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The Transformation of Thailand\u27s Diplomatic Relations after the Bowring Treaty of 1855: From under the Chinese Diplomatic System to the Modern Diplomatic System
Get PDFThe Bowring Treaty of 1855, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand), marked a pivotal moment in Siam’s integration into the global economy. Prior to the treaty, Siam\u27s international trade was primarily conducted under the Chinese tributary system, which significantly shaped its economic and diplomatic interactions. The 1855 treaty, however, dramatically shifted Siam\u27s foreign relations by diminishing China’s dominance as the regional power and opening Siam to increased European influence and trade. This research delves into the multifaceted impact of the treaty on Sino-Thai relations, examining its consequences on individual, state, and systemic levels. It explores how the treaty transformed Thailand\u27s political economy, altered the role and status of the Chinese community within Thailand, and produced both positive and negative effects on Sino-Thai relations. The study contends that the Bowring Treaty was instrumental not only in reshaping Siam’s economic landscape but also in altering the dynamics of Sino-Thai relations significantly
The History and Manifestations of the Metaverse in Contemporary Literature
Get PDFThe metaverse, an interactive and immersive virtual world, has emerged as a critical theme in contemporary literature, significantly impacting narratives and character development. This paper explores the history and literary manifestations of the metaverse, investigating its influence on identity, space, and social interactions. We find that the metaverse supports flexible and individualistic identities, reshaping how characters and readers understand themselves. The digital space of the metaverse provides a dynamic setting for moral and emotional conflicts, enriching the literary aesthetics of space. Furthermore, literature plays a crucial role in both shaping and reflecting the concept of the metaverse, employing symbolism and analogy to address the cultural and social transformations driven by technology. Our findings indicate that the metaverse is not merely a virtual realm but also a catalyst for literary innovation, offering detailed and nuanced perspectives on digital society. This paper enhances the understanding of the metaverse\u27s impact on modern life and sheds light on the ways technology is reshaping contemporary literary narratives
The Melanesian Triad of Unity
Get PDFIn the Melanesian worldview, humans, land, waters, plants, animals and the entire universe were created by the Creator God, and this is the essence of the original religions in Melanesia. This paper investigates this basic Melanesian philosophy, which is called the Melanesian Triad of Unity here. Oneness denotes God the Creator as the core entity, the parts of his body constituting all beings and the universe. The three principles are 1) one nation, 2) one soul and one spirit, and 3) one land and nature. All the elements are composed naturally in these three principles. As argued in this paper, the Melanesian Triad of Unity is fundamental for the Melanesian people to build and maintain a harmonious, balanced and sustainable relationship between humans, the Creator and all of these elements in a harmonious, balanced and sustainable manner
Dynamics of Nodes: Adaptation of Interior Places in a Historic Waterfront Community for Sustainability
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate environmental interiority and urban conditions which promote adaptations of nodes as foci of place in the historic, suburban waterfront community. Nodes, existing as strategic places as public activity settings, on the other hand, have been barely examined in terms of the dynamic transition of interior places among urbanisation. The study argues that nodal adaptations taking up dynamic development play crucial functional roles in sustaining a waterfront community in connection with the implementation of place resources and accessible opportunities of new transportation networks. Nodal adaptations lead to the emergence of new functions and place identity in the community. This study employs multiple case-study methods to examine adaptive nodes in suburban waterfront communities along Klong Om-Non in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The study finds that nodal adaptations can be categorised into communal, cultural, and commercial nodes. Roles, place resources, and potential accessibility to communities contribute to the variation of nodal adaptations. Nodal adaptations are associated with the novel meaning of Klong Om-Non’s communities from an agricultural base to a sanctuary for urbanites. Consequently, community development programmes need to consider how designing and programming nodes of place could integrate with environmental identity and modification, that is, meaningful to people in the community and prospective visitors. Understanding adaptive nodes as convivial interior places in communities and collaborating with sustainable creativity will contribute to the urban rehabilitation of historic communities
Analisis Deskriptif tentang Strategi Mutu Pelayanan Kandungan (Obstetri dan Ginekologi) di Rumah Sakit Islam NU Demak
Get PDFThe Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Demak Regency are still high. In 2023, the MMR was 13 cases or 67 per 100,000 live births with a delivery rate of 18,784. The 2023 IMR data reached 7.2 per 1000 live births. The still high MMR and IMR and the socio-cultural market conditions of Demak, which are religious, are very relevant to the need for integrated superior services. Especially in Obgyn, perinatal, and child services. The Islamic Hospital (RSI) NU Demak is present through comprehensive, superior Obgyn services with a trend in patient visits that continues to increase in 2023. This study determined the strategies the Management of RSI NU Demak implemented to improve patient visits to Obgyn services. The study was conducted qualitatively using a case study approach. Data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Patient visit data was taken from January – May 2023. The results showed that the success factors for increasing the number of patient visits were human resources, facilities and infrastructure, external networks, marketing team strategies, and positioning of RSI NU Demak. Efforts that can be made to increase patient visits are recruiting female Obgyn specialist doctors to fill the empty doctor\u27s schedule slotting time and implementing other cutting-edge methods that are not yet available in Obgyn service activities
