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Pengaruh Model Reciprocal Teaching Berbantuan Simulasi PhET Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik
No full textKemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kompetensi yang diperlukan oleh peserta didik pada abad ke-21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh model reciprocal teaching berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada materi gelombang bunyi di kelas XI SMA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari kelas XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model Reciprocal Teaching berbantuan simulasi PhET dan kelas XI MIA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang menggunakan cara konvensional. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang terdiri dari 6 soal uraian, sebelum dan sesudah proses pembelajaran, serta observasi yang dilakukan oleh pengamat terhadap keterlaksanaan langkah-langkah pembelajaran. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik paired t-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan signifikan antara kedua kelas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik di kelas eksperimen dibandingkan kelas kontrol, dengan nilai rata-rata posttest sebesar 86 dan 64. Hasil uji-t memperoleh nilai sebesar 2,08 dengan sebesar 2,01, yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan secara statistik antara kedua kelompok. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pada model reciprocal teaching berbantuan simulasi PhET untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi pengembangan model pembelajaran inovatif yang mendukung peningkatan kualitas pendidikan fisika.
The Effect of the Reciprocal Teaching Model Assisted by PhET Simulations on Students' Problem-Solving Skills
Abstract
Problem-solving skills are essential competencies for students in the 21st century. This study aims to investigate the effect of the reciprocal teaching model assisted by PhET simulations on students' problem-solving abilities in the topic of sound waves in Grade XI of senior high school. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of class XI MIA 2 as the experimental group, which received instruction through the reciprocal teaching model assisted by PhET simulations, and class XI MIA 3 as the control group, which received conventional instruction. Data were collected using a problem-solving ability test consisting of six essay questions administered before and after the learning process, as well as observations conducted by observers on the implementation of the learning steps. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test to determine significant differences between the two classes. The results showed a significant improvement in the problem-solving abilities of students in the experimental class compared to the control class, with average post-test scores of 86 and 64, respectively. The t-test analysis yielded a t-value of 2.08, compared to a t-table value of 2.01, indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the reciprocal teaching model assisted by PhET simulations has a positive effect on students' problem-solving abilities. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of innovative learning models that support the improvement of physics education quality
Strategi Pengembangan Keuangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Casemix di Rumah Sakit Charis Medika Batam
No full textEfisiensi keuangan merupakan tantangan utama bagi rumah sakit dalam menjaga mutu layanan kesehatan. Rumah Sakit Charis Medika Batam menghadapi kebutuhan mendesak untuk meningkatkan akurasi pengelolaan biaya dan optimalisasi pendapatan melalui sistem casemix. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi casemix serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis guna memperbaiki kinerja keuangan rumah sakit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif melalui studi dokumentasi dan wawancara terhadap manajemen keuangan dan tenaga medis terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem casemix yang lebih optimal dapat meningkatkan ketepatan penghitungan biaya hingga 20%, mempercepat proses klaim, serta mendorong peningkatan kualitas layanan yang berdampak positif terhadap kepuasan pasien dan peningkatan pendapatan rumah sakit. Secara ilmiah, hasil ini memperkuat temuan sebelumnya bahwa sistem casemix berperan strategis dalam efisiensi pembiayaan rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan empat langkah strategis: (1) pelatihan intensif bagi staf mengenai casemix, (2) penguatan sistem informasi keuangan, (3) optimalisasi pemanfaatan data casemix untuk peningkatan pendapatan, dan (4) penerapan praktik pengelolaan keuangan yang transparan dan berbasis kinerja. Implementasi strategi ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan keuangan Rumah Sakit Charis Medika Batam.
