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The recurrence of Bowen’s disease after topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream application: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Bowen’s disease (BD) may develop into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), which can spread to other parts of the body. 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream is commonly used for topical therapy on BD; however, the frequency and duration of treatment per cycle have not been standardized. This systematic review aimed to identify the most effective frequency and duration of 5% 5-FU treatment for achieving complete clearance or minimal recurrence.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using three electronic databases (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024607488): MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus. The articles were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question. Appraisals were conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
Results: Five selected studies with 550 participants were critically reviewed; two were cohort studies and three were randomized trials. Some patients in total studies used more than one therapy cycle. Four of the five studies showed a recurrence rate in 12 months after the end of treatment. In cohort studies, the recurrence rate was 0–8.3% with twice-daily application for 9–16 weeks, whereas in randomized trials, the recurrence rate was 14.3–27.3% with various application frequencies for 4 weeks.
Conclusion: The most suitable duration and frequency of 5% 5-FU cream application per cycle to minimize the recurrence rate of BD is twice daily for four weeks per cycle. However, other factors may affect the recurrence rate
THE COLONIALITY OF GENDER IN SPORTS AND EDUCATION: COLONIAL LEGACIES OF THE PHILIPPINES’ MODERN GENDER SYSTEM IN ROOKIE (2023)
Get PDFThis article discusses the lasting impact of colonial-era policies on the gender system portrayed in the Filipino LGBT coming-of-age movie Rookie (2023) by analyzing the gendered notions in sports and education. Rookie, directed by Samantha Lee, tells the story of Maria Ace Asuncion who is navigating and exploring life as a transfer student learning to master volleyball. As a rookie or newbie at school and in the sport, Ace comes across gendered notions in sports and education that reveal the state of the gender system. Using the concept of \u27Coloniality of Gender\u27 by Maria Lugones, this paper argues how colonial policies impact the gender system by examining gendered notions whose origin can be traced to the history of colonialization in the Philippines by Spain and the United States. Rookie shows the current picture of the enduring influence of colonial-era policies on the gender system through its portrayal of sports and education. However, the movie also portrays how the main characters defy from heterosexualist gendered notions through an exploration of their sexuality
THE SYSTEMATICS OF ONLINE DEBT COLLECTION SPEECH IN INDONESIAN
Get PDFThis study examines the discourse systematics used in the online loan collection speeches in the Indonesian language. Online loans are one of the financial services that are widely used by the people nowadays. However, the efforts to collect these loans have raised issues within the community. This study aims to elaborate on the speech acts and systematics forming the discourse of online loan collection. This study is using 50 screenshots of online loan collection messages on Instagram accounts as the data source. Research data is in the form of speeches used by the creditors to collect debt from the debtors. The analysis was carried out using Beller\u27s (2005) threatening speech approach. Based on these study results, the systematics of online loan collection discourse consists of four constructions, namely (i) conditional form, (ii) conjunctive form, (iii) disjunctive form, (iv) and temporal form
The Need for the Enactment of Prize Law Legislation in Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia is a peace-loving nation. However, maintaining independence is more precious than maintaining peace. Therefore, Indonesia will always be ready to maintain its independence at any cost, including war. Indonesia claims itself as a maritime nation. All of those facts disregard the point that Indonesia lacks legislation regarding the law of naval warfare. This is particularly true in the case of the prize law. There are no single laws, statutes, or even procedures that govern the prize law in times of armed conflict at sea. The practice of the prize law has also been lacking since Indonesia’s independence in 1945. Even though the prize law is an old body of law, its applicability is still likely in the future’s armed conflict at sea. For this body of law to be applicable, many variables need to be discussed, especially regarding the relations between Indonesia’s domestic law and international law. The need for the accession of international treaties related to the prize law is also an important subject matter. This article found that the non-existence of the prize law means that there is a big gap in the law that needs to be filled
The Implications of UN Security Council Resolutions in Shaping the Dynamics of the Palestinian-Israel Peace Process: The Israel-Hamas War as a Case Study
Get PDFThe Israeli war on Gaza on 7 October 2023 has raised questions regarding the effectiveness of international institutions in promoting peace and security. The Security Council (SC) plays an important role in global conflict resolution. The Council\u27s response to the bloody war in Gaza has been the subject of scrutiny, causing many to question its competence and impact on global stability. Therefore, this study aims to examine the participation and influence of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in shaping the dynamics of the Israel-Palestinian conflict, with a particular focus on the recent military conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. A mixed-method design was used to provide a nuanced understanding of UNSC engagement, and it combines the qualitative analysis of diplomatic discourse with quantitative analysis of historical and new UNSC resolutions. Furthermore, the legal analysis method was used. The results showed a correlation between the escalation or de-escalation of the conflict in the Israel-Palestinian context and the intricate patterns of decision-making in the UNSC. These results emphasized the limitations and potential strengths of the UNSC, as well as providing insight into the viability or effectiveness in conflict resolution
Fragments Within Fragments: The Collective Negotiation of Exquisite Corpse Drawings
