Publication Server of Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development
Not a member yet
28149 research outputs found
Sort by
Deutsche Führungsfrauen in der Tourismuswirtschaft: Zentrale Einflussfaktoren auf die weibliche Karriereentwicklung
No full textHintergrund: Die Tourismusindustrie ist eine der wichtigsten globalen Wirtschaftsbranchen. Sie verzeichnet über 100 Millionen Arbeitsplätze und ist ein stetig wachsender Dienstleistungssektor. Dieser weist einen durchschnittlichen Frauenanteil von 55,5 Prozent auf, territorial sogar bis zu 70 Prozent. Obwohl der Frauenanteil im Tourismus verhältnismäßig hoch ist, werden Frauen oft benachteiligt: in Form von niedrigerer Bezahlung, einer geschlechtsspezifischen Arbeitsteilung und einer Unterrepräsentanz in Führungs- und Entscheidungspositionen.
Ziel: Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet den Karrierebegriff sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch aus Sicht der interviewten Führungsfrauen aus der Tourismusindustrie. Zudem werden sowohl die förderlichen als auch hinderlichen Einflussfaktoren auf weibliche Karriereentwicklungen in der Tourismuswirtschaft identifiziert und beschrieben. Des Weiteren werden Gründe für die weibliche Unterrepräsentanz im Top-Management vorgestellt und förderliche Maßnahmen zur Reduktion dieser Unterrepräsentanz erläutert.
Methodologie: Um sowohl die förderlichen als auch hinderlichen Einflussfaktoren auf weibliche Karriereentwicklungen in der Tourismuswirtschaft zu identifizieren, werden biographisch- narrative Interviews mit deutschen Führungsfrauen aus dieser Branche durchgeführt, transkribiert und mit der Methode des thematischen Kodierens analysiert. Zudem werden die Interviews zur Datenerhebung genutzt, um die Karrieredefinitionen der Frauen zu ermitteln sowie Gründe für die weibliche Unterrepräsentanz in Top-Management-Positionen zu eruieren.
Fazit: Die Einflussfaktoren auf weibliche Karriereentwicklungen sind in allen Lebensbereichen der Frauen zu finden. Diese lassen sich in den privaten, institutionellen, gesellschaftlichen und beruflichen Bereich einordnen. Sie können sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf deren beruflichen Werdegang auswirken. Es müssen jedoch weitere gesellschaftliche und politische Veränderungen vollzogen werden, um besonders die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu erleichtern
Es wa(h)r einmal… Das Eberswalder Hochschulmärchenbuch
No full textSiebenmal „Es wa(h)r einmal…“
Das ist das einmalige Eberswalder Hochschulmärchenbuch.
Ein wort- und bildstarker Brückenschlag zwischen der Wissenschafts- und Märchenwelt, die näher beieinanderliegen, als man gemeinhin vermuten
mag. Mit fakten- und fantasiereichen Texten von Melanie Adam und
wahrhaft-märchenhaften Illustrationen von Charlotte Thömmes.
Ergänzt um interaktive Live- und Film-Aufführungen vom Berliner Figurentheater Schwarze Laterne und musikalische Lesungen mit Neumann & Wolf.
Ein innovatives Projekt der Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Eberswalde (HNEE), gefördert durch das Ministerium für Wissenschaft,
Forschung und Kultur des Landes Brandenburg (MWFK).
Mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Stadt Eberswalde und der Eberswalder
Hochschulgesellschaft (EHG).