Financial Development Strategy Through the Utilization of Casemix at Charis Medika Hospital Batam
Abstract
Financial efficiency is a major challenge for hospitals in maintaining the quality of healthcare services. Charis Medika Hospital Batam faces an urgent need to improve cost management accuracy and optimize revenue through the casemix system. This study aims to analyze the implementation of casemix and provide practical recommendations to enhance the hospital’s financial performance. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis and interviews with financial management personnel and medical staff. The findings indicate that optimizing the casemix system can improve cost calculation accuracy by up to 20%, accelerate claim processing, and enhance service quality, which positively impacts patient satisfaction and hospital revenue. Scientifically, these results support previous findings that the casemix system plays a strategic role in hospital financial efficiency. The study recommends four strategic actions: (1) providing intensive staff training on casemix, (2) strengthening the financial information system, (3) optimizing the use of casemix data to increase revenue, and (4) implementing transparent and performance-based financial management practices. The implementation of these strategies is expected to improve financial efficiency and sustainability at Charis Medika Hospital Batam
Negosiasi Identitas Kewarganegaraan: Reintegrasi Sosial Mantan Narapidana dalam Bayang-Bayang Sanksi Sosial
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji negosiasi identitas kewarganegaraan mantan narapidana dalam proses reintegrasi sosial yang kerap dibayangi stigma dan sanksi sosial pascapemidanaan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif berparadigma konstruktivis, studi ini dilaksanakan di Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Barat menggunakan rancangan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif terbatas, dan dokumentasi terhadap 25 partisipan dengan variasi usia, jenis kelamin, jenis tindak pidana, serta latar sosial-ekonomi. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk menggali pengalaman subjektif, makna, dan strategi adaptif dalam upaya memperoleh kembali pengakuan sebagai warga negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas kewarganegaraan tidak otomatis pulih setelah menjalani hukuman formal, melainkan harus dinegosiasikan dalam ruang sosial yang sarat stigma. Forum keagamaan dan aktivitas berbasis komunitas terbukti menjadi arena penting afirmasi identitas, memberikan legitimasi moral lebih cepat dibandingkan pengakuan formal negara. Dukungan keluarga, tokoh agama, dan lembaga pemasyarakatan berperan signifikan, namun tidak sepenuhnya menghapus sanksi sosial yang laten dan berulang. Proses negosiasi melibatkan pembentukan makna baru, strategi adaptasi, serta perjuangan merebut kembali hak partisipasi sipil. Penelitian ini memperluas literatur kewarganegaraan kritis di Indonesia dengan menekankan dimensi sosial-kultural dan pengalaman subjektif yang sebelumnya terabaikan. Temuan ini juga memberikan landasan praktis bagi perumusan kebijakan reintegrasi yang lebih inklusif, adil, dan berbasis dukungan lintas sektor bagi mantan narapidana.
Negotiating Citizenship Identity: Social Reintegration of Former Prisoners under the Shadow of Social Sanctions
Abstract
This study examines the negotiation of citizenship identity among former prisoners in the process of social reintegration, which remains overshadowed by stigma and persistent social sanctions after incarceration. Using a qualitative approach within a constructivist paradigm, the research was conducted in South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi through a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, limited participant observation, and documentation involving 25 participants with diverse ages, genders, types of offenses, and socio-economic backgrounds. Thematic analysis was employed to explore subjective experiences, meanings, and adaptive strategies in regaining recognition as citizens. The findings indicate that citizenship identity is not automatically restored after completing formal punishment but must be continuously negotiated within social spaces laden with stigma. Religious forums and community-based activities emerged as significant arenas of identity affirmation, granting moral legitimacy more rapidly than formal recognition by the state. Although support from families, religious leaders, and correctional institutions plays an important role, it does not fully eliminate latent and recurring social sanctions. The negotiation process involves constructing new meanings, adopting adaptive strategies, and struggling to reclaim equal civic participation. This study contributes to critical citizenship literature in Indonesia by highlighting socio-cultural dimensions and subjective experiences often overlooked in previous research. Practically, the findings provide a foundation for developing reintegration policies that are more inclusive, equitable, and grounded in cross-sectoral support for former prisoners
Peran Perawat dalam Proses Tindakan Rehabilitatif Pasien Pasca Stroke di RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta
No full textStroke merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi, sering kali mengakibatkan disabilitas jangka panjang. Perawat memiliki peran krusial dalam proses rehabilitasi pasca-stroke, yang mencakup tahap akut hingga pemulihan fungsional di rumah. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendeskripsikan peran perawat dalam rehabilitasi pasien pasca-stroke di RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan peran tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara terpusat (focused interviews) dengan empat perawat rehabilitatif yang berpengalaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perawat memiliki peran aktif dalam edukasi rehabilitasi, pelatihan keluarga, koordinasi perawatan, implementasi terapi fisik (terutama latihan Range of Motion/ROM), serta pemantauan dan evaluasi hasil rehabilitasi. Tantangan utama yang dihadapi termasuk persepsi yang tidak realistis dari pasien dan keluarga, penanganan kasus kontraktur otot, serta keterbatasan sumber daya. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan teknologi digital dan kolaborasi tim medis terbukti menjadi kunci keberhasilan rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya peran multidimensional perawat dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien pasca-stroke.
