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SIFAT ANATOMI, SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PADA KAYU KEMENYAN TOBA (Styrax sumatrana) DAN KEMENYAN BULU (Styrax paralleloneurus)
No full textGum benzoin (Styrax sp.) is a tree producing resins that have bigh economic value originated from North Sumatra Province. The unproductive trees (less resin production) are harvested by the community for firewood. This paper presents characteristics difference of two types of Kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana) and Kemenyan bulu (Styrax paralleloncurus) in anatomical, phisical and mechanical properties in order to use properly. The results showed that kemenyan toba wood and kemenyan bulu are unique anatomical properties. The quality of fiber as a raw material for pulp is categorized into first quality. Based on their spesific gravity, the wood were clasified as medium beavy, with stabile shrinkage. Both wood are suitable for non structural construction, furniture and bandicraft
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA PENGELUARAN LIMBAH PEMANENAN KAYU PADA HUTAN ALAM PEGUNUNGAN: STUDI KASUS DI PT. JATI DHARMA INDAH PLYWOOD INDUSTRIES KABUPATEN NABIRE, PAPUA
No full textAt present, logging activities have implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) technology, but logging waste stilloccurs on average 17%. The logging waste has not been utilized because of the alleged high cost of production due toimproper wood harvesting method. This study aims to obtain data and information on productivity and skidding costsof wood harvesting waste in mountainous natural forest areas. The results showed that the cost of producing woodharvesting waste with the tree-length logging method at ± 2 hm skid distance was Rp 35,693/m3, but when usingthe conventional method is Rp 349,125/m3. The tree-length logging method can not only remove the main wood butalso free from branched wood waste (BBC) and trunk above the branch (BAC) till to landing site but also but it canincrease the efficiency of wood utilization. However, the application of the tree-length logging method resulted in adecrease in logging productivity of 16.47% and skidding of 14.41% at an average skid distance of 3 hm. The averageproductivity of logging in the conventional method is 62.514 m3/hour while the tree length logging method is 52.289m3/hour. The average productivity of skidding tree-length logging method is 17.301 m3/hour but the conventionalmethod is 18.249 m3/hour. For the tree length logging method to be implemented in the field, it is necessary to makechanges in the tariffs for felling and skidding wages following the reduced level of work productivity
PENGARUH ARANG AKTIF DALAM CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL
No full textFormaldebyde emission andpbysical-mechanical properties of particleboard bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) could have negative effects to buman bealth, especially when used in a room with limited ventilation. To reduce formaldebyde emission, anadsorbentcan be applied to raw material as a mixture. This report describes the effect of active charcoal application on formaldehyde emission and physical-mechanical properties of the bonded particleboard.
Results showed that application of active charcoal in particleboard production significant changed the product properties. Active charcoal addition as much as 20% of the particle weight to raw material could reduce formaldebryde emission andincreaseplrysical-mechanical propertiesof particleboard, and meet the Indonesian and Japanese Standards
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LOCAL HONEY FROM EAST KALIMANTAN
