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EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE COUNTERINSURGENCY ON BOKO HARAM IN NIGERIA
No full textBoko Haram insurgency debuted in Nigeria in 2009 and has been on for more than eleven years and has become intractable even after the government instituted a counterinsurgency in 2013. This paper analysed the effect of the counterinsurgency on Boko Haram and the insurgency in Nigeria in general based on attacks by the insurgents.
Historical data on attacks by Boko Haram and other criminal groups were collected using web scraping by Python and subjected to statistical analysis to build a relationship between the insurgency and the counterinsurgency. Eleven years data from 2012 were collected but six years data from 2017 to 2021 after the institution of the counterinsurgency were subjected to Regression analysis to establish a trend between the data; and Chi-square distribution test was used to determine the effect(s) of the six years of counterinsurgency.
The Regression analysis showed that the counterinsurgency decreased the incidence of attacks by Boko Haram but did not reduce the insurgency due to the entrant of other players. The Chi-Square analysis inferred that the insurgency is affected by the years of the counterinsurgency, so they cannot be taken as independent events. However, the analysis did not establish the effects of one on the other
Effectiveness and safety of moisturizing wash and cream in the treatment of elderly xerosis cutis
No full textBackground: The skin undergoes degenerative and metabolic changes with aging, increasing susceptibility to dermatological conditions. Xerosis cutis, characterized by rough, scaly skin on the lower legs, is the most common cause of pruritus in elderly patients, with a prevalence of 38–85%. Treating xerosis cutis is challenging due to its multifactorial causes, especially in the elderly. Moisturizers remain the primary and most effective treatment, providing convenience and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of QV Intensive Moisturizing Cleanser™️ and QV Intensive Cream™️ (Ego Pharmaceuticals, Australia), which contain humectants, emollients, and occlusives.
Case Illustration: This observational case series involved six elderly subjects (\u3e60 years) with xerosis cutis. Exclusion criteria included medications that cause dry skin, use of topical moisturizers within 2 weeks, or oral supplements (hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, and ceramide) within 4 weeks before the study. Over four weeks, subjects used only the specified cleanser and moisturizer on affected skin. Improvement was assessed subjectively using the Smoothness, Redness, Roughness, Cracking (SRRC) score, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and the 5D Pruritus Scale. Objective measures included transepidermal water loss (TEWL) via Tewameter® TM300 and skin capacitance (SCap) via Corneometer® CM825 (Courage+Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Germany).
Discussion: All subjects showed improvement in SRRC, 5D Pruritus Scale, DLQI, TEWL, and SCap after four weeks of cleanser and moisturizer use, with no side effects or irritation observed.
Conclusion: Cleansers and moisturizers containing humectants, emollients, and occlusives were found to be safe and effective for treating xerosis cutis in geriatric patients
Pengaruh Video Edukasi Unsafe Action terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Pekerja Weaving di PT X
No full textThe textile industry is one of the leading sectors in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in providing employment and driving economic growth. However, this industry also carries significant potential for occupational safety and health hazards, particularly due to unsafe actions. Observations at PT X revealed that workers\u27 level of knowledge and behavior regarding unsafe actions remained low. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of an educational video intervention on unsafe actions on workers\u27 knowledge and behavior. This quantitative research employed a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group model. The study was carried out at PT X Karanganyar from January to April 2025. The research sample consisted of 72 weaving section workers, divided into two groups: 36 workers as the experimental group and 36 as the control group. The experimental group received the educational video intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test and independent t-test, along with Effect Size calculation (Cohen’s d). The results indicated that the experimental group, which received the unsafe action educational video intervention, showed a significant increase in both knowledge (∆ = 2.30; p \u3c 0.001; d =1.628) and behavior (∆ = 5.02; p \u3c 0.001; d = 1.034). Inter-group tests revealed a significant difference in post-test knowledge (p \u3c 0.001) with a \u27very large\u27 effect size (d = 1.705) and behavior (p \u3c 0.001) with a \u27large\u27 effect size (d = 0.913). It can be concluded that the educational video on unsafe actions proved effective in improving the knowledge and safe behavior of weaving workers at PT X Karanganyar.