The Role of Nurses in the Rehabilitation Process for Post-Stroke Patients at RSUD dr. Moewardi surakarta
Abstract
Stroke is a global health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates, often resulting in long-term disability. Nurses play a crucial role in the post-stroke rehabilitation process, ranging from the acute phase to functional recovery at home. This qualitative study aims to explore and describe the role of nurses in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients at RSUD dr. Moewardi Surakarta, as well as the factors influencing the execution of this role. The research method employed focused interviews with four experienced rehabilitation nurses. The findings indicate that nurses play an active role in rehabilitation education, family training, care coordination, implementation of physical therapy (particularly Range of Motion/ROM exercises), and monitoring and evaluating rehabilitation outcomes. Major challenges include unrealistic perceptions from patients and families, handling specific cases such as muscle contractures, and resource management. However, the use of digital technology and medical team collaboration have proven to be key factors for success. This study emphasizes the multidimensional role of nurses in improving the quality of life for post-stroke patients
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Peraturan Desa Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pungutan Administrasi Umum dan Sumbangan Penduduk
No full textRendahnya partisipasi masyarakat terhadap peraturan desa nomor 2 tahun 2022 tentang pungutan administrasi umum dan sumbangan penduduk merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi di Desa Jeruk Manis Kecamatan Sikur Kabupaten Lombok Timur, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beragamnya persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan desa yang kemudian mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap hukum. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan desa serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan desa sehingga dapt ditemukan solusi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap hukum (peraturan desa). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian terbaru yang mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap peratuan desa karena penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak menyoroti implementasi dari suatu peraturan desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 87,5% masyarakat desa Jeruk Manis memiliki persepsi positif terhadap peraturan desa, dapat dilihat dari pemahaman, penilaian, penerimaan dan implementasi peraturan desa yang cukup maksimal. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap peraturan desa meliputi faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Faktor pendukung terdiri dari adanya sosialisasi dan pemahaman masyarakat yang baik tentang peraturan desa, sedangkan faktor penghambat yaitu kondisi ekonomi masyarakat desa jeruk manis yang masih tergolong rendah.
Public Perception of Village Regulation Number 2 of 2022 Concerning General Administration Fees and Resident Contributions
Abstract
The low participation of community towards village regulation number 2 of 2022 concerning general administrative levies and resident contributions is a problem faced in Jeruk Manis Village, Sikur District, East Lombok Regency, this is influenced by diverse community perceptions of village regulations which then affect the level of community compliance with the law (village regulations). Therefore, this study aims to describe community perceptions of village regulations and analyze the factors that influence community perceptions of village regulations so that solutions can be found to increase community participation in the law This study is the latest study that describes and analyzes community perceptions of village regulations because previous studies have focused more on the implementation of a village regulation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods namely interviews and documentation. The results show that 87.5% of the Jeruk Manis village community has a positive perception of village regulations, which can be seen from the understanding, assessment, acceptance and implementation of village regulations which are quite optimal. The factors that influence community perceptions of village regulations include supporting and inhibiting factors. Supporting factors consist of good socialization and understanding of village regulations among the community, while inhibiting factors include the economic conditions of the Jeruk Manis village community, which are still relatively low
Membangun Kepercayaan Diri Atlet melalui Mental Imagery: Strategi Psikologis untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Kompetitif dalam Olahraga Beregu