Help-Seeking Behavior and Related Mental Health Promotion Programs in Southeast Asian Youth: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFMental health issues are a prominent burden among adolescents and young adults in Southeast Asia, compounded by reluctance to seek help and low treatment rates. This mixed-method systematic review analyzed help-seeking profiles (preference, facilitators, and barriers) and evaluated implemented help-seeking programs. Data were sourced from electronic databases, hand-searched local databases, conference proceedings, and grey literature. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, focusing on 1) adolescents (10–19 years) and young adults (18–26 years) in Southeast Asia who were not receiving mental health care, 2) assessing help-seeking behavior, and 3) evaluating programs to increase help-seeking. A total of 16 articles were identified. Help-seeking behavior in Southeast Asian youth was shaped by mental health literacy and stigma (including attitudes from family, peers, and the wider community). Program effectiveness was mixed, with improvement often lacking significant differences from control groups or failing to persist at follow-up. These findings emphasized the need for more community-level and upstream policy interventions alongside individual-level interventions to improve mental health literacy and stigma. Developing interventions requires methodological improvements in help-seeking research, and ultimately, accessible and trustworthy mental health services are crucial to sustaining progress
The Spread of Tuberculosis Cases in the Highlands and Coastal Areas of Padang
Get PDFThe current tuberculosis (TB) worldwide situation is very concerning in terms of the number of cases and the death toll, as well as the environmental factors that contribute to its transmission. This has driven policy decisions that aim to enhance contemporary TB control efforts. This study aimed to map the pattern of TB spread based on geographic location, particularly in the highland and coastal areas of Padang City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative descriptive analysis using secondary data from 6 primary health care (PHC) from April 2022 to March 2023, comprising 896 cases. Data analysis was conducted using the ArcGIS program, as well as applying Nearest Neighbor Analysis across the PHC areas. The results indicated that TB cases were more prevalent in coastal areas. The distribution pattern was comparable between the mountainous and coastal areas, as indicated by similar clusters. Geographic differences did not affect the TB transmission pattern in Padang City. The reason for the occurrence of transmission was likely due to close contact, spreading from one person to another. Therefore, more effective education efforts, case detection, and restriction of TB patient movement are necessary to address the issue of interest
Duty Bearer-Right Holder in Law Number 4 Year 2024 on Maternal and Child Welfare in The First Thousand Days of Life Phase
Get PDFLaw No. 4 Year 2024 on Maternal and Child Welfare in the First Thousand Days of Life has been promulgated by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. The regulation guarantees the implementation and fulfilment of the needs of mothers and children in order to improve the quality of human resources. This article aims to map the duty-bearers-rights holders in the draft law on maternal and child welfare in the first thousand days of life. Analysing the position of maternal mothers is the main focus of this research, as maternal mothers are the main subjects in the draft law on maternal and child welfare in the first thousand days of life. Articles were analysed by context review from secondary data sources of Law No. 4 of 2024 on Maternal and Child Welfare in the First Thousand Days of Life and publication documents with the keywords ‘duty bearers’, ‘rights holders’, ‘maternal welfare’ and ‘maternal and child health’. The results show that most maternal mothers have a dual status as rights holders as well as duty bearers in their duties and responsibilities as pregnant women and newborns in Law No. 4 of 2024 on Maternal and Child Welfare in the First Thousand Days of Life
Analysis of Operational Form Function for B3C3 Exhibition Hall at Indonesia International Furniture Expo (IFEX) 2023 by PT. Dyandra Promosindo
Get PDFGood service can be provided, one of which is by providing operational needs services that are well met for exhibitors, which have been implemented at the IFEX 2023 event. In its implementation, good cooperation is needed in understanding the needs of exhibitors so that everything related to what is needed can be recorded properly and ultimately be used effectively to support the running of the IFEX 2023 event. This study analyzed the role of the Operational Form, especially for exhibitors in the B3C3 area at the IFEX 2023 event. The purpose of this study was to determine how important the role of the 12 forms in the Operational Form is to be a guideline and basis for all exhibitor operational needs information during the IFEX 2023 event. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type with data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The source of this research is the database of the IFEX 2023 operational form link. The results of this study indicate that each form contained in the IFEX 2023 Operational Form has its own function that is very influential in the sustainability of the IFEX 2023 event, especially for exhibitor Hall B3C3. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide useful information in the field of managing exhibitor needs, especially needs related to the operations of exhibitors in preparing an event
Chitosan Extraction from Anabas testudineus Scales for Enhancing the Properties of Edible Corn Starch-Based Films: Characterization and Performance Evaluation
Get PDFThe papuyu fish (Anabas testudineus) is a freshwater species found in South and Southeast Asia. It is known for its ability to survive in extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels and poor water quality, making it a potential candi-date for climate-resilient aquaculture. In this study, chitosan was extracted from the scales of papuyu fish through de-mineralization using 1 N HCl solution, deproteination using 5% NaOH solution, and deacetylation using 70% NaOH solution, resulting in an overall yield of 5.11%. The extracted chitosan was added to edible film made from corn starch, and the properties of the prepared films were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning elec-tron microscopy, water solubility test, and water vapor permeability test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy re-vealed the presence of characteristic peaks of chitosan, such as amide I (C=O) and amide II (C–N), at around 1647.26 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of pores in the edible films. Furthermore, the water solubility of the prepared films decreased with increasing chitosan content. However, the addition of chitosan did not significant-ly affect the permeabilit