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小学校音楽科における読譜指導の実態―音の名前と五線譜上での位置を中心に―【教育学研究科高度教職実践専攻(教職大学院) 課題解決研究要旨】
Get PDF滋賀大学大学院教育学研究科高度教職実践専攻授業実践力開発コース 令和6年度修了 課題解決研究要旨research repor
キュウセイ カンリツ コウトウ ショウギョウ ガッコウ ノ シナカ トウアカ ガ メザシタ チイキ ガッカ カテイ ノ ヘンセン ヒカク ト ヒコネ コウトウ ショウギョウ ガッコウセイ ノ シンロ ツイセキ カラ
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Structure and Operational Status of the Fund-Grant System
Get PDFThe Financial Functions Strengthening Act was amended in May 2021, and the “Fund- Grant System” was established in July. The System is intended to contribute to encourage strengthening the managerial base as fundamental business restructuring by regional financial institutions, and to facilitate their sound and efficient management of businesses and regional economic revitalization.
This paper aims to systematically organize the framework of the System from nine perspectives, including practical aspects of its operation.
First, the System was established as a newly added framework distinct from the public capital injection system.
Second, the timeline assumed by the System differs from that assumed by traditional public capital injection system.
Third, the System targets measures to strengthen managerial base to maintain the provision of fundamental financial services.
Fourth, the effectiveness of the System is ensured through monitoring of an Action Plan’s progress by the competent minister.
Fifth, fund grants are conducted based on the conclusion of fund grant agreements between DICJ and regional financial institutions.
Sixth, the financial resources for fund grants are secured up to a maximum of 35 billion yen from the retained earnings of the Financial Function Strengthening Account of DICJ.
Seventh, the eligible expenses for the grants are strictly limited to those related to strengthening the managerial base, specifically: (i) information systems, (ii) branches and offices, (iii) products and services, and (iv) mergers and business integrations.
Eighth, the maximum grant amount is set at one-third of the total eligible expenses (up to a ceiling of 3 billion yen).
Ninth, fund grants are provided twice a year, following the DICJ’s review of the expenses and certification of the grant amount.departmental bulletin pape
SMEs (Mittelstand) and the SME Policy in Postwar West Germany and Their Significance in Consideration of the Competitive Order as well as Structural and Regional Policies (Part 2)
Get PDFThe second part of this paper analyses the conditions and the development of SMEs in postwar West Germany mainly based on three reports on SMEs which the Federal Ministry of Economics submitted to the Federal Parliament three times, in 1960, 1963 and 1968 respectively on response to debates not only on the definition and actual situations of SMEs but also on the support measures for SMEs between the governmental coalition CDU/CSU and the opposition SPD particularly in the first half of the 1960s. Thus the reports investigated the outline of businesses and personnels, sales and profits as well as capital and investment of SMEs in detail.
The craft industries as well as small and medium- sized manufacturers were splitting into three business categories in the era of economic growth: contraction, concentration and expansion. In the first category, contracting businesses in the industries such as textile manufacture and tailoring saw decreasing sales because of competition with big businesses or dwindling demand. In the second category, the number of businesses was decreasing, but that of personnel was increasing such as the industries like construction and building. And in the third category, businesses developed with the pace of economic growth in two ways. The traditional crafts such as blacksmiths and metalworkers changed their businesses into subcontractors for big businesses on the one hand, and newly appeared engineers for repair and maintenance of electrics and cars could get jobs in the market on the other hand.
Retailers and wholesalers experienced a structural change or a selection process in the 1960s. While many traditional specialty retailers were forced to close their shops because of intensive competition with department stores and/or supermarkets, which extended the floor space of their shops, other small retailers tried to keep in close cooperation with each other.
Although SMEs were damaged in the recession years of 1966–67, many managers quickly moved and adapted their business to the market change, partly because the government took economic measures to boost demand twice for regional SMEs, as the Federal Ministry of Economics describes in their report of 1968.
As a result of more than 10 years of arguments, investigations and measures regarding SMEs, the Federal Government issued the Principles of SMEs’ Structural Policy in 1970, which was the arrival point and at the same time the starting point for West Germany’s SMEs policy thereafter.departmental bulletin pape