No full textMost of the local honey production in East Kalimantan is managed traditionally, thus honeyquality, particularly its physical and chemical properties, are unknown. However, the honey analysisSURYLGHVDFRPSUHKHQVLYHFRPSRVLWLRQSUR¿OHDQGSRWHQWLDOO\JLYHVKLQWVWRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIlocal honey from East Kalimantan. This research aimed to analyse the properties of two local honeyfrom East Kalimantan. The methods used in this study were gravimetric, volumetric, spectroscopy,spectrophotometry, and chromatography. Honey A was produced by Apis cerana whereas Apis dorsataproduced honey B. The color intensities were 560±5.66 and 947.5±27.58 mAu for honey A and B,respectively. Honey A and B a had moisture content of 22.7 and 25.8% w/w, respectively. Otherproximate analysis parameters were also reported. Fructose and glucose content for honey A were30.65±2.35% w/w and 30.08±0.58% w/w, while honey B gave different pattern with fructose at28.06±1.04 and higher glucose instead at 32.74±1.13% w/w. Reducing sugar and total sugar forboth samples were higher than 60% w/w while sucrose in honey A and B were 2.8 and 1.4% w/wrespectively, thus indicating no adulteration. Vitamin C content measurement showed negligibleresult with total phenolic content of honey A was lower than honey B. Honey B had higher Na,Ca, Fe and Zn than those of honey A. This study reported thorough chemical composition of localKRQH\V IURP (DVW .DOLPDQWDQ LQ ZKLFK VRPH FRXOG KDYH VLJQL¿FDQW QXWULWLRQDO YDOXH +RZHYHUquality improvement particularly on moisture and reducing sugar content is necessary to meetIndonesian National Standard 8664:2018
BIAYA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TREE LENGTH LOGGING DI HUTAN ALAM PRODUKSI
No full textThis study examined cost and productivity of tree length logging system in natural production forest. The study was conducted in several forest concession in Kalimantan. The results showed that the sytem is capable to extract the clearbole part as main production log and the wasted log above the first branch into the landing point. Skidding productivityof tree length syistem in PT Gunung Gajah Abadi 6,25 m³/jam/hm, PT Narkata Rimba 15,54 m /br/bm, PT Balikpapan Forest Industries 16,67 m³/br/bm, PT Jatitrin Co Ltd 20,76 m³ /br/hm, PT Dwima Jaya Utama 36,69 m³/hr/bm dan PT Kayu Tribuana Rama 21,67 m³/hr/bm.
The average cost of tree length logging system in PT Gunung Gajab Abadi is Rp 84.817,92/m³, PT Narkata Rimba Rp 33.636,55/ m', PT Balikpapan Forest Industries Rp 31,800,34/m³, PT Jatitrin Co Ltd Rp. 25.535,26/ m³, PT Dmimajaya Utama Rp 14.155,19/ m³ and PT Kayn Tribuana Rama Rp. 25.207,41/m³
BEBERAPA SIFAT DASAR DAN KEGUNAAN TIGA JENIS KAYU KURANG DIKENAL ASAL HUTAN ALAM SULAWESI
No full textThis research was carried out to cocamine hatic wood properties (anatomical structure, physical and mechanical properties and machining aspect of three lesser-known species from natural forest in Sulawesi ie. sama-sama (Ponteria firma Bachni), palade (Aglaia sp.) and kumsa batu (Manilkaru merrilliana H.J.L.). Appropirate pood utulization war determined by considering their basic properties and uses which the locally community bave currently end
Results revealed that sama-sama beartwood is dark brown to black with irregular black lines bandi; rather fine texture and glasry surface; rather beary; moderate in dimenzional shrinkage; strenght class IV-III; good grade for machinery, fiber grade is good for pulp/paper manufacture; probable utilization are for light construction material in bouse building and certain ship omponents, peeling venter, glulam, pallet, pulp and paper. Palado beartwood is light brown to grayish brown colour, straight grain; rather fine tecture; rather beavy; moderate in dimensional shrinkage; strenght class III; good grade in machinery, fiber grade is good for pulp/paper manufacture; probable utilization are for light construction material in hours building and certain ship components, cheap furniture, moulding, glaulam, peeling veneer, bandicraft, pulp and paper. Kumna batu beartwood is reddish brown colour, greath rings diffuse and sometimes appeared clear with figures of decurative surface as parallel lines on radial section; grain straight; toctare fine and glosty zarface; remarkably beary, high in dimensional shrinkage; strenght class 11; very good grade in machinery: fiber grade is poor for palp/paper manafactureprobable utilization are for beary construction material in bowse and ship building, vehicular(track bodypower line poles, furniture, moulding, slicing veneer, tool bandies, handicraft and charcoal
KEMUNGKINAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIOKSIDAN GUNA MEMPERTINGGI KETAHANAN OKSIDASI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.)
