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Globalisasi Hukum dalam Pluralisme Hukum Modern
No full textThis article revisits the concept of legal pluralism, which continues to evolve alongside society and all its complexities. Knowledge of legal pluralism evolves in line with societal changes identified through scientific research and activities. Over the past two decades, developments have drawn attention to the globalisation of law, leading to the concept of modern legal pluralism. The intertwining and mutual influences, as well as the adoptions and reproductions, resulting from encounters between legal systems have become increasingly complex due to the presence of international and transnational law. This is particularly significant in the areas of human rights, democracy, clean governance and environmental crisis. Today, global citizens are connected to one another because they share knowledge about legal norms and values brought about by \u27new law\u27. The study of modern legal pluralism has methodological consequences which provide new opportunities for researchers. Explaining legal pluralism simply by mapping its coexistence as entities with clearly defined boundaries is no longer viable. Researchers now have a golden opportunity to reconstruct events in a multi-spatial manner, transcending the boundaries of space and time
Efektivitas dan Keberterimaan Madcom Noise Protection sebagai Alat Pelindung Pendengaran Berbasis Perlindungan Ganda
No full textIndustrial environments often generate high noise levels due to the continuous operation of machinery and production equipment. Persistent exposure to workplace noise exceeding the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) can lead to noise-induced hearing loss. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 430 million people worldwide require rehabilitation for hearing impairment, with 109.4 million of these cases occurring in Southeast and Central Asia. As a critical component of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management, noise control is often implemented using Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an earplug-earmuff combination, developed as Madcom Noise Protection, in enhancing noise attenuation and assessing its acceptability among users. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 30 students from Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta. The results demonstrate that Madcom Noise Protection significantly improved hearing threshold levels by an average of 8.50 dB compared to using an earmuff alone (). Furthermore, user acceptability was remarkably high, reaching an average score of 97.33%. In conclusion, the developed earplug-earmuff combination is highly effective in strengthening hearing protection and is well-received as an innovative HPD modification.
Keywords: Noise, Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs), Earplug-Earmuff, Madcom Noise Protectio
Reexamining the Abraham Accords: The Dynamics of the Abraham Alliance Amid Geopolitical Uncertainly
No full textSeveral studies have discussed the bilateral economic impact of the Abraham Accords, but few of them have thoroughly examined how this agreement has evolved into a collective security framework amid global geopolitical changes. This study attempts to fill the existing research gap by analyzing the transformation of the Abraham Accords into the Abraham Alliance using the Balance of Power theory framework developed by Stephan M. Walt. Using a qualitative approach and case study mode, this study examines secondary data from 2020 to 2025, using academic journals, government policy documents, and reliable news media as sources. This study concludes that the alliance is more influenced by the need to balance the perceived threat from Iran, rather than solely based on economic interests. Since the conflict between Palestine and Israel erupted on October 7, 2023, the countries that signed the agreement have continued to prioritize strategic security and maintain relations with Israel. The possibility of Saudi Arabia and Syria joining the alliance indicates a new direction toward more pragmatic and security-focused regional security. With this research, it is hoped that theoretically, by developing this framework, the Abraham Alliance can be understood as a new category in analyzing the region
Effects of Calcination Conditions of Locust Bean Pod on The Mechanical Properties of Locust Bean Pod Ash High-Strength Concrete
No full textLocust Bean Pod Ash (LBPA) is produced from the calcination of Locust Bean Pod (LBP), an agricultural waste of the African locust bean tree (Parkia biglobosa). This study evaluated the use of LBPA obtained through controlled calcination and open burning as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in high-strength concrete (HSC). Cement was replaced by LBPA at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight using both ashes—LC for ash produced through calcination at 600 °C, and LO for ash obtained through open burning. Slump and strength were assessed, including compressive strength (100 × 100 × 100 mm cubes) and splitting tensile strength (100 × 200 mm cylinders) up to 90 days. The results showed that LC contained 42.81% and LO contained 10.69% combined SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃. The 5% replacement level produced the best performance for both LBPA types. At 90 days, LC and LO improved compressive strength by 14.48% (68.8 N/mm²) and 10.48% (66.4 N/mm²), respectively, compared to the control (60.1 N/mm²). Similarly, the tensile strengths of LC05 and LO05 were 6.74% (4.75 N/mm²) and 4.94% (4.67 N/mm²) higher than the control (4.45 N/mm²). The study concludes that both ashes can be used as SCMs in HSC, with 5% and 10% recommended as optimum replacement levels for calcined and openly burnt LBP, respectively
Korelasi Kadar Serum VEGF-A dengan Rasio Albumin-Kreatinin Urin pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Diabetik
No full textIntroduction. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by persistent albuminuria and a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), making it a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is implicated in the pathogenesis of DKD, being overexpressed in the kidneys and contributing to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis. Albuminuria, an early indicator of renal damage in DKD, is a strong predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular events. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is the recommended test for detecting and monitoring albuminuria. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum VEGF-A levels and UACR in patients with DKD.