Get PDFThis paper argues for the critical role of collective drawings as a form of representation that highlights the open process. The open process of collective drawing involves actions performed by multiple actors and actions that are not limited to producing drawings together but also require the expression of ideas. Collective drawing encourages negotiations among fragments of the drawing, which opens up various possibilities of representations within the interiority discourse. Exquisite corpse drawings made by Surrealist artists occupy an influential position as drawings produced via an open process regulated by the internal mechanism, manifesting as a continuous act of drawing. This study on exquisite corpse drawings is conducted by dissecting the drawing fragments and examining how the head–torso–feet relationship is negotiated within them. The study reveals that layers of negotiation among fragments represent how the collective act of drawing works. This finding contributes to expanding the internal logic and system of a collective drawing process, allowing diverse interpretations and articulation of the representation works
The Kitchen as a Social-Spatial Barometer: Deconstructing the Domestic Realm From a Gender Perspective
Get PDFEmergent domesticities have generated new forms of urban life that have dissolved the historical duality between the home and the city. Last century\u27s gender revolution in Western societies, together with contemporary technologies, has affected how people organise their daily lives. Everyday time has replaced typological space, blurring the lines between reproductive and productive activities and consequently affecting private and public spaces and how we live together. Pre- modern dwellings consisted of spatial spaces in which a few pieces of furniture were used to carry out everyday activities and were replaced in 18th-century bourgeois culture by spatial devices organised into \u27room.\u27 Defined typologically according to modern concepts such as intimacy, domesticity and privacy, as opposed to the public sphere, room has now become a political tool to challenge the status quo. This article focuses on a renewed understanding of the kitchen as the appropriate element to showcase emerging ways of life related to architecture, gender, and the city, which coexist with the prevailing model of capitalism. The text aims to highlight the shift from a model based on relationships of social reproduction to a (counter-)model relying on caring and collective interactions that can contribute to the unfinished process of gender equality and social justice
The Indonesian Guardianship and Indonesian Private International Law
Get PDFThe increasing of number of cross-border legal relationships, especially family legal relationships, is inevitable. For instance, it is also commonly accepted for a foreign national to have a legal-bond with children from another country, which is also known as intercountry adoption, guardianship and fostership. This paper aims to analyze and classify guardianship involving international dimension within the jurisdiction of Indonesia. The examination of this legal question would be on the basis of Indonesian Private International Law (PIL). The choice of law and the choice of jurisdiction are the basic analysis, further, as to whether the guardianships are in line with the prevailing regulations and mirroring the principle of the best interest of the child. The importance of this research question is in line with the consideration that the varied classification of custody leads to different legal consequences as well; both to the children and the parents, either the biological parents or the non-biological parents of the children
Efektivitas Full Body Stretching dan Edukasi Manual Handling Digital terhadap Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Pekerja Yantek
Get PDFOccupational Diseases (PAK) in the form of pain complaints in the skeletal system that cause the work process are called Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). PT. PLN Yantek workers are at risk of experiencing MSDs complaints because the work is done manually and the work posture is less ergonomic. This study aimed to analyze the effect of implementing full-body stretch and digital-based manual handling education and to assess its effectiveness on MSDs. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 26 Yantek workers. The intervention was given at 10 meetings, MSDs complaints were measured using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire and analyzed using a paired sample t-test with a significance of α = 0.005. The study\u27s results on the full body stretch variable and digital-based manual handling education in the experimental group showed a p-value of 0.000, which means there are differences in MSDs complaints before and after the intervention. The full-body stretch intervention results showed a mean difference of 13.27, while the digital-based manual handling education intervention showed a mean difference of 10.58. Therefore, both interventions have the same effect in reducing MSDs complaints, but whole-body stretching showed greater effectiveness.
Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), full body stretching, digital-based manual handling educatio
Exploring Global Research Trends on Smoking and Mental Health: A Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFThis bibliometric analysis explores global trends, author productivity, institutional and country contributions, citation patterns, and thematic relationships in the literature linking smoking and mental health. Data from the Scopus database were retrieved using specific keyword combinations related to smoking and mental health, resulting in 1,782 eligible articles after filtering for research quality. The study examines publication trends, identifies high-impact studies, and maps thematic clusters in the field. Results indicate a notable increase in publications after 2000, driven by growing recognition of smoking\u27s impact on mental well-being and the integration of mental health considerations in tobacco control policies. Thematic mapping reveals key areas of focus, including smoking cessation interventions, the neuropsychological effects of nicotine, and socio-economic factors influencing smoking behavior. Despite significant progress, critical gaps remain, particularly in research from low- and middle-income countries, minority populations, and the long-term effectiveness of interventions. This study calls for a more inclusive approach to future research to develop culturally sensitive and accessible interventions, ultimately improving global health outcomes