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Von der Bedarfserhebung zum Beratungsangebot
No full textForschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) gewinnt aufgrund der Anforderung nach wissen- schaftlicher Nachvollziehbarkeit und Nachnutzung von Daten an Hochschulen an Bedeutung. Die Bedarfserhebung in Brandenburg ist die erste, die sich an alle Forschenden sowohl an Fachhoch- schulen als auch an Universitäten eines ganzen Bundeslandes richtet. Erhoben werden Kenntnisstand und Bedarfe für Beratung, Schulung und technische Unterstützung im Umgang mit Daten als Basis für den lokalen und landesweiten Aufbau von Infrastruktur und Serviceangeboten. Der Fragenkatalog basiert auf einer bundesweiten Erhebung an Fachhochschulen zu FDM. Erste Zwischenergebnisse der Erhebung deuten darauf hin, dass die Kenntnisse zu FDM sehr gering und die Bedarfe zu Beratung, Schulungen und unterstützender technischer Infrastruktur hoch sind
Participatory Strategy Development for Sustainable Biomass Production (PARSCO): A Practical Guide Using the MARISCO Toolbox
No full textThis guide provides a structured methodology for developing and critically assessing strategies for sustainable food and biomass production through a participatory and systemic approach. It responds to the limitations of mainstream policies and strategies in agriculture and bioeconomy, which often prioritize technological solutions and lack bottom-up engagement of local stakeholders in knowledge-building and decision-making.
The PARSCO methodology presented in this guidebook is an adaptation of the MARISCO toolbox (Adaptive MAnagement of vulnerability and RISk at COnservation sites) developed at the Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management. It has been tailored to assess and improve food and biomass production systems based on local knowledge, diverse stakeholder perspectives, and a systemic situation analysis using knowledge mapping and multi-criteria analysis tools. PARSCO is a landscape-based method primarily designed for application in local or regional settings, involving a series of participatory workshops with local stakeholders. It was developed over a period of five years at Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development and tested in workshops with smallholder farmers and other local actors in rural Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan.
The guidebook serves as a step-by-step manual for practitioners, planners, and transdisciplinary researchers applying PARSCO in project planning, policy evaluation, and sustainable land management. It emphasizes the importance of systemic thinking—understanding the interconnectedness and complex dynamics of social-ecological systems—and participatory decision-making to ensure inclusive, effective, and context-specific solutions. As a standalone guidebook, it can also be used as a complementary resource to existing MARISCO guides by offering more detailed guidance on the facilitation of participatory processes
Die Bayerische Leseholzordnung in der heutigen Zeit - Eine Analyse zu Hintergründen und Auswirkungen
No full textIm Herbst 2022 steigen die Energie – und Gaspreise in Deutschland. Dadurch wird zum Thema, was
lange keine Beachtung mehr fand: Die bayerische Leseholzordnung. Diese Bekanntmachung, deren
neuste Fassung aus dem Jahr 1986 stammt, kann, wenn von vielen Personen angewendet, verschiedene Auswirkungen auf den Wald haben, wodurch sich ein Konfliktfeld zwischen den verschiedenen
Zielen in Bezug auf dieses Ökosystem ergeben kann. Diese Arbeit nimmt sich daher zum Ziel, jene
Auswirkungen der Leseholzordnung zu untersuchen. Dafür werden mithilfe einer Literaturrecherche
Hintergründe und die ökologische Bedeutung von Leseholz analysiert und eine computerbasierte Umfrage unter Revierförstern der Bayerischen Staatsforsten liefert Informationen zur heutigen Situation
der Leseholznutzung. Mehrere Experteninterviews ergänzen die Ergebnisse. Hierbei konnte festgestellt werden, dass Leseholz als Bodentotholz viele essenzielle Funktionen im Wald erfüllt und daher
eine höhere Wertschätzung erhalten sollte. Dies erstreckt sich über die Nährstoffzirkulation, den Wasserhaushalt, Erosion – und Verjüngungsschutz bis hin zur Lebensraumschaffung für zahlreiche Tier-,
Pflanzen- und Pilzarten. Als Energiequelle hingegen weist es meist mindere Qualität auf und kann in
dieser Aufgabe sinnvoll durch konventionell bereitgestelltes Brennholz ersetzt werden. Um aber dennoch einen Ausgleich zwischen den ökologischen und sozioökonomischen Interessen dieser Ressource zu ermöglichen, wäre eine stärkere Kontrolle der Leseholznutzung vonnöten, welche sich allerdings als sehr aufwendig erweist und bei nachweislich trotz Energiekrise geringem Interesse der
Bevölkerung nicht sonderlich sinnvoll erscheint. Die heutige Nutzung beschränkt sich weitestgehend
auf ländliche Räume, wo an Wegrändern meist nicht mehr als ein Festmeter (Fm) pro Hektar und Jahr
gesammelt wird und dies ungleichmäßig über das Jahr verteilt. In jedem Fall ist eine Überarbeitung
der Leseholzordnung überfällig, da sie in ihrem aktuellen Wortlaut nicht mit den heutigen Gegebenheiten abgestimmt ist und dadurch zu Unklarheiten führen kann. Um den besten Weg zu finden, wie
weiter mit ihr verfahren werden soll, müssen weitere Untersuchungen durchgeführt und eine Zusammenarbeit mit der Bevölkerung angestrebt werden
Impact of forest landscape restoration in combating soil erosion in the Lake Abaya catchment, Southern Ethiopia
No full textAbstract