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh mental imagery training terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri atlet bola voli dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kecemasan kompetitif sebagai variabel moderator. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental) dengan model pretest–posttest–follow-up control group design melibatkan 30 atlet bola voli aktif di Lombok Tengah. Subjek dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok berdasarkan kombinasi jenis imagery (internal dan eksternal) serta tingkat kecemasan (tinggi dan rendah). Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) untuk mengukur kepercayaan diri dan Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) untuk mengukur kecemasan kompetitif. Celah penelitian terletak pada kurangnya studi yang menguji interaksi antara jenis imagery dan tingkat kecemasan dalam konteks olahraga beregu seperti bola voli, terutama pada populasi atlet daerah di Indonesia. Hasil analisis ANAVA dua jalur menunjukkan bahwa mental imagery training berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri atlet (p < 0,05). Atlet dengan kecemasan rendah menunjukkan peningkatan kepercayaan diri yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan atlet berkecemasan tinggi. Selain itu, terdapat interaksi signifikan antara jenis imagery dan tingkat kecemasan, di mana internal imagery lebih efektif bagi atlet dengan konsentrasi tinggi, sedangkan external imagery lebih bermanfaat bagi atlet dengan konsentrasi rendah. Hasil penelitian mendukung bahwa mental imagery training merupakan strategi psikologis efektif untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan mengelola kecemasan kompetitif, serta memberikan dasar empiris bagi pengembangan program pelatihan mental berbasis budaya dalam pembinaan olahraga di Indonesia.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of mental imagery training on increasing the self-confidence of volleyball athletes by considering the level of competitive anxiety as a moderator variable. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest–posttest–follow-up control group design involving 30 active volleyball athletes in Central Lombok. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the combination of imagery type (internal and external) and anxiety level (high and low). The instruments used included the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) to measure self-confidence and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) to measure competitive anxiety. A research gap lies in the lack of studies examining the interaction between imagery type and anxiety level in the context of team sports such as volleyball, especially in regional athlete populations in Indonesia. The results of the two-way ANOVA analysis showed that mental imagery training had a significant effect on increasing athletes' self-confidence (p < 0.05). Athletes with low anxiety showed a greater increase in self-confidence compared to athletes with high anxiety. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between imagery type and anxiety level, with internal imagery being more effective for athletes with high concentration. In contrast, external imagery was more beneficial for athletes with low concentration. The study's findings support the idea that mental imagery training is an effective psychological strategy for enhancing self-confidence and managing competitive anxiety, and provide an empirical basis for developing culture-based mental imagery training programs in sports development in Indonesia
Menggagas Model Student-Centered Learning dalam Pembelajaran PAI di Pesantren Lombok Utara
No full textPesantren di Lombok Utara memiliki peran strategis dalam pembentukan karakter, moralitas, dan identitas keislaman masyarakat Sasak. Namun, hingga kini sistem pembelajarannya masih didominasi pendekatan teacher-centered, sementara penerapan Student-Centered Learning (SCL) dalam konteks pesantren belum banyak dikaji secara sistematis. Sebagian besar penelitian terdahulu berfokus pada madrasah atau sekolah umum, tanpa menelaah integrasi pedagogi modern dengan tradisi keilmuan Islam klasik (turats). Kesenjangan ini menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan akan model konseptual yang mampu menjembatani tradisi pesantren dengan tuntutan kompetensi abad ke-21.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual kritis dengan metode telaah pustaka sistematis terhadap 32 sumber ilmiah nasional dan internasional. Sintesis teori dilakukan melalui triangulasi teori, yang melibatkan konstruktivisme, teori kognitif sosial, dan filsafat pendidikan Islam; serta triangulasi empiris dan kontekstual berdasarkan studi implementasi SCL di madrasah dan pesantren Indonesia. Proses analisis dilakukan secara deduktif-komparatif untuk mengidentifikasi pola kesesuaian dan peluang adaptasi model pembelajaran.Hasil penelitian menghasilkan empat model konseptual integratif, yaitu, Blended Learning Pesantren, Problem-Based Learning Islami (PBL-I), Peer Teaching Terstruktur, dan Proyek Sosial Keagamaan (Service Learning Islami). Keempat model ini dirancang untuk memperkuat keterlibatan aktif, kolaborasi sosial, serta refleksi spiritual santri dengan tetap berlandaskan nilai-nilai pesantren. Validasi argumentatif menunjukkan bahwa model SCL-Pesantren memiliki konsistensi teoritis, relevansi empiris, dan potensi implementatif tinggi dalam konteks pendidikan Islam lokal.Penelitian ini menutup celah akademik dalam studi integrasi pedagogi Islam dan SCL, sekaligus memberikan kerangka konseptual berbasis bukti (evidence-based conceptual framework) untuk pengembangan kurikulum pesantren yang adaptif terhadap tantangan era digital dan pembelajaran abad ke-21.