No full textThe excperiment has been done to look into the utilization of Jatropa curcas oil for biodiesel as the alternative of the fossil-based diesel oil through the estrans (esterification and transesterification) process and the use of antiocidants. The estrans process brought about favorable changes in the oil characteristicus (eg, the decreases in density, viscosity, acid number, and iod number), thereby enhancing its performance as biodiesel.
Three kinds of antioxidants were used (i.e. TBHQ, BHT, and Formula X), each with varying concentrations (0.03- 0.10%), and storage duration were imposed from the first until fourth week. The examined responses comprised of peroxide number, acid number, and kinematic viscosity. Reaching the fourth week, however, the wcidation process still
occurred to the biodiesel oil despite using antioxidants (slight increases in peroxide number, acid number, and kinematic viscosity), but with the intensity far less than that of the control biodiesel (without antioxidant). The antioksidant regarded as the most effective inhibiting, such oxidation was TBHQ, followed in decreasing order by BHT and Formula X. However, the Formula X could expectedly perform as effectively as TBHQ and BHT, but with higher concentration (0.10%). The characteristics of biodiesel either the control or with antisocidants (up to the fourth week duration) could still satisfy the SNI criteria and those of fossil-based diesel oil.
 
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BORNEOL DARI α-PINENA GETAH PINUS (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese)
No full textPine resin is obtained from a process of tapping the pine tree (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese). After processing, pineresin will produce gondorukem and turpentine. Currently, the utilization of turpentine is mainly for cosmetic, paint, a mixture ofsolvents, antiseptics, and pharmaceuticals. Due to an increase in the added value of the turpentine product, turpentine wassynthesized into borneol. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of borneol produced from the synthesis of α-pinene usingNaOH and KOH bases. The method was carried out by synthesized α-pinene into borneol through sodium reduction using twoalkali e.i KOH and NaOH. The compounds were characterized by FTIR, NMR and GCMS. The results showed that onFTIR analysis of 12 samples of the borneol synthesized showed fairly similar absorption peaks with peaks appearing on standardborneol FTIRs. The NMR analysis of both HNMR and CNMR, compared with the standard NMR compounds α-pinene,champor and borneol, show that the peaks still show differences. The GCMS result showed the formation of the compound ofborneol compound with the percentage of 0.12 to 2.2% relatives. The type of base and origin of the turpentine used did not showany difference in borneol yield
PEMBAURAN YANG TAK PERNAH SELESAI
No full textEthnic cohesion in the Indonesian context is still problematic. Religions, political, and legal approuches could be utilised to achieve that cohesion. However, democratic and just society could only be achieved if there is political will to establish egalitarian society through applying equality before law among all ethnic groups
REDEFINISI ETNISITAS DALAM KONTEKS KEBUDAYAAN NASIONAL
No full textEthnicity is a very important issue for the pluralistic Indonesian society, but before ethnic violences exploded in various places of Indonesia, not many social scientists were interested in studying the topic, and their understanding of ethnicity was mostly limited to the classic meaning of “an ethnic group’s identity†introduced by Fredrik Barth in 1969. This classic meaning has obviously failed to help us understand the dynamics of ethnic violences that occurred in Indonesia during the 7-8 years after the 1996 Sanggauledo conflict because it implied “old histories, local rivalries, and deep hatred†that could be traced back to the beginning of tribalism, but had no real connection to contemporary occurrences such as how ethnicity (of the Acehnese and the Papuan) was mobilized as ‘identity politics’ at the level of nation-state which led to state’s violences against those (ethnic) groups. Therefore, I think it is quite critical to discuss the new definition of ethnicity as ‘a new cultural dimension of difference’ and/or ‘the question of culturalism’, as well as its significance within the present socio-political context of Indonesia. For instance, is the (re)construction of ethnicity by the Acehnese, the Papuan, the Dayak, the Riau-Malay, and others in mobilizing ethnic solidarity really ‘the (re)making of ethno(local)-nationalism’ as some people have suggested? Keywords: etnicity, ethnic violence, difference, culturalism, ethno(local)- nationalism