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Reconnaissance Report on Building Damages due to the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe 2016 Kumamoto earthquake gave a great amount of damage to buildings. The JMA seismic intensity of 7 was recorded in Mashiki-machi and Nishihara-mura. 49 peoples was killed, more than 1,800 were injured. The number of totally collapsed building structures were 8,336, and partially collapsed structures exceeded 26,000. Nine days after the occurrence of the earthquake, authors conducted a field survey of the most stricken areas, such as Udo city, Kumamoto city and Mashikimatimachi, and investigated the damage state of buildings. This paper mainly reports the damage of reinforced concrete buildings, and then discusses the details on the examples of severely damaged buildings; it describes their structural systems and major damages.departmental bulletin pape
A Study about war remains in Rijo-castle
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe anti-aircraft strategy operation room, which used to be a facility of the old Japanese army and still exists in the precincts of Rijo-Castle, is a structure exposed to radiation in 1945 when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. This structure has never been used since the end of World War II, and has become decrepit. No official documents of the structure remain, and the details of its present condition are not known well.
These facilities were also investigated the current year following fiscal year 2015. (1) made a drawing of the anti-aircraft war room more in-depth than an investigation, (2) the interior where a crack around the ceiling of the approach structure in the anti-aircraft war room where was found newly was used,(3) the underground utility was checked around the anti-aircraft war room,(4) related literature search was performed, in fiscal year 2015 the current year.
This structure was in Rijo-Castle, so all one which exists in Rijo-Castle couldn't change the current state for a historical site, so it was to investigate in the area which can be done by non-destruction.
It's clear from an investigation that deterioration continues, and it's recommended that several ways will be taken for the preservation and some good use in the future. It＇ll be expected also to continue investigation activity from now on.departmental bulletin pape
Mechanical properties of Concrete from Existing Building Constructed in 1963
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe properties of old concrete are important factors in the seismic evaluations of existing buildings. However, those properties are sometime different from design performance in the structural draft. It is investigated that those properties of concrete are affected by deteriorations over long time periods, uncertainty of construction and several other factors. 54 concrete specimens were manufactured from the concrete cylinders from school building planed for demolition. In this paper, the mechanical properties of old concrete are mainly discussed. By compressive tests using 26 concrete specimens the compressive strengths were widely distributed. The lowest strength 8.4 N/mm2 was less than half of the specified strength of 17.6N/mm2, although the average compressive strength of 17.1N/mm2 was almost the same as the specified strength. The tensile strengths by using 28 concrete specimens were distributed from 0.54N/ mm2 to 1.95N/mm2. The modulus of elasticity was approximately 0.925 times of the estimated values by using the present equations.departmental bulletin pape
Chomsky’s I-language and E-language
Get PDFapplication/pdfLanguage has been thought to be the object of linguistics. But Noam Chomsky insists that language is a useless notion for linguistic science. He argues that linguistics should be concerned with grammar. He renames language and grammar, externalized language (E-language) and internalized language (I-language) respectively. According to Chomsky, E-language (language) is something abstract externalized from the actual apparatus of our mind and I-language (grammar) is the physical mechanism of our brain. If we are endowed with Universal Grammar (UG) at birth and get I-language after parameters built in UG are set one way or another and I-language generates E-language, then I-language will be the object of linguistic science. But if there is nothing but language (E-language) spoken or written around us and grammar (I-language) is regularity derived from language (E-language), then we will have a quite different story. In other words, language spoken or written around us will be the object of linguistic science.departmental bulletin pape
A Report to the Online Testing Systems Applied to All Freshman Students
Get PDFapplication/pdfTo take care of students who were taught insufficiently in high schools and junior high schools, we have recently established the follow-up program (FP) aimed at helping students who need basic learning and aimed at assisting teachers who have to engage in teaching a variety of educational students. The follow-up systems are recognized as a part of the follow-up program, and consist of the learning check testing, follow-up program testing, and collaborative work testing. These testing systems use a large number of structured problem items installed in the database (i.e., item bank). It is considered to be difficult to design mathematics lectures for undergraduate classes if a variety of students exist in the same class. In this paper we first introduce the newly developed follow-up program and its related testing systems such as the learning check testing (LCT), follow-up program testing (FPT), and collaborative work testing (CWT). Four months have passed since the FP system was first introduced. We then show our experience of the use of the FP system and related things. We have found that 1) students showed us positive attitudes toward the newly introduced testing system, 2) although many difficulties occurred at the beginning of the system launching, the systems are working well in overall, 3) we have faced to the difficulty of how we manage the FP classes, which reminds us the defect of initial FP design, 4) we have learned many valuable things about education by participating this opportunity.departmental bulletin pape
A Study of Urban Design for Symbiotic relationship with rivers ——The appropriate scale of Compact city HIROSHIMA——
Get PDFapplication/pdfIt is important embark on reforms that delve into our way of life and social systems, including creating lifestyles harmonious with nature such as forests, efficient transport systems including public transportation, and compact urban development.|The purpose of this study is to uncover the boder line an urbanization promotion area and Satoyama (natural) areas. Hiroshima was keeped the appropriate scale of area for Compact city till 1930’s. It start development for housing area at Satooyama areas. Also Hiroshima had transportation on the water using a rivers around 1870’s. Those areas on map of Hiroshima, it is matching it to “the Make a City of Waterways” which Hiroshima Planed in 1990.|It is suggested the appropriate scale of Compact city HIROSHIMA.departmental bulletin pape
Parameters for the Item Response Theory between Different Groups —— An Example of Comparison of the Mathematics Placement Tests between Two Universities ——
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe item response theory (IRT) is often used in modern educational evaluation scene. However, if the two groups are different from each other, the estimated IRT parameters such as item difficulty parameters, discriminant parameters, and students’ ability parameters in each group may differ from each other. We have investigated this phenomenon using the two universities’ testing results (high school level mathematics placement tests). The universities are both specified to science and technology. The number of students in investigation in a university is 145, and 179 in another university. As a result, we have found that 1) the estimates for the item difficulty parameters show no clear differences between the two groups, 2) the estimates for the students’ ability parameters differ from each other if the two groups are different. To compare the difference of ability among groups, use of combined data is strongly required.departmental bulletin pape
A Study about war remains in Rijo-castle
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe anti-aircraft strategy operation room, which used to be a facility of the old Japanese army and still exists in the precincts of Rijo-Castle, is a structure exposed to radiation in 1945 when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. This structure has never been used since the end of World War II, and has become decrepit. No official documents of the structure remain, and the details of its present condition are not known well.|On the 70th anniversary of the end of the war, a survey was conducted, and the architectural style, materials, anti-aircraft efficiency, and soundness of the structure were investigated by researchers. As a result of the survey, it was found that the structure had been built in a semibasement so that it could bear air raid, and that it was made of reinforced concrete. Through the observations of the parts which researchers were able to enter, it was found that the floors, the walls, and the ceilings had been largely exfoliated, and some kind of rapid countermeasures seem necessary to prevent the further deterioration. At the same time, as a result of interviews with people who know of the situations 70 years ago, it has become known to some extent how the inner parts of the structure were used. Based upon these findings, an exhibition of the anti-aircraft strategy operation room was held from July to September in 2015.|It is not appropriate to make large-scale changes of the structure, because it is a historic relic located in the precincts of Hiroshima Castle. However, it is clear from the survey that the deterioration is continuing, and, it is recommended that some measures should be taken for its preservation and some good use in the future.departmental bulletin pape