Gagging a Student-Centered Learning Model in Islamic Education Learning at Islamic Boarding Schools in North Lombok
Abstract
Islamic boarding schools in North Lombok have a strategic role in shaping the character, morality, and Islamic identity of the Sasak community. However, until now, the learning system is still dominated by a teacher-centered approach, while the application of Student-Centered Learning (SCL) in the context of pesantren has not been studied systematically. Most previous research has focused on madrassas or public schools, without examining the integration of modern pedagogy with classical Islamic scientific traditions (turats). This gap shows the need for a conceptual model that is able to bridge the tradition of pesantren with the demands of 21st century competencies. This study uses a critical conceptual approach with a systematic literature review method on 32 national and international scientific sources. The synthesis of theories is carried out through theoretical triangulation, which involves constructivism, social cognitive theory, and Islamic philosophy of education; and empirical and contextual triangulation based on SCL implementation studies in Indonesian madrassas and Islamic boarding schools. The analysis process was carried out in a deductive-comparative manner to identify patterns of suitability and opportunities for adaptation of the learning model. The results of the research produced four integrative conceptual models, namely, Blended Learning Islamic Boarding School, Islamic Problem-Based Learning (PBL-I), Structured Peer Teaching, and Socio-Religious Project (Islamic Service Learning). These four models are designed to strengthen active involvement, social collaboration, and spiritual reflection of students while still being based on pesantren values. Argumentative validation shows that the SCL-Pesantren model has theoretical consistency, empirical relevance, and high implementability potential in the context of local Islamic education. This research closes the academic gap in the study of the integration of Islamic pedagogy and SCL, while providing an evidence-based conceptual framework for the development of Islamic boarding school curricula that are adaptive to the challenges of the digital era and 21st century learning
Pendidikan Agama Islam Berwawasan Global Sebagai Paradigma Respon Terhadap Globalisasi Dan Digitalisasi
No full textThe era of globalization and digitalization has brought significant impacts on the education system, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which faces both opportunities and challenges in maintaining its relevance and sustainability. This study aims to analyze how PAI can be developed with a global perspective as a responsive paradigm to the currents of globalization and digital transformation, thereby shaping a generation of Muslims who are character-driven, critical, and internationally competitive without losing their Islamic identity. The research method employed is a literature review using a narrative review approach, which examines articles, journals, and academic publications from the last five years related to globalization, digitalization, and Islamic education. The synthesis of results indicates that globalization and digitalization present opportunities such as expanded access to knowledge, the use of innovative learning technologies, and cross-cultural interactions. However, they also pose risks such as value shifts, identity crises, and the penetration of foreign cultures that can weaken students' spiritual foundations. A globally-minded PAI paradigm should be designed by emphasizing the integration of digital literacy, strengthening a multicultural-based curriculum, and applying critical pedagogical approaches to balance local wisdom with global demands. The contribution of this research lies in the formulation of an adaptive and constructive conceptual framework for PAI, providing strategic guidance for curriculum development, learning methods, and Islamic education policies in the digital era. These findings have practical implications for teachers, academics, and policymakers in implementing progressive, responsive, and relevant Islamic education strategies aligned with contemporary global dynamics
Kajian Kritis Program Pengembangan Pertanian Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Bima dalam Perspektif Ontologi (Kasus Usahatani Jagung pada Kawasan Hutan)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis dimensi ontologis dalam program pengembangan pertanian lahan kering di Kabupaten Bima, dengan fokus pada usahatani jagung di kawasan hutan, mencakup aspek biofisik, sosial-ekonomi, dan kelembagaan; (2) Mengkaji fenomena alih fungsi kawasan hutan menjadi lahan pertanian jagung beserta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya; (3) Mengevaluasi keberlanjutan praktik penanaman jagung di kawasan hutan; dan (4) Menyusun solusi alternatif berbasis pendekatan sistemik dan partisipatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis fenomena ontologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi ontologis usahatani jagung di lahan kering melibatkan integrasi aspek ekologis, sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi, yang membentuk sistem pertanian kompleks berbasis lokal. Fenomena perluasan jagung ke kawasan hutan dipicu oleh keterbatasan lahan pertanian, kebijakan perhutanan sosial (HKm), insentif ekonomi jagung, serta lemahnya pemahaman petani terhadap regulasi dan konservasi. Keberlanjutan praktik ini dipengaruhi oleh lima faktor utama, yaitu: tekanan ekonomi, kelemahan tata kelola, perubahan nilai sosial budaya, ketimpangan adopsi teknologi, serta dampak perubahan iklim dan degradasi lahan. Untuk mengatasi dilema antara produksi dan konservasi, solusi yang diusulkan meliputi pengembangan sistem agroforestri, pertanian konservasi, teknologi ramah lingkungan, pendekatan partisipatif, serta diversifikasi mata pencaharian berbasis kearifan lokal. Dengan pendekatan ontologis yang holistik, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada perumusan strategi pengelolaan pertanian lahan kering yang adil secara ekologis, produktif, dan berkelanjutan.
