Still Scholarworks (A.T. Still University)
Not a member yet
2228 research outputs found
Sort by
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Pediatric Patients With Sport-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review
No full textDespite a call to incorporate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into all aspects of health care, little is known about which instruments are best suited for a pediatric patient population with sport-related injury. The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review of the currently available evidence to determine which PROMs were used for pediatric patients with sport-related injuries and identify the associated psychometric properties and considerations for clinical utility. We conducted a literature search for articles on PROMs used in the pediatric population through electronic databases and a manual search of reference lists and authors between from inception to 2020. Articles were grouped based on the PROM(s) included, and considerations for clinical utility and psychometric properties were extracted from each article. Thirty-nine articles were included in this review, from which 22 PROMs were identified: 12 PROMs were developed specifically for the pediatric population, 4 were modified versions of an adult scale, and 6 were adult measures used in a pediatric population. Of the PROMs included in this review, the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were the most comprehensive in their development and assessment. Several outcome measures used for pediatric patients had missing or inadequate measurement properties and considerations for clinical utility, particularly in regard to readability, responsiveness, and interpretability. Clinicians and researchers should consider a measure’s feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and psychometric properties when selecting a PROM for use with the pediatric population
Peer-reviewed Nutrition-Affiliated Journals from Sub-Saharan Africa: A Regional Snapshot
No full textBackground. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries face the multipart burden of nutrition-related disease characterized by a high incidence of undernutrition, overweight, obesity, and associated non-communicable disease. Local and regional research to support a robust public health response is necessary. No evaluation of the availability and scope of nutrition-related journals within SSA has been published. Methods. An electronic search for peer-reviewed journals was conducted using seven publicly accessible databases. Results. Ten journals were identified including journals from Kenya (4 journals), Nigeria (3 journals), South Africa (2 journals), and Ghana (1 journal) with eight journals in active production. All actively publishing journals are available only as English publications. Conclusion. An increased focus on evidence-based research through local and regional journal publications is necessary to develop and maintain public health nutrition programs. Active journals related to nutrition and food sciences are very limited in this comparatively large area and require more support at local, regional, and legislative levels
Characterizing athletic healthcare: A perspective on methodological challenges, lessons learned, and paths forward
No full textRecently, there has been an emphasis on collecting large datasets in the field of sports medicine. While there have been great advances in areas of sport performance and sport epidemiology, there have been fewer efforts dedicated to understanding the effectiveness and impact of athletic healthcare, including injury prevention programs and rehabilitation interventions provided at the point-of-care. In 2009, the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network (AT-PBRN) was launched to address this need, with the mission of improving the quality of care provided by athletic trainers. Unlike other research efforts in sports and medicine, such as sport epidemiology, there are fewer methodological best practices specifically related to clinical data in athletic healthcare. As a result, the AT-PBRN has encountered several methodological challenges during its tenure and has established guidelines based on various sources within the fields of sports and medicine to address these challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this perspective is to identify the challenges and describe strategies to address these challenges related to characterizing athletic healthcare using a large database. Specifically, challenges related to data entry (data quality and reliability) and data extraction and processing (data variability and missing data) will be discussed. Sharing challenges and perspectives on solutions for collecting and reporting on athletic healthcare data may facilitate a greater consistency in the approach used to collect, analyze, and report on clinical data in athletic healthcare, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and the quality of care provided by athletic trainers
Effectiveness of an interactive training software on the accuracy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection at a preclinical level (pilot study)
No full text
Treatment effects after maxillary total arch distalization using a modified C-palatal plate in patients with Class II malocclusion with sinus pneumatization
No full textIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment effects after molar distalization using modified C-palatal plates in patients with Class II malocclusion with maxillary sinus pneumatization. Methods: This study consisted of 70 lateral cephalograms derived from cone-beam computerized tomography images of 35 patients with Class II malocclusion (mean age 22.3 ± 7.4 years) who had undergone bilateral total arch distalization of the maxillary dentition using modified C-palatal plates. The samples were divided into 2 groups according to sinus pneumatization; group 1 (n = 40), cephalograms with sinus pneumatization and group 2 (n = 30) cephalograms without sinus pneumatization. Paired t tests and independent-sample t tests were used to compare the changes in each group and between groups. Results: The distal movement of the maxillary first molars was 4.3 mm for group 1 and 3.5 mm for group 2, with the intrusion of 1.4 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Group 1 showed 3.5° of distal tipping of the maxillary second molars, which was significantly greater than the 0.2° in group 2 (P \u3c0.05). The total treatment period, including distalization, was 2.2 years for group 1 and 1.9 years for group 2, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the amount of distal movement and intrusion of the maxillary first molars between groups 1 and 2. Therefore, these results suggest that regardless of sinus pneumatization, molar distalization using temporary skeletal anchorage devices in Class II patients can be performed as a nonextraction treatment
Can probiotics stop oral cancer progression?
No full textData sources Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PLOS) were queried to identify studies that investigated the effects of probiotics against oral cancer, published in the English language between January 2015 and February 2020. Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCT) including in vivo and in vitro studies that evaluated the effects of probiotics against oral cancer were included. Data extraction and synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was done independently by four authors with disagreements resolved by mutual discussion. Individual studies\u27 year, author, country, as well as strain of probiotics, type of sample, mechanisms of probiotics and outcomes, were analysed by two authors. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools (Checklist for Randomised Controlled Trial) by three authors. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager software, Version 5.3 and results were reported in odds ratio. Inconsistency test (I2) was used to examine the heterogeneity between studies. Results From an initial 774 articles, only five met the study eligibility criteria to be included in this review. Two studies used in vivo animal models and three studies conducted in vitro experiments using cancer and normal cell lines. There were no studies on humans. Four probiotics were reported to inhibit oral carcinogenesis; namely, Acetobacter syzygii (A. syzygii), Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) Ren and AJ2 (combination of Streptococcus thermophiles, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus). Two studies that used L. salivarius Ren were combined quantitatively in a meta-analysis which showed 95% reduction of risk in oral cancer development (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.23; p \u3c0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of in vivo (animal) and in vitro (cell lines) studies, the authors concluded that the probiotics analysed in this review, especially L. salivarius Ren, seem to play a role in oral cancer inhibition
Informed Consent for Two-Phase Orthodontic Treatment
No full textThe need for Phase II orthodontic treatment following Phase I should come as no surprise to a patient or family. Simply stated in nontechnical terms, this is a “half now, half later” approach that can offer significant benefits in some cases. Costs for both Phase I and estimated Phase II treatment should be given at the initial exam, because an up-front understanding and consent can ensure a seamless transition into Phase II for both the orthodontist and the patient’s family. The sample consent form provided by this month’s authors is an excellent document that can be used by any orthodontist when presenting a two-phase option. In addition, it is extremely important to give a verbal reminder at each appointment that Phase II is approaching. Keeping the agreement top of mind will help avoid any later surprises
Space Closure for Congenitally Missing Lower Second Premolars Using Temporary Anchorage Devices
No full textLower second premolars are the most common congenitally missing teeth next to third molars, with a prevalence of 2.5-5% in the United States and Europe.1 A reliable diagnosis usually requires waiting until the patient is at least 9 years old to confirm whether the permanent teeth are absent.2,3 This case series highlights the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for orthodontic space closure