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KEMUNGKINAN PEMANFAATAN BEBERAPA JENIS BAMBU TERTENTU, BERDASARKAN POLA PENYUSUNAN BERKAS PEMBULUH, SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PULP DAN KERTAS
No full textThe abundant availability of bamboos in Indonesia bas prompted their possible uses as raw material for pulp and paper. This is expected to replace its corresponding conventional raw materials (i.e. woods), which nowadays tend to be dwindling, scarce, and limited. In relevant, this research aims to assess the suitability of bamboo stem for such comprision several species. The grouping of bamboo species brought out the results,i.e. Arundinaria hundsii and Arundinaria javonica as pattern 1; Cephalostachyum pergracile and Melocanna baccifera as pattern 2; Dendrocalamus strictus and Dendrocalamus giganteus as pattern 3; and Dendrocalamus asper and Gigantochloa apus as patterns 3 and 4). In assessing the bamboo suitability for pulp and paper, an approach was taken whereby the bamboo species in the particular pattern was examined of fiber dimensions (i.e. fiber length, fiber flexibility, rigidity coefficient, Runkel ratio, and Mubistep ratio). To evaluate whether there were significant differences in the examination/ determination results among those 4 patterns, the analysis of variances (probability levels) with completely standardized one-factor design was employed followed with the different range test of the resulting means (Le. Tuckey procedures). The factor was those four bamboo patterns.
Results revealed that each of those four patterns based on fiber length and felting power belonged to class I, indicating as the most favourable for pulp and paper. Meanwhile, other scrutiny based on fiber flexibility, rifidity coefficient, Runkel ratio, and Mublstep ratio turnd out that all the patterns belonged to class M. Further, bamboo species catagoried as pattern I exchibited species characters such as affording the bigbest fiber flessibility and lowest rigidity coefficient as well as runkel ratio compared to those of the alber patterns. Meanwhile, bamboo species in pattern 4 exhibited the bigbest fiber length and felting power. Ultimately, assessment on the overall fiber dimensions and their derived values came about that all the four bamboo pattern belonged to class III, as indicative qualities of the resulting pulp and paper However, to make sure whether such indication proved true, further in-depth research on the pulp and paper processing from those entire bamboos (pattern 1 until 4) deserves carrying out
KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL KAYU KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) DAN BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus Kurz) DENGAN PEREKAT LIKUIDA KAYU
No full textAs an effort to utilize rubber wood waste and the abundant resource of tali bamboo a study of producing particle board using a mix of the two materials was conducted. In addition, in order to find an alternative to synthetic adbesive, natural adhesive of wood liquid was used. This research was conducted in a 3 x 3 factorial analisys in acomplete randomized block design with two replicates. The factors studied were the type of particles (rubber, bambino rope and mixtures with a ratio of 50:50 by oven dry weight) and levels of adhesive (10%, 15% and 20%. Results show that wood liquids adhesive is characterised with pH <1, riscosity 2,03 poise, solid content 91%, gelatin time (90) 9 min 48 sec, specific gravity 1,153 and having black colour. The characteristics do not fulfil requirement of SNI 06-0121-1987 for phenol adhesive. The producced particle board has a density of 0,83 g/cm², moisture content 6,9%, thickness swelling 19%, water adsorbtion 28%, MOE 10540 kgf/cmỉ, MOR 258 kgf/cm², and Internal Bond (IB) 2,2 kgf/cm². The characteristics also do not fulfill the requirement ofSNI 03-2105-1996for medium density particleboard. Further research is still needed to meet the SNI requirements
SAWING RECOVERY OF SEVERAL SAWMILLS IN JEPARA
No full textIn the situation of wood material shortage, it is important to furniture manufacturers to efficiently utilize the wood. Increasing efficiency for improving value added of small medium enterprises of wood furniture industries in Jepara should be carried out from the first stage in wood processing: sawing that will convert logs into sawn timber.
A study has been carried out on improving sawing recovery of sawntimber by live-sawing pattern to make loseware lumber for furniture material in Jepara region. This study was done by investigating the current sawing recovery data as determined during one full day's processing at each of the four bandsaw mill facilities and one chainsaw/carving facility.