A Critical Study of Dryland Agriculture Development Program in Bima Regency from an Ontological Perspective (A Case Study of Maize Farming in Forest Areas)
Abstract
This study aims to: (1) Analyze the ontological dimensions within the dryland agriculture development program in Bima Regency, with a focus on maize farming in forest areas, covering biophysical, socio-economic, and institutional aspects; (2) Examine the phenomenon of forest land conversion into maize agricultural land and the influencing factors; (3) Evaluate the sustainability of maize cultivation practices in forest areas; and (4) Formulate alternative solutions based on systemic and participatory approaches. The research employed a literature review method combined with descriptive qualitative and ontological phenomenon analysis. Findings indicate that the ontological dimension of maize farming in dryland areas involves the integration of ecological, social, cultural, and economic aspects, forming a complex locally-based agricultural system. The expansion of maize into forest areas is driven by limited arable land, social forestry policies (HKm), maize-related economic incentives, and a lack of farmers’ understanding of regulation and conservation. The sustainability of this practice is influenced by five major factors: economic pressure, weak governance, shifts in socio-cultural values, disparities in technology adoption, and the impacts of climate change and land degradation. To address the dilemma between food production and environmental conservation, proposed solutions include the development of agroforestry systems, conservation agriculture, eco-friendly technologies, participatory approaches, and livelihood diversification rooted in local wisdom. Through a holistic ontological approach, this research contributes to the formulation of ecologically just, productive, and sustainable strategies for managing dryland agriculture
Rekonstruksi Kesadaran Pajak: Kajian Fenomenologis Dalam Lintas Dinamika Sosio-Ekonomi
No full textPercepatan perkembangan coffee shop di Kota Malang mencerminkan dinamika sosial dan ekonomi yang kompleks pada sektor UMKM. Meskipun coffee shop turut andil dalam percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, rendahnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan pajak di kalangan penggiat usaha menunjukkan adanya pergulatan persepsi akan makna pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berpadu dengan metoda fenomenologi transendental Husserl. Subjek penelitian adalah pengusaha coffee shop di Kota Malang dengan pengalaman minimal tiga tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara snowball sampling melalui rekomendasi informan kunci. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri, didukung dengan pedoman wawancara yang mendalam guna menguji validirasnya melalui expert judgment dan reliabilitasnya melalui peer debriefing. Teknik analisis data mengacu pada model Sanders (1982), melalui tahapan bracketing (ephoce), noema-noesis, reduksi eidetik, dan sintesis makna. Temuan dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa persepsi dan pengalaman memiliki peran yang kuat dalam pengambilan keputusan yang berdampak pada kewajiban perpajakan penggiat coffee shop. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh nuansa negatif yang bersumber dari minimnya peran pemerintah terkait, ketidakjelasan manfaat perpajakan, serta ketimpangan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kesadaran pajak sebaiknya dimulai dari rekontruksi pemaknaan pajak berbasis pengalaman serta konteks sosial penggiat usaha