Ein wahres Wissenschafts-Kunstwerk für große und kleine Forschungs- und
Märchenfans weit über die Eberswalder Stadtgrenzen hinaus
Fertilizer addition effect of novel recycling fertilizers from human excreta in a pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textAbstract
Recycling nutrients from human faeces is a practicable and effective process in terms of the circular economy. To test this, we carried out a pot experiment with a hygienized human faeces compost (HHFC) and a nitrified urine fertilizer (NUF) made from contents of dry toilets to determine the short‐term fertilizer addition effect. HHFC variants were created in increments equivalent to 10, 20, and 30 t ha −1 dry matter weight (DM) and as joint fertilizer application of HHFC and NUF. For the classification of the fertilizer addition effect, soluble concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil as well as contents in the plant ( Zea mays L.) were analysed after a trial period of 8 weeks. Above‐ground biomass, plant height, and chlorophyll content of the leaves were also assessed. The sole compost variants showed no to slightly higher DM yields than the control, whereas the combined compost urine fertilizer variant achieved around 80% of the DM yield of the mineral‐fertilizer applied reference treatment. The soil's total nitrogen storage is significantly increased in our experiment by the addition of HHFC. The concentration of soluble phosphorus in the soil increases significantly with increased compost applications. However, in the combined compost urine fertilizer variant, sufficient nitrogen supply results in a low level of soluble phosphorus because of high plant biomass production. This trend is reflected in the phosphorus content of plant material. HHFC is considered a good phosphorus fertilizer, which is also confirmed in this experiment. A similar picture emerges for the supply of potassium from HHFC. Although the liquid urine fertilizer (combined with HHFC) does not achieve the DM yield of the mineral reference variant in the early phase of plant growth, it has clear advantages in supplying the crop with nitrogen. This study shows that the recycling of nutrients from human faeces is a potential strategy for conserving finite resources and promoting energy‐efficient agricultural practices in line with the circular economy
Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders’ information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria
No full textAbstract
Although pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79%), hats (60%), and boots (57%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0–14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers’ knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides
The large-scale expansion of rubber plantations in southern India: major impacts and the changing nature of drivers
No full textAbstract
This study investigates the major environmental and socio-economic impacts of an increase in the area of rubber plantations and the changing patterns of drivers of land use changes. Using a combination of geospatial techniques and socio-economic methods, we mainly analyzed the rate of increase in area under rubber plantations, the major impacts of land use changes, and the changing drivers of land use changes. Our results show that the area under rubber plantations has increased significantly within the study area, with the area under rubber plantations increasing from 30 to 74% of the total area within five decades. Impact assessment of land use changes based on household surveys showed significant improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the farmers, however, at the expense of severe environmental degradation. Our results also indicate that while areas under rubber plantations continue to increase, the drivers of land use changes have changed over time. Furthermore, it has been observed that in the past, many interventions prioritized social and economic development and placed less emphasis on the ecological stability of the region. Perceptions of farmers revealed that the effects of ecological fragility already affected the economic robustness of the whole area. Therefore, we conclude that government interventions to support additional rubber cultivation should also focus on ecosystem stabilization in order to minimize the risk of an ecological catastrophe that would significantly affect the economic prosperity of the region
Evidence for regional-scale declines in carabid beetles in old lowland beech forests following a period of severe drought
No full textAbstract
Context
Evidence for declines in insect populations is growing with climate change being one suspected driver. Forests, however, are still underrepresented in the relevant research. Recent droughts (2018–2020) have severely affected forests in Central Europe and have been linked to declines in carabid abundance, biomass as well as changes in species traits at the local scale.
Objective
We tested drought effects on forest carabids at regional scale. We additionally investigated whether variability in drought effects could be explained with the initial community composition and the local environmental context.
Methods
We used generalized linear mixed models to compare data from 1999 to 2001 and 2020 to 2022 across eleven old beech forest sites of high conservation interest in North-East Germany and investigated changes in carabid abundance, biomass, Hill numbers and selected species traits. We then tested additional community-related and environmental predictors to explain spatial variability in changes in biomass.