Keywords: Unsafe Action, Educational Video, Safety Behavior, Occupational Safety, OHS Knowledg
Assessing Community Extension Initiative in Developing Culture-Based IPEd for Teachers and Learners in Sultan Kudarat, Philippines
No full textOne of the tenets of higher education is the extension of the community that responds to the social and cultural surroundings, including the Indigenous Peoples (IP) and their rights to education. A supportive and relevant education with respect to cultural identity becomes important. This study aims to assess a community extension initiative at its preliminary stage in developing IPEd in the Philippines based on the teachers’ and learners’ awareness level of such programs. The study was conducted in two IPEd schools, Manirub Integrated School and Ugis Elementary School, at Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat. The study examined the teachers’ and learners’ awareness level related to the IPEd, including its association with the learners’ Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ), providing a basis for developing culture-based education pedagogy. The research employed statistical curve regression analysis using SPSS software. The study identifies several challenges in implementing IPEd that are related to teaching materials and the integration of cultural values and beliefs. Furthermore, there is a need to consider the IP learners\u27 intellectual and emotional readiness, which is influential for responding to learning programs. The result also shows that the IPEd learners of both schools have a positive response to the IPEd teachers after undergoing training for a culture-responsive teaching pedagogy. Such a community extension initiative becomes crucial to assist teachers in developing the culture-based education programs for preparing the IP learners to have a future success in learning and in maintaining their cultural identity as an indigenous people from Teduray or Manobo Dulangan
Hubungan Kehamilan Usia Remaja dengan Kelahiran Prematur di RSUD Cengkareng Jakarta Barat Tahun 2022: Sebuah Studi Kohort Retrospektif
No full textPremature birth is leading causes of neonatal mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global premature birth rates reached 9.9% in 2020, it’s rising compared to preterm birth rates in 2010. One of the risk factors for preterm birth is the mother\u27s age, which pregnant adolescents are more at risk of giving birth to preterm babies due to physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic immaturity. This study is an analytical study with a retrospective cohort design to determine the relationship between adolescents pregnancy and preterm birth. This study was conducted in Cengkareng General Hospital West Jakarta using patient’s medical record data. The population in this study were all pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital with signs of labor in the period of 1st January 2022 until 31st December 2022. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling technique with a total of 141 respondents in each group of respondents who experienced adolescent pregnancies (10-19 years) as the exposed groups and the group of respondents who experienced pregnancies in healthy reproductive age (20-34 years) as the non-exposed groups. Data were analyzed using cox regression test. The analysis revealed that adolescent pregnancy increased the risk of premature birth by 3.57 times (RR adj= 3,57; 95%CI: 2,06-6,20; p= 0,000) after controlling for maternal education, occupation, marital status, gestational hypertension, and anemia.
Keywords: Premature birth, preterm birth, adolescents pregnanc
Analisis Cakupan Penemuan Kasus Tuberkulosis (Treatment Coverage) Berdasarkan Faktor Demografis dan Komorbiditas di Puskesmas Ciracas Tahun 2023-2024
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major global and national health burden, with case detection coverage still below target in several regions. The success of TB control programs largely depends on achieving adequate treatment coverage. In East Jakarta, Ciracas Primary Health Center recorded a treatment coverage of 75% (497 cases) in 2023, the lowest among ten centers, and an increase to 84% (509 cases) in 2024, though still below the national target of 90%. To analyze TB case detection coverage based on demographic factors and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus) at Ciracas Primary Health Center during 2023–2024. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Ciracas Tuberculosis Information System (SITB). All people with TB with complete records were included through total sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with Stata/IC15.1, to assess the association between demographic and comorbidity factors and case detection coverage. A total of 1,006 TB cases were recorded, with most patients in the productive age group (18–59 years; 70.6%) and male (61.6%). Diabetes mellitus comorbidity was found in 13.8% of cases, and HIV-positive status in 2.2%. Productive age was significantly associated with TB occurrence, both in patients with diabetes (OR: 0.223; 95% CI: 0.158–0.311) and without diabetes (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.161–0.22), while sex and HIV status were not significant. Productive-age individuals and those with diabetes mellitus are the most at-risk populations for TB in Ciracas. Enhanced Active Case Finding (ACF) among high-risk groups is required to accelerate progress toward the national TB elimination target.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; treatment coverage;demography; diabetes mellitus; HI
Perbedaan Faktor Lingkungan Sosial dan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah pada Siswa SMA Perkotaan dan Perdesaan di Samarinda
No full textBackground. Based on the 2023 GSHS data, 7.1% of adolescents aged 13–17 in Indonesia have had sexual intercourse, of which 66.2% are male and 33.8% are female. Adolescent premarital sexual behaviour is influenced by internal and external factors. Differences in social determinants may lead to behavioural variations between groups within a population.
