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EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL EXTENDERS IN CRYOPRESERVING SEMEN OF LOCAL INDONESIAN RAMS
No full textIndonesian local sheep represent a particular species of sheep reared by farmers on small-scale farms. Semen freezing can be performed using either a homemade or commercial extender. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of several commercial extenders in freezing Indonesian local sheep. Semen was collected from three mature and healthy rams using an artificial vagina and evaluated. It was determined that only samples exhibiting sperm motility levels of greater than 70% would be included in the study. Subsequently, the semen from each ram was divided into three portions and diluted with Andromed, Sterydil, and OptiXcell, respectively. The frozen semen was then evaluated 24 hours post-freezing. The thawing process was conducted individually at 37°C for 30 seconds. The evaluation encompassed a range of metrics, including sperm motility, viability, and the presence of any abnormalities, in addition to the recovery rate. The results indicated that sperm frozen in Optixcell and Sterydil extenders exhibited superior motility, viability, and recovery rate than Andromed. The study also demonstrated no interaction between individual Ram and extender, and no differences were found between individuals. The study concluded that Optixcell and Sterydil extenders effectively froze Indonesian local sheep semen
ANALYSIS OF THE RATIONALITY OF ANTIPLATELET USE IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS AT “X” HOSPITAL, SEMARANG CITY
No full textIschemic stroke accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke cases and remains a major global health problem. Antiplatelet agents are key for secondary prevention, but irrational use may reduce effectiveness and increase bleeding risk. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the rationality of antiplatelet use in ischemic stroke patients at “X” Hospital, Semarang City, from January to July 2024. Patients aged ≥26 years with complete medical records were included. Rationality was assessed based on PNPK Stroke Guidelines (2019), AHA/ASA Guidelines (2021), and AHFS Drug Information (2024) using three indicators: appropriate drug, dose, and patient. A total of 111 patients (113 cases) met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (58.56%) and aged >65 years (36.04%), with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia as common comorbidities. Aspirin was the most used monotherapy (38.05%), and aspirin–clopidogrel the most frequent combination (37.17%). Drug selection accuracy was high (96.46%), while dose accuracy was low (44.25%). Antiplatelet use at “X” Hospital demonstrated rational drug selection but suboptimal dosing. Improved adherence to dosing guidelines and periodic prescription review are needed to enhance patient safety and treatment outcomes
UNVEILING THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF KEMUNING LEAVES (Murraya paniculata L. Jack): AN IN-SILICO EXPLORATION OF DPP-4 INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health issue associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Murraya paniculata L. Jack (kemuning) has shown antidiabetic potential, yet its role as a DPP-4 inhibitor remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential of kemuning leaf bioactive compounds as natural DPP-4 inhibitors through an in-silico approach. Compound structures were obtained from the PubChem database and analyzed using AutoDock Vina for molecular docking against the DPP-4 protein. Pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and drug-likeness were evaluated using pkCSM and SwissADME, while complex stability was assessed through molecular dynamics simulation (RMSF). The results showed that most compounds demonstrated favorable binding affinities (−6.8 to −7.9 kcal/mol), along with acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. Among the tested compounds, 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid emerged as the most promising candidate for natural DPP-4 inhibition