Results
We found significant declines in biomass of 65% and in abundance of 51%. There were no significant changes in Hill numbers. We found consistent evidence that declines affected especially larger and less mobile species. Declines and changes in species traits also occurred in strictly protected old-growth beech forests. Among environmental predictors, landscape composition explained local variability in biomass declines best with stronger decline at forest sites with less forest area in their vicinity.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal large-scale declines in forest carabids in the context of recent droughts and highlight the exceptional role of landscape composition in this regard. Future insect conservation strategies need to incorporate the landscape context and potential exposure to extreme weather
Correction: Biosphere Reserves as model regions for transdisciplinarity? A literature review
No full textThe role of traditional ecological knowledge, given the transformation of pastoralism in Central and Eastern Mongolia
No full textAbstract
Mongolian nomadic herders traditionally pass on ecological knowledge intergenerationally, mainly within families. However, little is known about how current societal transformation processes may impact the application and transfer of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) amongst herders. Combining quantitative household survey data with qualitative interviews, we show that TEK is still widely applied amongst herders. Our data show that households living under conditions of greater societal transformation apply TEK more often in order to adapt to the situation than households under lower transformation pressure. High transformation pressure goes along with high human population and livestock density and thus competition for good pastureland. In addition, our results show that intragenerational knowledge transfer between families is gaining more importance nowadays. For Mongolia, we recommend facilitating access to and strengthening the exchange of TEK to prepare herders for the future due to the high level of uncertainty accompanying societal transformations
Mapping roadless areas in regions with contrasting human footprint
No full textAbstract
In an increasingly human- and road-dominated world, the preservation of functional ecosystems has become highly relevant. While the negative ecological impacts of roads on ecosystems are numerous and well documented, roadless areas have been proposed as proxy for functional ecosystems. However, their potential remains underexplored, partly due to the incomplete mapping of roads. We assessed the accuracy of roadless areas identification using freely available road-data in two regions with contrasting levels of anthropogenic influence: boreal Canada and temperate Central Europe (Poland, Slovakia, Czechia, and Hungary). Within randomly selected circular plots (per region and country), we visually examined the completeness of road mapping using OpenStreetMap 2020 and assessed whether human influences affect mapping quality using four variables. In boreal Canada, roads were completely mapped in 3% of the plots, compared to 40% in Central Europe. Lower Human Footprint Index and road density values were related to greater incompleteness in road mapping. Roadless areas, defined as areas at least 1 km away from any road, covered 85% of the surface in boreal Canada (mean size ± s.d. = 272 ± 12,197 km 2 ), compared to only 0.4% in temperate Central Europe (mean size ± s.d. = 0.6 ± 3.1 km 2 ). By visually interpreting and manually adding unmapped roads in 30 randomly selected roadless areas from each study country, we observed a similar reduction in roadless surface in both Canada and Central Europe (27% vs 28%) when all roads were included. This study highlights the urgent need for improved road mapping techniques to support research on roadless areas as conservation targets and surrogates of functional ecosystems
Assessment of the surface forest fuel load in the Ukrainian Polissia
No full textAbstract
Background
There is a clearly increasing trend of wildfires that become catastrophic in some countries such as the United States, Australia, Russia, Portugal, Greece, and Spain. Fuel is one of the key components that influences fire behavior and its effects. Assessing the fuel load and distribution of its components in the landscape provides effective fire management treatments in terms of fire prevention campaigns on a scientific basis. This study aims to evaluate the litter, duff, and herb fuels in highly flammable coniferous forest types in Ukrainian Polissia. To estimate relationships between forestry variables that reflect the characteristics of the pine stand (DBH, height of the stand, age, relative density, stock of the plantation etc.) and the load of litter, duff, and herb fuels (CWD, FWD, litter, live grass, etc.), correlation analysis was used. To analyze difference between groups of sampling plots that have different forests, we use generalized linear mixed models including random effects of sampling plot type. Cluster analysis was performed using k-means partitioning method and Calinski-Harabasz criterion. To assess the significance of individual variables on which the variation of forest fuel depends, the random forest algorithm was used; for variable selection, we used two parameters: the percent increase in mean squared error and the Gini impurity index.
Results
The research revealed that in the pine forest stands, the stock of litter and duff varies from 15.5 (15 years) to 140 ton/ha (139 years). When modeling, the humidity level of the forest site (soil) significantly affects the dynamics of forest fuel accumulation. In fresh types of forest-growing conditions, the forest litter stock increases to the age of 80–90 years; then, it strongly decreases, while in wet forest types, continuous forest fuel stock accumulation is established during the entire growth period. Moreover, the results showed that the forest fuel load was influenced by the soil fertility. The stock of live and dead herbaceous fuel in fresh and wet conditions is not statistically different, and soil moisture has not had a significant impact. Fine woody debris stocks were more dependent on stand productivity and practically does not depend on the soil fertility index, site moisture content, and its age and ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 t/ha (1 h), from 0.1 to 2.2 t/ha (10 h), and from 0 to 1.6 t/ha (100 h).
