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Formulation and Characteristics of Sunscreen Cream based on Isolated Lignin from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) : Formulation and Characteristics of Sunscreen Cream
No full textLignin was recovered from black liquor during the biorefinery process and has prospective applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health care. Lignin, which has substantially smaller particles, was used as the active ingredient in the sunscreen cream formulation. The isolated lignin was examined for physicochemical parameters such as yield, purity, particle size, total phenol, and morphology. The obtained lignin was used in the preparation of sunscreen cream. The isolated lignin concentration in the cream varied between 0.1, 1, and 2 wt%. The sun protection factor (SPF) of the designed sunscreen creams was assessed, and antioxidant activity and stability were studied, which included pH, particle size, and appearance during the observation period. The formulated cream has an SPF of approximately 15, which is sufficient to protect human skin from the sun's UV radiation. Furthermore, the most significant antioxidant activity was found to be 68.94%. As a result, the developed sunscreen cream has the potential for further research because it is composed of natural active ingredients that are safe for humans and the environment
Quercetin Encapsulation on Chitosan-Pectin Membranes as a Drug Delivery and Its Release Kinetics
No full textChitosan-pectin membranes are biodegradable polyelectrolyte complexes, derived from biomaterials, with good stability for drug delivery applications. This study investigates the potential of these membranes to encapsulate quercetin, a flavonoid known for its therapeutic properties but limited for its low solubility, poor bioavailability, and rapid elimination. The membranes were synthesized using a 1:1 (w/w) chitosan-to-pectin ratio and loaded with quercetin via solvent evaporation. Characterization using FTIR confirmed the presence of OH, C=O, and NH groups; XRD indicated semi-crystalline structure; and SEM revealed a uniform, porous morphology. The maximum quercetin loading efficiency reached 82.43%, with the highest release (90.39%) observed at pH 1.2, following first-order kinetics. The resulting membrane was thin, brown, homogeneous, and tear-resistant, demonstrating its potential as a controlled drug delivery matrix for querceti
Pendekatan analisis spasial untuk mengkaji kerawanan kriminalitas di Pulau Sumatra tahun 2022
No full textHumans have the right to security from all forms of crime. The fulfilment of this right is listed in goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on peace, justice, and resilient institutions. However, Indonesia still has a lower level of security from crime compared to other countries. One region contributing to the high level of crime vulnerability in Indonesia is Sumatra Island. The high level of crime vulnerability is not only influenced by socio-economic factors but can also be affected by spatial effects. Therefore, this research aims to study the influence of spatial effects on the crime vulnerability level and find the best model and factors that affect the level of crime vulnerability in Sumatra Island in 2022. The data is sourced from E-MP data by Bareskrim Polri and secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. This research applies the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model with Adaptive Gaussian weights. The results of this study indicate the effect of spatial heterogeneity. This means that different models and significant effects are obtained for 149 districts/cities on Sumatra Island. Three independent variables significantly affect the level of vulnerability: the average years of schooling, population density, and unemployment rate
PENGARUH KONSUMSI LISTRIK DAN INDUSTRIALISASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
No full textThe structure of GDP nowadays is still dominated by households. As a result, economic growth stands at 5 percent. To boost economic growth performance, industrialization should be taken into account. In the process, energy availability particularly electricity becomes one of the main components. For this reason, the main purpose of this study is to measure the effect of electricity and industrialization on economic growth. To do so, this study employs ARDL model and uses secondary data with sample period from 1987 to 2016. Regression result analysis shows that electricity consumption, manufacturing, workers in the industrial sector, household consumption, and trading volume empirically significant both in the short-run and long-run. Interestingly, the value of the electricity consumption coefficient, the added value of processing industries, and the proportion of workers in the industrial sector are positive indicating that those variables contribute positively to economic growth. Meanwhile, the value of household consumption coefficient and trading volume is negative. This indicates that those variables contribute negatively to economic growth. Interestingly, among the five explanatory variables, electricity consumption is the strongest variable in boosting economic growth both in the short-run and the long-run. In addition, bounds cointegration test shows that all explanatory variables involved in this study have a long-term relationship with economic growth
UMKM DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMBIAYAAN INKLUSIF DI INDONESIA
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MSMEs have an important role as the economic representation for the majority of Indonesian of people. However, nowadays the position of UMKM is relatively weak. One source of the problems that hamper the development of MSMEs is that lack of access to business financing, especially from the banks. In fact, banks provide more credit to middle and large business groups rather than to MSMEs. This study is expected to provide inputs for development authority/government. The method of analysis used in this study is descriptive-qualitative to explain the condition of MSMEs and their financing problems as well as the other problems. The result of the analysis will become a basis for recommendation for MSMEs development improvement. Although MSMEs is the majority of business actor in Indonesia, they have limited access to capital, especially credit from Banks, in which they only get about one-sixth of the national credit share. In fact, in 2013 MSMEs only obtain 3 percent of national credit share. The effort to develop financing scheme for MSME that met requirements of “financial inclusion” is necessary to accelerate quality development. The structure of GDP that are controlled by few parties poses a threat to the development objectives and to the State’s existence. Therefore, it is necessary to have priority on policy particularly on the improvement of access to financing and the expansion of MSMEs capacity
DATA MINING USING CRISP-DM PROCESS FRAMEWORK ON OFFICIAL STATISTICS: A CASE STUDY OF EAST JAVA PROVINCE: A case analysis of East Java Province
No full textThe conventional data analysis in economics is based on a model derived from economic theories. In contrast,
data mining is a data-driven analysis to extract data and find a pattern describing the empirical interaction between
variables. The emerging area of data mining offers an opportunity for extracting information from macroeconomic
data. However, it is still a challenge for economic researchers and policymakers to embrace data mining because it
is closely related to the information technology discipline. This study responds to the limited use of data mining in
the economic area by analyzing macroeconomic indicators published by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics.