Methods. This cross-sectional analytical observational study involving DKD patients at the Outpatient Clinic of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang from May to October 2024. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Blood samples were taken for serum VEGF-A measurement using ELISA, and morning spot urine samples were collected for UACR measurement using immunoturbidimetry. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman test. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Results. A total of 30 PGD patients were included in the study. The mean age was 61.9 years (SD 9.75), and 53.3% of the participants were male.The mean serum VEGF-A level in DKD patients was 131.34 (SD 83.9) pg/ml, and the mean UACR was 403.90 (SD 53.1) mg/g creatinine. There was a very strong positive correlation between serum VEGF-A levels and UACR (r = 0.993, p \u3c 0.05).
Conclusions. Serum VEGF-A levels are very strongly and positively correlated with UACR in DKD patients. Serum VEGF-A may serve as a potential marker for assessing DKD progression and risk of complications, as well as a potential therapeutic target
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN JAPANESE ELDERLY LEARNING MOTIVATION
No full textAgeing is likely to become a \u27gender issue\u27 with a big number of women surviving into very old age in almost all the countries of the world. Japanese women have longer longevity than Japanese men. What is the secret behind the higher lifespan of Japanese women compared to Japanese men? Is it related to their ikigai? In this qualitative approach research, we chose the subjects as elderly men and women who participated in Easy English Conversation Courses in Kitakyushu Nenchousha Daigakkou (Kitakyushu Elder University). We assumed that to participate in Easy English Conversation Courses may change their life and enhance ikigai among the elderly, but there are gender differences in their elderly learning motivation. Understanding gender-specific factors related to ikigai in older adults could be beneficial in improving their overall well-being
Drainage, Transportation, and City Security Policies in Realizing Urban Environment with Smart City Integration
No full textLatar Belakang: Perkembangan urbanisasi yang pesat di berbagai kota besar di Indonesia menyebabkan meningkatnya permasalahan perkotaan seperti banjir, kemacetan, dan tingkat kejahatan yang tinggi. Ketiga permasalahan ini saling berhubungan dan berdampak pada kualitas hidup masyarakat serta keberlanjutan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan yang terintegrasi dengan konsep Smart City untuk menciptakan lingkungan perkotaan yang lebih aman, nyaman, dan berkelanjutan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan drainase, transportasi, dan keamanan kota dalam mengatasi permasalahan perkotaan serta mengevaluasi implementasi teknologi dalam mendukung kebijakan tersebut.
Motode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur, analisis kebijakan, dan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan terkait, seperti pemerintah daerah, akademisi, serta pakar perkotaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 15 informan kunci yang terdiri dari pejabat dinas pekerjaan umum, dinas perhubungan, dan aparat keamanan dari tiga kota besar: Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya. Pemilihan kota dilakukan karena ketiganya telah menerapkan berbagai inisiatif Smart City dengan tantangan perkotaan yang serupa seperti banjir, kemacetan, dan kriminalitas. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi lapangan, serta analisis dokumen kebijakan terkait. Wawancara dilakukan menggunakan pedoman wawancara yang berfokus pada tiga aspek kebijakan utama, yaitu drainase, transportasi, dan keamanan kota. Data hasil wawancara ditranskrip, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi (content analysis) dengan pendekatan tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola, faktor pendorong, dan hambatan implementasi kebijakan. Triangulasi sumber dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil wawancara, data survei, dan literatur akademik untuk meningkatkan validitas data. Ketiga sumber data tersebut dianalisis secara integratif untuk membangun model konseptual keterkaitan antara kebijakan drainase, transportasi, dan keamanan kota dalam kerangka Smart City.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi sistem drainase melalui peningkatan kapasitas infrastruktur dan teknologi peringatan dini mampu mengurangi risiko banjir secara signifikan. Kebijakan transportasi berbasis integrasi moda dan regulasi lalu lintas, seperti penerapan smart traffic light dan sistem transportasi publik yang efisien, terbukti mampu mengurangi kemacetan. Sementara itu, penguatan keamanan kota dengan pemanfaatan CCTV berbasis AI, patroli terpadu, dan sistem pelaporan digital meningkatkan efektivitas pencegahan serta penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif dengan ruang lingkup terbatas pada kota besar yang telah menerapkan elemen Smart City. Oleh karena itu, hasilnya tidak dapat digeneralisasi ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia, khususnya kota menengah dan kecil. Penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan komparatif lintas daerah dan metode kuantitatif diperlukan untuk memperkuat validitas eksternal dan mengukur dampak kebijakan secara empiris.