As an effect of forest degradation, soil erosion is among Ethiopia’s most pressing environmental challenges and a major threat to food security where it could potentially compromise the ecosystem functions and services. As the effects of soil erosion intensify, the landscape’s capacity to support ecosystem functions and services is compromised. Exploring the ecological implications of soil erosion is crucial. This study investigated the soil loss and land degradation in the Lake Abaya catchment to explore forest landscape restoration (FLR) implementation as a possible countermeasure to the effects. The study used a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to determine the potential annual soil loss and develop an erosion risk map. Results show that 13% of the catchment, which accounts for approximately 110,000 ha, is under high erosion risk of exceeding the average annual tolerable soil loss of 10 t/ha/year. Allocation of land on steep slopes to crop production is the major reason for the calculated high erosion risk in the catchment. A scenario-based analysis was implemented following the slope-based land-use allocation proposal indicated in the Rural Land Use Proclamation 456/2005 of Ethiopia. The scenario analysis resulted in a reversal erosion effect whereby an estimated 3000 t/ha/year of soil loss in the catchment. Thus, FLR activities hold great potential for minimizing soil loss and contributing to supporting functioning and providing ecosystem services. Tree-based agroforestry systems are among the key FLR measures championed in highly degraded landscapes in Ethiopia. This study helps policymakers and FLR implementors identify erosion risk areas for future FLR activities. Thereby, it contributes to achieving the country’s restoration commitment
Cost–benefit analysis on the implementation of nature-based treated wastewater reuse: case of sekem farm El-Wahat, Egypt
No full textAbstract
In a context of increasing pressure on water resources and severe aridity; expansion in the reuse of naturally treated wastewater can be a viable and low-cost solution particularly for irrigation forests, green non-fruit trees, fabric crops, industrial oils, and non-edible raw crops. Wastewater treatment is increasingly recognized as a potential means in El-Wahat El-Bahariya in Egypt. However, investment decisions concerning the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation needs to be justified in terms of financial and economic feasibility and profitability. Therefore, this research study aims to conduct a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of an investment project “reuse treated wastewater in irrigation compared to other modes of water irrigation projects. The CBA results revealed that the cost of the initial investment for the production of treated water used for irrigating green non-fruit trees, Bamboo trees, and Cactus in Sekem El-Wahat, is economically efficient with 88% compared to the exploitation of aquifer groundwater for irrigating the same crops. That project allows for an economic gain of about 4,428.5 €/ha compared to the cost of producing aquifer ground water in Sekem Farm El-Wahat is estimated at 10,800 €/year. Substituting the use of aquifer ground water for irrigating crops with reuse of treated wastewater helps reducing energy consumption and offers great financial benefits to the beneficial communities. A net benefit of the reuse of treated wastewater project is largely positive with NPV equivalent to 4599 €/year with a medium economic efficiency (BCR) of about 0.44
Wirkungsvoll Social Innovation Education & Social Entrepreneurship Education gestalten und etablieren – ein Leitfaden für die Hochschulpraxis
No full textDer Praxisleitfaden gibt Lehrpraktiker:innen auf Basis von Interviews und Praxisbegleitungen anwendungsorientierte Tipps darüber, wie sie Herausforderungen in der Aus- und Weiterbildung im Themenfeld Social Innovation Education & Social Entrepreneurship Education begegnen können, welche Erfolgsfaktoren eine Rolle spielen und welche Good Practices sich bewährt haben. Die in einem BMBF-Projekt gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen Lehrenden zur Verfügung gestellt werden, die sich dafür engagieren, Soziale Innovationen und Social Entrepreneurship in die Hochschulen zu bringen. Der Praxisleitfaden fokussiert drei Oberthemen, die gleichzeitig seine Struktur abbilden: Lehr- und Lernsituationen, Implementierung und Transfer
Analyse der Absolutgenauigkeit von Industrierobotern im Kontext der Genauigkeitsanforderungen des modernen Holzbaus
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Absolutgenauigkeit von Industrierobotern im Hinblick auf die spezifischen Genauigkeitsanforderungen im modernen Holzbau. Um zu definieren, welche Genauigkeit ein Industrieroboter für den Einsatz beim Abbund im Holzbau aufweisen muss, werden zunächst die Anforderungen an die im Werk vorproduzierten Bauteile analysiert. An-schließend wird die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Industrieroboters hinsichtlich der Präzision expe-rimentell überprüft. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den definierten Anforderungen verglichen, um die Eignung des Roboters zu bewerten und Handlungsempfehlungen für notwendige Optimie-rungen abzuleiten. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass Industrieroboter unter bestimmten Bedingungen die Genauigkeitsanforderungen im Holzbau erfüllen können, insbesondere bei räumlich begren-zen Bearbeitungsbereichen. Allerdings treten bei großflächigen Bearbeitungen über den gesam-ten Arbeitsraum und nach Umorientierungen des Werkzeugs signifikante Abweichungen auf. Um die Präzision zu steigern, sind Kalibrierungsmaßnahmen und angepasste Bearbeitungsstra-tegien notwendig
Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food vendors participating in Nigeria’s school feeding program
No full textAbstract
This study aimed to measure the food safety knowledge, attitude, and practices among food vendors engaged in Nigeria’s ongoing Home-grown School Feeding Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in face-to-face interviews with 240 food vendors from 3 states in northeast Nigeria involved in the school feeding program using a structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression results revealed that increased education and access to information through radio, television, and food inspection institutions increased food safety knowledge. Food safety attitudes score increased with more years of vending experience and accessing food safety information via radio, food inspection institutions, and the Internet. An increase in household size and food safety information from friends and colleagues negatively affected food safety attitude scores. As a result, we emphasize the need for dissemination of improved food safety information via radio, television and food safety inspection institutes. Food vendors in the SFP should be selected after passing a food safety training and gaining food handling experience. Higher education should be a priority criterion in the hiring process
OncomiR-181a promotes carcinogenesis by repressing the extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin in hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textAbstract
Background
Proteoglycans are important tumor microenvironment extracellular matrix components. The regulation of key proteoglycans, such as decorin (DCN), by miRNAs has drawn attention since they have surfaced as novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Accordingly, this study aimed at identifying the impact of miR-181a in liver cancer and its regulatory role on the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, DCN, and hence on downstream oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Results
DCN was under-expressed in 22 cirrhotic and HCC liver tissues compared to that in 11 healthy tissues of liver transplantation donors. Conversely, miR-181a was over-expressed in HCC liver tissues compared to that in healthy liver tissues. In silico analysis predicted that DCN 3’UTR harbors two high-score oncomiR-181a binding regions. This was validated by pmiRGLO luciferase reporter assay. Ectopic miR-181a expression into HuH-7 cells repressed the transcript and protein levels of DCN as assessed fluorometrically and by western blotting. DCN siRNAs showed similar results to miR-181a, where they both enhanced the cellular viability, proliferation, and clonogenicity. They also increased Myc and E2F and decreased p53 and Rb signaling as assessed using reporter vectors harboring p53, Rb, Myc, and E2F response elements. Our findings demonstrated that miR-181a directly downregulated the expression of its direct downstream target DCN, which in turn affected downstream targets related to cellular proliferation and apoptosis.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to unveil the direct targeting of DCN by oncomiR-181a. We also highlighted that miR-181a affects targets related to cellular proliferation in HCC which may be partly mediated through inhibition of DCN transcription. Thus, miR-181a could be a promising biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of liver cancer progression. This would pave the way for the future targeting of the oncomiR-181a as a therapeutic approach in liver cancer, where miR-181a-based therapy approach could be potentially combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for the management of liver cancer
Acoustic properties of thermally treated and furfurylated European hardwood species
No full textThree hardwood species, including alder (Alnus glutinosa), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and hornbeam (Carpinus
betulus), were analyzed for changes in their acoustic properties due to thermal treatment (TM), furfurylation (FU) and a
combination of both types of treatment (TF). TM was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200 °C for 4 hours. For FU, a
solution of 85% furfuryl alcohol, 10% water and 5% tartaric acid was used, which was impregnated in a vacuum pressure process,
followed by polymerization at 120 °C for 16 hours. For each wood species, one test group was left as an untreated reference, the
other groups were treated according to the treatment types TM, FU and TF. Per group 10 samples were tested using experimental
modal analysis. Due to the orthotropy of the wood, the acoustic parameters dynamic modulus of elasticity (E), damping and sound
radiation coefficient were determined in both the longitudinal and radial directions. The results show that TM slightly decreases
longitudinal E for all three species and slightly increases radial E for maple and hornbeam. FU and TF strongly increase the E in
the radial direction, especially for maple and alder. For all three species the damping is reduced by TM, more in the radial
direction than in the longitudinal direction. FU and TF increase the damping in the longitudinal direction, mainly for maple and
alder, but also reduce it in the radial direction. The sound radiation coefficient is reduced by FU and TF for all three species,
particularly in the longitudinal direction. However, in both the longitudinal and radial directions, TM slightly increases the sound
radiation coefficient for all three species. The anisotropy ratio of the longitudinal/radial E of all three species is reduced by FU
and TF, whereas TM has no significant effect on it