Aim. To identify differences in peer influence, parental roles, and mass media (as social environmental factors), as well as premarital sexual behaviour among urban dan rural high school students in Samarinda
Method. This comparative cross-sectional study involved 274 respondents, consisting of 206 respondents from three urban high schools and 68 from one rural high school. They were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the independent t-test (parental role).
Result. A significant difference was found in peer influence (0.004) between urban and rural high school students, while no significant differences were found in parental role (0.864), mass media influence (0.713), and premarital sexual behavior (0.862) between urban and rural high school students in Samarinda. Researchers recommend the development of health education involving peer educators in schools and adolescent parenting education, especially in rural areas.
Conclusion. The mean rank of the peer influence variable score is higher among high school students in rural areas than in urban areas in Samarinda
Social Learning Theory dan Status Merokok Pelajar SMP Negeri
No full textBackground. The prevalence of adolescent smokers aged 10–18 in Indonesia increased from 7.2% in 2013 to 9.1% in 2018. Approximately 70 million people in the country are active smokers, with 7.4% of them aged 10–18 years.
Aim. This study aims to investigate the association between knowledge, attitude and subjective norms with smoking status among students at a public junior high school in Samarinda.
Method. This study uses a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A total of 159 respondents were randomly selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the contingency coefficient correlation test.
Result. A total of 23.9% respondents were identified as smokers, comprising 78.9% males and 21.8% female. Most had high knowledge levels (58.5%), positive attitude toward non-smoking behavior (57.2%), and supportive subjective norms (63.8%). Bivariate revealed statistically significant associations between smoking status and both attitude and subjective norms, while knowledge showed no significant association. The study recommends strengthening anti-smoking education, reinforcing family and school roles, and promoting sustained cross-sectoral collaboration
Pengaruh Pendidikan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Animasi terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja
No full textBackground. Sexual violence is a major problem that impacts the physical and psychological health of adolescents. Prevention efforts are needed through health education that is in accordance with the characteristics of adolescents. Animation media is considered effective because it can convey messages audio-visually and attractively.
Purpose. This study aims to assess the influence of Animation-Based Education on adolescents\u27 knowledge and attitudes regarding the prevention of sexual violence.
Method. The study used a one-group pretest–posttest design with 59 student respondents in Cimahi City. The intervention was in the form of an educational animated video on sexual violence prevention of ±5 minutes four times in two weeks. Knowledge of sexual violence prevention was measured using the Child Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire (CKAQ) and attitudes were measured using the Sexual Violence Attitudes questionnaire from Ambiya. Univariate and bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for variable knowledge and the Paired Sample t-test for attitude variable.
Results. The results showed a significant improvement in adolescents\u27 knowledge and attitudes after being given the intervention (p\u3c0.00). The majority of respondents showed improved knowledge and a positive attitude after the intervention
Green Connectivity In Metropolitan Jabodetabek: Climate Change and The Challenge of Urban Forest
No full textUrban areas in Indonesia, particularly the Greater Jakarta metropolitan region (Jabodetabek), are increasingly experiencing the adverse effects of climate change, such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Rapid urbanization has contributed significantly to rising greenhouse gas emissions and deteriorating environmental quality. Urban forests are one of the key solutions to mitigate these impacts; however, their spatial distribution in Jabodetabek remains suboptimal and poorly connected. This study uses NDVI as a proxy for urban forest density, where “urban forest” refers to vegetated areas within cities as defined by Presidential Regulation No. 60/2020. The research addresses the following question: How has urban forest connectivity across Jabodetabek changed over a 30-year period? Using multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was employed to identify vegetation cover and assess temporal changes in urban forest density. NDVI values were processed using ArcPy in ArcMap, followed by spatial reclassification to identify areas of degradation or regeneration. The analysis reveals fragmented and disconnected urban forests across Jabodetabek, with some areas experiencing vegetation loss of up to 40.3%, while others show a gradual recovery of up to 33.9%. The dynamics along the Bekasi River indicate that upstream and downstream areas remain connected, but are disrupted in the peri-urban–to–suburban transition zone, creating ecological gaps that interrupt continuity. This challenge is further compounded in urban areas, particularly Jakarta, where urban forests are not yet ecologically or administratively connected. These findings emphasize the urgency of strengthening urban forest connectivity to enhance ecological resilience and climate adaptation in Jabodetabek