Conclusions
The obtained results enabled to develop mathematical models for estimating litter and duff stocks in the Polissia forest stands based on stand characteristic and the soil humidity level. Moreover, the results will serve as basis to develop local forest fuel models as well as to determine potential fire hazards and a fire behavior modeling process in coniferous forests of that region. These models constitute the basis for the national set of fuel model development for each nature zone of Ukraine.Resumen
Antecedentes
Existe una tendencia creciente de incendios que se transforman en catastróficos en algunos países como los Estados Unidos, Australia, Rusia, Portugal, Grecia y España. El combustible vegetal es uno de los componentes clave que influencian el comportamiento del fuego y sus efectos. Determinar la carga y distribución de sus componentes en el paisaje provee de elementos para tratamientos efectivos de manejo en términos de campañas de prevención basadas en datos científicos. Este estudio busca evaluar los combustibles como la broza (i.e.litter), el mantillo (i.e. duff) y las hierbas en tipos de bosques de coníferas en Polesia, Ucrania. Para estimar las relaciones entre variables forestales que reflejen las características de un rodal de pinos (diámetro a la altura del pecho, altura del rodal, edad, densidad relativa, stock de la plantación, etc.), y la carga de broza, de mantillo (CWD, FWD, broza, pastos vivos, etc.), se usó análisis de correlación. Para analizar las diferencias entre los grupos de parcelas de muestreo que tenían diferente uso forestal, se usaron modelos mixtos generalizados incluyendo efectos del azar en cada tipo de parcela de muestreo. Se realizó un análisis de Clusters usando el método de particionamiento de las K-medias y el criterio de Calinski-Harabasz. Para determinar la significancia de las variables individuales sobre las cuales depende la variación de los combustibles forestales, se usó el algoritmo de bosque al azar (Random Forest algorithm), y para la selección de variables fueron usados dos parámetros: el porcentaje de incremento en el error cuadrático medio y el índice de impuridad de Gini.
Resultados
La investigación reveló que en los rodales de pino el stock de broza y mantillo varió de 15,5 (en 15 años) a 140 ton/ha (139 años). Al realizar la modelación, el nivel de humedad del sitio forestal (suelo) afecta significativamente la dinámica de la acumulación de los combustibles. En condiciones de crecimiento del bosque con suelos más bien secos, el stock de broza se incrementa hasta una edad de 80–90 años, y luego disminuye drásticamente, mientras que, en sitios forestales húmedos, la acumulación continua de combustibles perdura por todo el período de crecimiento. Además, los resultados muestran que la carga de combustibles está influenciada por la fertilidad del suelo. El stock del combustible herbáceo vivo y muerto en condiciones de suelo secas o húmedas no fue estadísticamente diferente, y la humedad del suelo no tuvo un impacto significativo. Los restos de troncos finos fueron más dependientes de la productividad de los rodales sin depender prácticamente del índice de la fertilidad del suelo, de la humedad del sitio, o de su edad, oscilando en rangos entre 0,4–1,9 ton/ha (1 h); 0,1–2,2 ton/ha (10 h); 0–1,6 ton/ha (100 h).
Conclusiones
Los resultados obtenidos permitieron desarrollar modelos matemáticos para estimar los stocks de broza y mantillo en rodales de los bosques de Polesia basados en las características de los rodales y el nivel de humedad del suelo. Además, los resultados servirán de base para desarrollar modelos de combustibles locales y también determinar el peligro potencial y el proceso de modelado del comportamiento del fuego en bosques de coníferas de la región. Estos modelos constituyen la base del conjunto nacional para el desarrollo de modelos de combustibles para cada zona natural de Ucrania