NIKU publikasjoner (Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning)
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Archaeological Surveying of Subarctic and Arctic Landscapes: Comparing the Performance of Airborne Laser Scanning and Remote Sensing Image Data
Get PDFWhat can remote sensing contribute to archaeological surveying in subarctic and arctic landscapes? The pros and cons of remote sensing data vary as do areas of utilization and methodological ap-proaches. We assessed the applicability of remote sensing for archaeological surveying of northern landscapes using airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) and satellite and aerial images to map archae-ological features as a basis for a) assessing the pros and cons of the different approaches and b) assessing the potential detection rate of remote sensing. Interpretation of images and a LiDAR-based bare-earth digital terrain model (DTM) was based on visual analyses aided by processing and visualizing techniques. 368 features were identified in the aerial images, 437 in the satellite images and 1186 in the DTM. LiDAR yielded the better result, especially for hunting pits. Image data proved suitable for dwellings and settlement sites. Feature characteristics proved a key factor for detectability, both in LiDAR and image data. This study has shown that LiDAR and remote sensing image data are highly applicable for archaeological surveying in northern landscapes. It showed that a multi-sensor approach contributes to high detection rates. Our results have improved the inventory of archaeological sites in a non-destructive and minimally invasive manner.publishedVersio
Engagement, Sustainability and Diversity: examining recent heritage policy in Norway
Get PDFThis article discusses recent Norwegian heritage policy and examines the three key terms of the most recent white paper – participation, sustainability and diversity – in light of the Norwegian government's key societal challenge of democratisation.publishedVersio
A roadmap for making a salvage plan. Valuing and prioritising heritage objects
Get PDFOne of many measures to prevent or at least mitigate damage to cultural heritage sites is to make a salvage plan for items with heritage value. Several guides and manuals have been written for museums to help in the work of ascribing values to their collections. A review of international work on emergency response planning, salvaging of items and detailed information on preventive work shows that only two guidelines mention how to prioritise heritage items when making a salvage plan. This article combines relevant guides and manuals with experiences from projects undertaken in Norwegian churches. It presents a roadmap that can be used by non-professionals in their work on salvage plans. The roadmap contains all steps from preparation and background work, to relevant discussions and assessment of heritage items, in combination with the definition of salvage needs and of the vulnerability of the valuated items. By including when and how to involve the needed experts, this article offers a tool that fills a gap for the management and the owners of cultural historical buildings.publishedVersio
Skolten & Koengen, Bergen, 2019-20: Arkeologisk overvåking av gravearbeider.
Get PDFProsjekt 1021523: 2019 foretok arkeologer fra NIKU distriktskontor Bergen overvåking av gravearbeider i forbindelse med BKK Nett AS sin oppgradering av høyspentkabler fra Koengen sekundærstasjon til Skoltegrunnskaien for etablering av landstrøm til cruiseskip. Gravearbeidet foregikk for det aller meste i eksisterende grøftetraséer og medførte ikke konflikt med automatisk fredete kulturminner. Prosjekt 1021654: i november 2019 og februar 2020 foretok en arkeolog fra NIKU distriktskontor Bergen undersøkelse av to prøvehull samt overvåking av graving for utskifting av vannledning på Koengen, Bergenhus festningsområde. Grøften var omtrent 100 meter lang og opptil 2,4 meter dyp. Det ble ikke funnet intakte automatisk fredete kulturminner.publishedVersio
The Relative Importance of “Cooperative Context” and Kinship in Structuring Cooperative Behavior: A Comparative Study of Saami Reindeer Herders
Get PDFKin relations have a strong theoretical and empirical basis for explaining cooperative behavior. Nevertheless, there is growing recognition that context—the cooperative environment of an individual—also shapes the willingness of individuals to cooperate. For nomadic pastoralists in Norway, cooperation among both kin and non-kin is an essential predictor for success. The northern parts of the country are characterized by a history of herder-herder competition exacerbating between-herder conflict, lack of trust, and subsequent coordination problems. In contrast, because of a history of herder-farmer competition, southern Norway is characterized by high levels of between-herder coordination and trust. This comparative study investigates the relative importance of “cooperative context” and kinship in structuring cooperative behavior using an experimental gift game. The main findings from this study were that in the South, a high level of cooperation around an individual pushes gifts to be distributed evenly among other herders. Nevertheless, kinship matters, since close kin give and receive larger gifts. In contrast, kinship seems to be the main factor affecting gift distribution in the North. Herders in the North are also concerned with distributing gifts equally, albeit limiting them to close kin: the level of intragroup cooperation drives gifts to be distributed evenly among other closely related herders. The observed regional contrasts in cooperative decisions fit with the different historical levels of conflict and trust in the two regions: whereas herders in the South are affected by both cooperative context and kinship, kinship seems to be the main determinant of cooperation in the North.publishedVersio
TA2016/12 Tordenskioldparken, Trondheim. Arkeologisk undersøkelse i forbindelse med etablering av minnested.
Get PDFI forbindelse med etablering av et permanent minnested i Tordenskioldparken ble det foretatt arkeologisk overvåking av graving av grøfter og hull. Det var forventet at tiltakene ville berøre gravmateriale fra Vår Frues etterreformatoriske kirkegård. Kirkegårdsmasser og løse menneskebein ble påvist i flere av grøftene, samt enkelte intakte graver. Under det pågående arbeidet viste det seg at tiltaket kom i konflikt med automatisk fredete kulturminner, og en arkeologisk utgravning av deler av området ble nødvendig. Ved utgravningen ble det påvist flere områder med trebrolegning, trolig fra 1600-tallet. Trebrolegning kan muligens knyttes til bebyggelsen ved Langstretet. I den nordligste delen av området hvor det ble gravd dypest ble det påvist kulturlag som antagelig er fra middelalderen.publishedVersio
Gierløw Meyers gate,Tønsberg - graving for etablering av nytt gatedekke og søppelsug.
Get PDFI forbindelse med etablering av et nytt nedkast for søppel, utskifting av VA-ledninger og masseutskifting for oppbygging av nytt veidekke i Gierløw Meyers gate, ble tiltaket overvåket. Det ble gravd fra krysset Nedre Langgate/Gierløw Meyers gate, til krysset Storgaten/Gierløw Meyers gate. Tiltaksområdet i krysset Nedre Langgate/Gierløw Meyers gate var omrotet av moderne nedgravninger, ledninger, rør og kummer. Likevel ble det avdekket enkelte middelalderske kulturlag og strukturer. Kulturlagene ble tolket å være avfallslag og ble avdekket mellom ca. 1 og 1,5 m under topp asfalt. Det ble hovedsakelig gravd i en eksisterende vann- og avløpsgrøft, og det ble gravd ned i en dybde på 1,3 og 1,5 m. I profilen ble det observert flere kulturlag og strukturer fra ca. 0,75 m under topp dekke, der majoriteten kunne dateres til middelalderen. Kulturlagene ble observert i store deler av grøften, spesielt i VNV-siden. ØSØ-siden var ofte forstyrret av andre moderne nedgravninger. Kulturlagene som ble avdekket ble tolket hovedsakelig å være avfallslag eller utjevningslag. Det ble observert en del treverk, og majoriteten kunne tilknyttes bygningsrester og et mulig veifar.publishedVersio
