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Unstable Positions, Showy Representations, and Scientific Misconduct: The STAP Cell Scandal and the Vulnerability of the Research Regime in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis paper focuses on the STAP cell scandal and investigates structural problems in the scientific regime in Japan. Owing to the Japanese government’s arguably failed policy of increasing the number of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, a multitude of junior scientists, including Haruko Obokata, the main figure of the STAP cell project, were under pressure from under-employment. The authors analyze the representative tactics of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) where Obokata’s scientific misconduct occurred. RIKEN, a prestigious research institute, has publicized showy experiments, sometimes transcending the realm of authentic science. This paper argues that the representations made by participants in the STAP cell scandal were analogous with preceding “magical” demonstrations.departmental bulletin pape
Shaking table tests and numerical analysis on two-story Z-type NC braced frame
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe authors propose a Z-type NC braced frame with reduction capability of earthquake response in elastic region by elastic strain energy accumulation. The following conclusions were obtained from shaking table tests and numerical analyses of one-story NC braced frames. 1) Z-type NC braced frames characterize one-directional incremental deformation performance. 2) Earthquake responses of the elastic frames can be reduced by function of the energy accumulation. 3) The frames in plastic region show bi-linear-type restoring force characteristics and therefore they absorb equal level of plastic strain energy to BRB braced ones. In this paper shaking table tests of two-stories Z-type NC braced frames are carried out to examine these functions of multi-stories frames. The experimental results clarify the performance of one-story frames applying to multi-stories ones.departmental bulletin pape
Coil Fabrication Using the Manual Winding Machine with a Turns Counter|and Its Application to the Energy Harvesting
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe electromotive force that is more than 1.5V is needed when a small electronic device is driven by the energy harvesting device to apply a teaching material. So, we have developed a manual winding machine equipped with a turns counter to fabricate the mini coils of the multiple layer and windings on the small bobbin for the sewing machine. The number of turns of the fabricated coil is thousands or ten-thousand times. The self-inductance and resistance of the coils were measured. The measurement value and the theoretical values were in good agreement with an error of less than 5%. In addition, by using the coils, we have developed a Stirling engine generator that operates at a low temperature difference.journal articl
Development of a Teaching Material for Energy Conversion using Micro Hydropower
Get PDFapplication/pdfTo acquire the scientific thinking, students should conduct experiments and measurements. And it would also be important to try to quantify using physical formulas. So, we have developed a teaching material of micro hydropower generator that can quantify the energy conversion efficiency. We use a classical water wheel that is suitable for low head drop. This apparatus can be used in laboratory or field experiments. To clarify the power generation performance, it was carried out the resistance load test and the head drop change test. We also clarified the education effects of this apparatus.journal articl
Teaching Effect of Energy Harvesting with the Drinking Bird
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe have developed an energy harvesting apparatus using the drinking bird for an experimental teaching material. Some of the pendulum motion energy of the drinking bird is converted into the electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. It is possible to confirm the small LED flashing and the operation of galvanometer. We conducted a lesson of energy harvesting to college students and carried out the demonstrative experiments using this apparatus. We clarified the teaching effects through the mini tests and surveys to confirm the comprehension of the students.journal articl
Earthquake response analyses of non-symmetric Z-type NC braced flame with eccentricity
Get PDFapplication/pdfAn earthquake produces a torsional vibration of structures with eccentricity. The torsional vibration causes large damage to structures. Authors propose a new earthquake resistant system of a non-symmetric Z-type NC braced frame with performance of earthquake response reduction. The system produces incremental torsional deformation with function of elastic response reduction. In this paper earthquake response analytical results of the NC braced frames with the eccentricity show the same level of torsional vibration as BRB frames. The system can be applied to frames with the eccentricity.departmental bulletin pape
Earthquake response analyses of steel rigid frame with various restoring force characteristics of column base
Get PDFapplication/pdfEarthquake response analyses of one-story and one-span rigid frames with various restoring force characteristics of column base are carried out to clarify the influence of the characteristics on response behavior of the frames. The effect of an axial compressive force restricts the yielding moment of the column base and additional bending resistance of axial compression is considered to analyze frames with non-negligible vertical weight.|Analytical results show that the maximum responses of the frames are approximately constant but residual deformation is affected slightly by axial compression.departmental bulletin pape
Study of liquefaction experience equipment using a plastic bottle
Get PDFapplication/pdf地盤工学は土木工学の中の主要な科目のひとつであり，地震が多いわが国では地盤の液状化現象は土木工学を学ぶ学生にとって重要な知識である。液状化現象は，地下水面下の緩く堆積した砂地盤が地震動によって液体状になる現象である。地盤の液状化が発生すると，地上にある構造物が傾斜・倒壊する，地中の下水管やマンホールなどが浮き上がる，あるいは，地盤沈下に伴って土砂を含んだ地下水が地上に噴出する，などの現象が生じる。|実際に液状化を発生させて現象を間近に観察する方法として，小型の水槽に砂と水を入れて緩く堆積した状態に調節した上で振動を与えて液状化を再現する装置が，本学も含め大学や研究機関でなどで使われている。しかしこの方法は給排水設備を要したり比較的多量の砂を用いるなどの制約が多く，どこででも手軽に再現出来るわけではない。そこで簡易にどこででも液状化現象を再現する方法として，ペットボトルを用いる方法がここ数年いくつか開発され，理科教室などで使用されている。|本学本学科では，液状化の再現を解りやすくするために大型化するなど，ペットボトルを用いる方法に改良を加え，平成27年度のオープンキャンパスで使用して好評を得た。departmental bulletin pape
Saussure’s Theory of Sign
Get PDFapplication/pdfFerdinand de Saussure insists that a langue is in an individual’s brain but not perfect in any individual. An individual performs parole using this langue, which is comprised of signes. A signe is a combination of a signifié (concept) and a signifiant (acoustic image), and emerges after a langue divides the masses of both concept and sound simultaneously. Valeurs between signes are realized by syntagmatic and associative relations. Then, how can polysemous words and homonyms be explained by Saussure’s theory of sign?departmental bulletin pape
The Power Generation from Tidal Currents Using Pier at Seto Inland Sea ― Observation and Trial Calculation about Tidal Currents Energy of an Ohshima Ohashi Bridge ―
Get PDFapplication/pdfJapan is the maritime state surrounded by the sea, effective use of the ocean energy which exists abundantly is an important issue, and the realization is desired. Tidal current is the periodic energy which can be predicted, therefore it can expect to supply energy stably. In Seto Inland Sea, many straits and Seto regions exist, and it is known that tidal current energy will be amplified because a tidal current becomes quick. Therefore, the power generation technology which utilized current energy attracts attention. This study estimated the possibility of the tidal current power generation in Seto Inland Sea by performing local observation. At first time, the amount of maximum energies was calculated by observing the tidal current of Seto Inland Sea. Next, the amount of maximum energies obtained when a dynamo is built was calculated.departmental bulletin pape