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Der Graf von Charolais (5)
Get PDFapplication/pdf翻訳：「シャロレ伯爵」リヒャルト・ベーア＝ホフマン著departmental bulletin pape
Learning Analytics: Trends of Taking Tests to LCT and FPT in 2017 vs. 2016
Get PDFapplication/pdfLast year, we reported the similar trends to the learning analytics, where FP (follow-up program) class attending rates became smaller values from high values as time goes on. In addition, almost all the students who were requested to attend the FP classes did not attend the classes at last. The reason is that there were no incentives to attend the classes such that they would not be disadvantageous even if they were absent. Therefore, we have determined to change the class management from the adaptive online testing intensive class to the exercise intensive class. In this paper, we first compare the trends of taking tests of the LCT (learning check testing) and FPT (follow-up program testing). The attending rates have improved.|Next, we have investigated why the number of class attendees is so different from that of those who are requested to attend the classes. We have found that almost half or more are those who decided absence of classes from the begging of the semester.departmental bulletin pape
A Consideration on Point Allotments to Items and Score Adjustment in Testing: Comparison to the Item Response Theory
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn many situations, regardless of whether we are aware of it or not, point allotment to items in testing and score adjustment are often performed without deep considerations; for example, in final examination in universities, teachers try to find the appropriate point allotments for scores, or to set the appropriate threshold to discriminate the successful group and the failed group by using their own methods. However, such the methods of point allotment and score adjustment may affect the examinees’ accurate evaluation for abilities. The item response theory, IRT, is one of the famous methods to evaluate examinees’ abilities and items (problems) difficulties simultaneously accurately and efficiently. In this paper, we consider typical situations in testing to compare the results from point allotment methods and score adjustment methods with those from the item response theory. We have found that score adjustment methods have possibilities to disturb the orders of scores arranged by using the raw scores. However, the IRT may consistently leave the orders as they were. In addition, the IRT arranges appropriate scores. To evaluate the examinees’ abilities accurately, it is recommended to use the IRT method rather than to use point allotment or score adjustment methods.departmental bulletin pape
The Origin of Language
Get PDFapplication/pdfThere have been a lot of discussions of the origin of language. Some people think that the origin of words is onomatopoeias. Meanwhile, according to expressive theories, the origin of words and language is the innate cries of pain or pleasure produced by nonhuman animals. Others insist that language originated as a means of communication. Another theory holds that a learned vocalization systems, more like birdsong than innate calls, formed a middle term in language evolution. Others claim that gestures provided a middle stage in language evolution. Max Müller thinks that all human languages have a single common origin. For Charles Darwin, the origin of language is the imitation of natural sounds, the voices of other animals, and man’s cries. Noam Chomsky claims that the origin of language is mutation of brain cells. Ferdinand de Saussure insists that it is meaningless to ask a question of the origin of language. After all, what is the origin of language?departmental bulletin pape
Saussure’s Legacy
Get PDFapplication/pdfFerdinand de Saussure divides langage into langue and parole. Then he makes langue the subject matter of linguistics. On the other hand, Noam Chomsky claims that linguistics should deal with I-language, contrasting it with E-language. It seems that langue and I-language are very different concepts. But if we closely examine them, it turns out that they have a lot of things in common although there are a few differences between them.departmental bulletin pape
Alan Turing’s Question
Get PDFapplication/pdfCan machines think? Alan Turing tried to answer this question using his Turing test. Moreover, he expected that machines could pass the test in the future. On the other hand, John Searle proposes a thought experiment called “Chinese room” and argues that machines do not think because they just only manipulate symbols. But Noam Chomsky insists that the question of whether machines can think is a matter of usage of words not a matter of fact. According to Yuval Noah Harari, organisms are biochemical algorithms. So we cannot find any differences between organisms and machines. Michio Kaku claims that the question will not have any meaning if machines behave like human beings. Can machines think or not?departmental bulletin pape
Positive changes in student attitudes and beliefs about Physics obtained by incorporating experiments into lectures on Physics
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe investigate how student attitudes and beliefs about Physics are affected by instruction incorporating experiments into lectures. The attitudes and beliefs are evaluated by 11-item Likert-scale (agree-disagree) survey extracted from Maryland Physics Expectations survey before and after the instruction to first year university students. The results of this survey indicate that this type of instruction brings positive changes to how students see Physics.departmental bulletin pape
Connecting the learning from a curriculum management perspective using a benchtop waste plastic oiling device ——junior high school science, senior high school chemistry, school events——
Get PDFapplication/pdfプラスチックを油化（炭化水素液化）する卓上油化装置は，現行学習指導要領が示す方針である有用性の実感や環境教育の充実といったことにもつながり，また，その物理的な大きさからの存在感もあるなど，教材としての高い可能性を有していると考えられる。|2008年から授業や学校行事でこの卓上油化装置の取り扱い実績がある広島なぎさ中学校・高等学校の事例について，関係者で実状を振り返り課題の整理を行った。そして，装置の教材としての教育的価値を吟味し，カリキュラムマネジメントの視点から，卓上油化装置を用いた教育活動について6か年教育の理科，学校行事の学びのつながりの作成を行うとともに，この作業を通して得られたものをまとめた。departmental bulletin pape
Speech-Act Theory
Get PDFapplication/pdfJ. L. Austin claims that to say something is to do something and divides all utterances into performative utterances (henceforth performatives) and constative utterances (henceforth constatives). Then, he endeavors to establish a criterion for distinguishing performatives and constatives, but he fails to do so. As a result, he abandons the criterion for separating utterances into performatives and constatives, and reaches a conclusion that all utterances are performatives. But his analysis of utterances causes an infinite regress, which means that his logic collapses.departmental bulletin pape