The primary purpose of this study is to offer a case for using the data mining approach for macroeconomic indicators.
The specific objectives were (1) to introduce the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) as
a process framework and Knime Analytics Platform as a data mining software for macroeconomic data analysis; and
(2) to characterize East Java regencies/municipalities based on their macroeconomic indicators and region profiles.
This study was categorized as secondary and quantitative research. The unit of analysis was the regency/municipality.
Five macroeconomic indicators: Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Products (GRDP),
poverty rate, Gini Ratio, and open unemployment rate, were selected as the variables. Four region profiles: area,
population, population density, and the number of villages were included in the analysis. The clustering model was
implemented through Knime’s workflow. The result of clustering grouped 38 regions into three. Its applicability
and simplicity indicated the appropriateness of the CRISP-DM process framework for analyzing the structured
official data. Furthermore, the predictive model, applied to past years’ datasets, revealed the regions that experienced
improvement and shifted their membership between clusters over three years. Moreover, the inclusion of region
profiles has provided a better understanding of underlying factors explaining the association between macroeconomic
indicators. This study suggests that the East Java Government considers different facilitation-focused programs based on the characteristics of three clusters for better budget efficiency. This research adds to the literature on economic development, particularly by introducing data mining, the CRISP-DM method, and Knime software to analyze macroeconomic indicators of regency/municipality
WHAT DRIVES MICROFINANCE CREDIT DISBURSEMENT? AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA’S RURAL BANKS (BPRs)
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The paper investigates determinants of Indonesia’s microfinance credit disbursement, case taken from Indonesia’s rural banks (BPRs) which primarily focus on providing funding to the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). The study applies Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model by using monthly data over the period of January 2009 to January 2016. Result indicates that rural banks credit disbursement is more determined by demand side rather than supply side as variable representing demand side (production index) has significant effect to credit disbursement both long run and short run. In terms of supply side, the amount of credit disbursement is affected by interbank fund in the long run, whereas in the short run the significant variables are customer fund and internal fund. In addition, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) impose significant effect to the microfinance credit disbursement; yet, interestingly, interest rate is not a significant factor in microfinance’s case
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 10TH ECONOMIC POLICY PACKAGE RELATED SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHMENT IN INDONESIA
No full textSmall Medium Enterprises company is one of the most popular business entities today. The popularity is cannot
be separated from the spirit of entrepreneurship with young creative mindset that become mainstream in daily life.
In relevancy with that, The Government of Republic Indonesia enacted Government Regulation No 29 Year 2016
to simplify the establishment process of Small Medium Enterprises legal entity. In practice area, the enactment of
that regulation cannot be implemented well because there are some miss connections in regulations structure of
Indonesia. In order to solve the problem, this research uses the normative research methodology that possible to
answer by describing and explaining the facts with the applied regulation. The theory of limited liability company
based on Indonesian Law such as Law No 40 Year 2007 was also applied in this research as a tool to analyse and
solve the problem related that issue
MANAKAH INDIKATOR TERPENTING STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN?PERSPEKTIF MAKROPRUDENSIAL
No full textThe financial system stability of Indonesia is generally measured in two ways, namely microprudential and
macroprudential. Among macroprudential indicators they are economic growth, balance of payments, inflation rate,
interest and exchange rates, crisis contagion effect, and many others. Different from the previous researches, this
research utilises financial and banking practitioners’ perspective to determine the leading indicator of financial
system stability using Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. The results show that, the three most important
indicators of Indonesia’s financial stability at macro levels include the Debt-related aspect (0.225), Macroeconomic
Indicator (0.222) and the Balance of Payment aspect (0.217). The other important indicators of financial system
stability is related to Contagion Effect (0.178) and the Labor-related aspects (0.159). The Macroprudential Policy
issued by Bank Indonesia, play an important role in maintaining Financial System Stability (SSK) in Indonesia
PERAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN KPS PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM
No full textThis paper examines the role of institution in the development of well-run water utility projects using
Public Private Partnershif (PPP) scheme. Institutional approach employed in this paper will be focused on the
organizational structures and regulations. By using descriptive analysis, this paper conclude that efforts to strengthen
organizational structure and regulations are very crucial required to increase the role of institution. It was found
that the overlapped function of institutions involved in the implementation of public private partnership projects
was caused by unclear mechanism of working relationship among the institutions involved. Efforts to improve
organizational structure could be done by building capacity of human resources of the central and local government
to upgrade their understanding on the legal aspects, financial and other technical aspects, particularly during the
preparation of the PPP projects. In regard to the regulatory issues, the Central and Local Government should have the same view on PPP-Law to provide security and minimize uncertainty for private sector interested invested in
the provision of well-run water utilit