The results indicate that the current recovery rate of sawmilling services companies in Jepara reached 70-80%. These recoveries are relatively high due to the live sawing pattern used and the fact that sawn boards were not edged or resawn into square pieces at the mill. Compared to existing rules and the Government standard for calculating the recovery rate, sawmilling service companies in Jepara have practiced efficient processing in sawing
RELIGIOUS MODERATION AND LIVING TOGETHER IN DIVERSITY: A HOLISTIC CONFUCIAN PERSPECTIVE
No full textAs a matter of fact, religion is a complete and comprehensive teaching. Not only discussing the relationship between human being and the Creator, but also the relationship between human being and universe, fellow human, and the real of he/she him/herself. If a man/woman believes that religion only talks about Almighty God, or understands other relationships superficially, he/she can get stuck in the paradigm that the important thing is that he/she has prayed, worshiped Him, has been saved and does not care about other humans. Even more extreme when he/she thinks he/she is the best. This misunderstood is harmful. We truly know the Religious Moderation program was born because there are fears that fanaticism and blind extremism will monopolize the truth. This is of course early needs to be anticipated, especially since Indonesia is very diverse. Implementing this program without targeting all the main points of religious teachings - Divinity, the Natural Environment and everything in it, Humans and Humanity in relation to the Past, Future, Internal Environment, External Factor and the deepest part of the true human self, is not enough to guarantee optimal success. A holistic approach is needed that targets all aspects in a balanced way. This is what must be done in the right portion. Proper. Kongzi said, "What is lacking or excess is not enough. If the Middle Way and Harmony can be implemented, the world peace and prosperous is long lasting value”
BAHASA HAMAP DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTILINGUAL DI ALOR DAN UPAYA PELESTARIANNYA
No full textThis study talks about multilingual communities in the eastern parts of Indonesia, particularly in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. It focuses on Hamap community and its language in the present actual condition in relation to the language existence in Alor which has multi-ethnic with different languages, specifically in Moru, Alor Barat Daya District. At present, the community is surrounded by some other ethnic groups that have their own languages such as Kui, Abui, and Kelon. In addition, the usage of Hamap language is pressed by Alor Malay as lingua franca in the region. It shows that the language is in a certain degree of extinction process called “potentially endangered languageâ€. These are caused by its minority and the language shift which has occurred in the language community of Hamap, especially in the daily life of its young generation. Nowadays, they would rather speak in Alor Malay than in their own ethnic language. Therefore, all attempts both formal and informal have to be done and supported in order to avoid the language from extinction. Keywords: HAMAP, languages, multilingual community, Alor West Nusa Tenggar
AGENDA BESAR PEMBAHASAN PEREMPUAN DAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA
No full textJudul Buku : Citra Perempuan Dalam Islam, Pandangan Ormas Keagamaan Penulis : Jamhari, Ismatu Ropi (eds) Tahun Cetakan : 2003 Penerbit : Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jumlah Halaman : viii + 17
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL AUTONOMY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PROSPECT OF LOCAL DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA
No full textKebijaksanaan desentralisasi seperti yang digariskan dalam Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 adalah suatu pendorong dalam rangka reformasi total dalam segala aspek kehidupan bernegara di dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Reformasi yang dilaksanakan lebih ditekankan untuk melengkapi system administrasi agar ‘Pemerintahan yang baik’ yang menganut nilai-nilai demokrasi, transparansi, kejujuran serta keadilan bagi seluruh penduduk. Pengaruh positif dari reformasi total adalah terjadinya pergeseran paradigma dari pemerintah yang sentralistik ke arah pemerintahan yang desentralistik dengan memberikan kesempatan yang luas kepada daerah dalam menjalankan pemerintahan secara otonomi. Hal itu akan mendorong timbulnya kreativitas dan inisiatif secara local yang didasarkan pada aspirasi masyarakat setempat. Dengan demikian akan mendorong masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dan dengan secara sadar melaksanakan demokratisasi. Karena itu dengan lahirnya UU Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah yang kemudian dilengkapi dengan UU Nomor 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Proporsi Pengaturan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah, telah dianggap sangat penting, karena melalui pelaksanaan kedua undang-undang itu, diharapkan akan membawa perubahan pada pelaksanaan pemerintahan daerah yang mampu meyakini akan terwujudnya kehidupan berdemokrasi. Dan semua itu akan bermuara pada pelayanan yang baik, serta berusaha menuju kemakmuran rakyat secara umum
MEMAKNAI KEMISKINAN: PERAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM MENANGGULANGI LINGKARAN SETAN KEMISKINAN
No full textInitially, the cause of poverty has something to do with the lack of control of economic resources. This then brings about the so-called the “culture of poverty†and lack of capabilities, that is indicated, among other, by dependent and fatalistic attitudes, which in the end tend to reinforce and perpetuate the initial condition, i.e., the lack of control of economic resources. Thus, it is not surprising, then, that the causes and effects of poverty seem to be a vicious circle. Poverty alleviation strategies and programs aim at raising people capabilities and changing the culture of poverty, as implemented by the former New Order regime, have resulted in far below the expectation, only a few of poor people have alleviated from their unfortunate condition. Moreover, as the effect of these strategies and programs, it creates the so-called “relative poverty†which refers to the widening gap and inequality in income distribution and control over (economic) resources among the population. Given these complexities, the structural approach proposes to develop a special institutional arrangement—a body that will tackle the poverty alleviation work—whose strategy is to give the poor a direct access and control over the economic resources. This body shall be made available down to the local level, i.e. municipality and district levels. To get the strategies and programs effective in eradicating poverty, effort to change of the culture of poverty and to raise people capabilities are that of important and, consequently, still have to undertake. Kata kunci: kemiskinan, budaya kemiskinan, lingkaran setan kemiskinan, kelemahan strategi penanggulangan kemiskinan, dan pembangunan kelembagaan penanggulangan kemiskina
POLITIK BAHASA
No full textJudul Buku : Politik Bahasa Penulis : Hasan Alwi dan Dendy Sugono Penerbit : Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Tebal : xvii+246 hlm : 21 c
MINORITAS MUSLIM THAILAND Asimilasi, Perlawanan Budaya dan Akar Gerakan Separatisme
No full textThe aim of this article is to describe Thailand Moslem minority with problem of assimilation, culture resistance and the root of separatist movement. One challenges that facing Thailand multiethnic people and Thai country today is management about diversity of ethnicity development. The characteristic of Thai multiethnic people strive for government attention especially related with crucial problem had been facing; ethnicity conflict and the rise up of communalism, separatism, and problem majority-minority relation. Composition of this problem in fact has related each others. The down fall of Thailand politics integration and obligation to accept Thai monolithic ethnic identity can be seen in anarchy demeanor of Moslem Patani to Thai government and claim for independencies Southern Thailand territorial separates from nation state of Thailand. The impact from integration process in the Thailand state building on Moslem area is create unstable relation between ethnic majority-minority, resources distribution and economics injustice form, the worn out of center government and local government democratic relation, social politics economic and culture polarizes. Stakeholder role like civil society organization (CSO), government, and military failed to take an integration policy program or conflict resolution