Kesimpulan: Integrasi teknologi dalam kebijakan drainase, transportasi, dan keamanan kota mampu meningkatkan efektivitas tata kelola perkotaan. Implementasi konsep Smart City menjadi solusi strategis dalam mewujudkan kota yang lebih resilien, efisien, dan aman bagi masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Smart City, drainase, transportasi, keamanan kota, tata kelola perkotaa
Singapore as A Global City: Response to Urbanization, Climate Change, and Digital Economy
No full textBackground: Singapore faces pressures from rapid urbanization, climate change, and digital economic transformation amid limited land and resources. As both a city-state and global economic hub, Singapore develops adaptive strategies that balance growth, sustainability, and competitiveness through technology-driven governance and long-term planning.
Aims: This study analyzes Singapore’s adaptation strategies in addressing urban, environmental, and digital economic challenges while evaluating policy effectiveness and limitations within the frameworks of the global city, state capitalism, and sustainability governance.
Methods: A qualitative literature review and SWOT analysis were conducted using secondary data from academic journals and policy reports. The analysis focuses on the integration of spatial, environmental, and economic policies as instruments of global city adaptation.
Results: Findings reveal three main pillars: environmental resilience through innovation, smart urbanization via smart city and transit-oriented development, and economic resilience through high-tech industrial diversification and nationwide digitalization. Policies such as carbon taxation, adaptive drainage, NEWater, and the Smart Nation Initiative have enhanced national competitiveness and resilience. Challenges remain—foreign labor dependence, high living costs, digital energy consumption, and social inequality due to automation.
Conclusion: Singapore’s adaptive strategy positions it as a model smart sustainable global city in Asia. Through state control, technological innovation, and sustainability-oriented governance, Singapore expands the global city paradigm under state capitalism. The study implies that urban sustainability depends not only on technological and market efficiency but also on the capacity of state and society to foster adaptive, collaborative, and equitable governance
When Civil Society Defends Authoritarianism: Thai Bhakdi, We Support Prayuth, and Thailand’s Democratic Decline
No full textCivil society is often regarded as an essential foundation for democratic consolidation, but in Thailand, civil society also plays a crucial role in maintaining authoritarian rule. This article analyzes how pro-authoritarian civil society movements—Thai Bhakdi and “We Support Prayuth”—emerged and operated in the context of the historical relationship between the military and the monarchy and political polarisation since the 2006 coup. Using the authoritarian civil society (ACS) framework and a comparative historical analysis approach, this study traces how the long-standing divide between reformist and conservative forces created fertile ground for these movements. Thai Bhakdi, rooted in monarchist nationalism, mobilises offline and digital activism to defend the monarchy, emphasising national identity and using lèse majesté laws to silence criticism. “We Support Prayuth,” in line with the military-led narrative of stability, legitimises extraordinary powers such as Article 44 to strengthen the junta’s authority. Using archival data, academic literature, and social media content, the findings show that these movements—though formally independent from the state—function as autonomous enforcers of the royal-military-conservative order. Rather than countering authoritarianism, Thailand’s polarised civil society has legitimised it, narrowing the space for democracy and reinforcing a path-dependent cycle of democratic backsliding
Protecting Female Workers Amidst the Controversy of Cheap Labor Market: A Comparative Advantage Analysis in Southeast Asia
No full textIn Southeast Asia, the cheap labor market is frequently mentioned as one of the comparative advantages that drive growth in the economy. However, this market frequently employs harmful labour practices against female workers. This study investigates the intersection of gender, labour practices, and economic advantages in the region, concentrating on the obstacles and protective measures for female workers. The key objective of this study is to examine how female workers are protected in Southeast Asia\u27s low-wage labour markets, as well as to assess the effectiveness of these safeguards in preventing exploitation and improving working conditions. This study uses a comparative analytical approach to assess different Southeast Asian countries\u27 policies and practices regarding female workers in the labor market. It evaluates legal frameworks, enforcement procedures and the role of international organizations to advocate workers\u27 rights. Data is collected using qualitative methods such as examining policy documents, and journal articles, and assessing labour market statistics. The data show a considerable gap in the protection of female workers throughout Southeast Asia. While some countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam have adopted successful regulations and programmes, others have significant gaps in enforcement protection. The study emphasizes the need for stronger legal frameworks and enhanced implementation to guarantee that female workers advantage from the region\u27s economic opportunities without being exploited or abused