therapy, 3 (15%) that of special education, 2 (10%) that of psychological counseling, 1 (5%) and that other field. We also found that those papers included 8 reviews, 4 case reports, and 8 original articles. [Conclusion:] We would like to see more published original articles, so that the development of music therapy in Taiwan can be demonstrated with more data with empirical significance.Original Articleothe
History of rehabilitation professional training and current status of training schools
Get PDFThe number of rehabilitation professionals in Japan has increased 1.6-1.7 times in the last decade, and there are about 80 thousand physical therapists (PTs), about 45 thousand occupational therapists (OTs), and about 15 thousand speech therapists (STs) are actively involved in rehabilitation service. Rehabilitation professionals were enacted by law in 1965 for PTs and OTs, and in 1999 for STs. Initially, training was mainly conducted at vocational schools, but in recent years training of rehabilitation professionals has become mainstream at four-year universities. In March 2021, the 56th PT / OT National Examination and the 23rd ST National Examination were held, and 9,434 PTs, 4,510 PTs, and 1,766 STs were newly born. The passing rate of national examination was 79% for PT, 81.3% for OT, and 69.4% for ST, respectively. Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University is a college specializing in the training of rehabilitation professionals, and future rehabilitation professionals will expand their activities from hospitals to communities, and further to the primary and the secondary prevention. Considering more comprehensive ability among PT, OT, and ST will be required, we will prepare the education program focusing the future of rehabilitation.Review Articleothe
Communication partner training for workplace accommodation for people with acquired brain injury: Non-randomized controlled trial in university students
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of communication partner training (CPT) for workplace communication with people with communication disorder due to acquired brain injury. A one-day CPT program comprising lectures, discussion, and role-playing was conducted for a total of 31 university students in a wait-list control design. Before and after the CPT program for participants in the intervention condition, all participants watched two types of video depicting workplace communication between persons with communication disorder caused by acquired brain injury and their supervisor. For the assessment of the knowledge of participants regarding communication skills, they pointed out the inappropriate manners of the supervisor in the conversation. They also answered their interest, confidence, and willingness to communicate with people with communication disorder caused by acquired brain injury. Results showed a significant interaction on knowledge that participants in the intervention condition increased their knowledge after taking the CPT program, whereas those in the delayed condition remained the same. There was also a marginally significant interaction on interest. The results suggest that the CPT program is effective in improving the knowledge of communication and interest regarding communication with people with communication disorder.Original Articleothe
Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders and its treatment program: a comprehensive review
Get PDFRecently, cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders has received much attention. Especially, remediation and training therapy for neurocognition and social cognition have been intensively studied. In this comprehensive review, we summarized previous findings on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders. We also introduced several major programs of Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT). CRT can be divided into restorative approaches that directly improve the cognitive functioning of the individual and compensatory approaches that modify the environment and human support. We suggested that these CRT programs has some characteristics and advantages compared to other conventional therapies including pharmacotherapy and psychological approaches.Review Articleothe
Multifaceted Factors of Elderly Women with Locomo Risk Level 1 : Comparison Between Inpatients and Community-Dwelling Elderly
Get PDF[Purpose] This study investigated the multifaceted factors of inpatients and community-dwelling women with equivalent exercise capacity. [Participants and Methods] The subjects were 56 women (age 80.9 +- 7.0 years) discharged from the convalescent rehabilitation ward and 74 community-dwelling women (age 74.7 +- 5.3 years). We conducted a two-step test to examine subjects with regard to Locomo risk level 1 for age, grip strength, SMI, walking speed, Alb value, FFM, Kihon checklist, number of medications, presence or absence of low hone mineral density, and cognitive decline. [Results] There were significant differences in Alb value, walking speed, and low bone mineral density between the hospitalized group and the community-dwelling group. [Conclusion] It was suggested that the hospitalized group had undernutrition and a high fracture risk despite the similarity in exercise capacity.〔目的〕本研究の目的は女性で同等の運動能力の入院患者と地域在住者の多面的要因を調査することである。〔対象と方法〕対象は回復期リハビリテーション病棟を退院となった女性56名(平均年齢80.9±7.0歳)と地域在住女性74名(平均年齢74.7±5.3歳)とした。 2ステップテストを用いてロコモ度1に該当した者に対して、 年齢、 握力、 SMI、 歩行速度、 Alb値、 FFM、 基本チェックリスト、 服薬数、 骨密度低下の有無、 認知機能低下の有無の検討を行った。 〔結果〕入院群と地域在住群では、 Alb値、 歩行速度、 骨密度の低下に有意差を認めた。 〔結語〕運動能力が同等であっても入院群は栄養状態が低く、 骨折リスクが高いことが示唆された。Original Articledepartmental bulletin pape