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EFEKTIVITAS PENGAWETAN BAMBU PETUNG DAN GEWANG MENGGUNAKAN BORON DAN CCB SECARA RENDAMAN DINGIN DAN BOUCHERIE YANG DIMODIFIKASI
No full textBamboo and gewang midrib are two materials developed as wood substitute in the shape form of lamina products. However, the disadvantage of bamboo and gewang is susceptible to destroying organisms. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of petung bamboo and gewang midrib treatment to improve its durability against destroying organisms. This research investigated the durability of petung bamboo and gewang midrib againts subterranean termites, dry wood termites, wood rotting fungi and dry wood post powder beetles. Treatments were conducted by applying boron and CCB (copper-chrome-boron) using cold immersion and modified Boucherie methods. Durability was tested according to Indonesian Standard SNI 01-7207-2006, while retention and penetration were calculated based on weight, volume, and solution concentrations. The results showed that boron was effective to improve the durability of petung bamboo againts subterranean termites, dry wood termites, and wood rotting fungi, while its resistance againts dry wood post powder beetles, boron and CCB were equally effective. Boron was more effective to improve durability to wood rotting fungi and dry wood post powder beetles in gewang midrib, while both preservatives were similarly effective against subterranean termites and dry wood termites. It is noticably that CCB treatment changed the wood natural color. Modified Boucherie method provides high retention but low penetration level compare to immersion method
PENGARUH JENIS KAYU DAN SISTEM SAMBUNGAN TERHADAP DESAIN MEBEL KAYU
No full textWooden furniture is one of strategic commodities that have a dominant contribution to Indonesian economy compared to otherfurniture material. Joining system in the wooden furniture is the weakest construction point, therefore detail analysis is needed tostudy factors affecting construction capacity and effectiveness of wooden joining system. The aim of this research was to determine theeffect of wood species and joining system on wooden furniture design especially compression strength on joining point. The wood speciesused were jati (Tectona grandis L. f.), kapur (Dryobalanops sp.), meranti (Shorea sp.), manglit (Manglietia glauca Bl.),and sengon (Falcataria moluccana L.). The joining system applied in this study were tenon and mortise, lap, and dovetail joints.The results showed that teak wood exhibited the highest compression strength, while sengon wood exhibits the lowest compressionstrength on all wood joining systems compared to other wood species studied. In term of wood joining systems, the lap joint exhibitedthe highest compression strength, whereas tenon and mortise joint exhibited the lowest performance
KETAHANAN LIMA JENIS KAYU TERHADAP SERANGAN DELAPAN JENIS JAMUR PELAPUK
No full textLesser-known wood originating from rain-forests is an alternative raw material for the national timber industry.Optimizing this wood group’s utilisation requires information on its resistance to the decaying fungus attack of eachwood species used. This research is studying the resistance of five wood species from West Kalimantan, and the rusttest was carried out on the metal embedded in heartwood and exposed to fungus using the Kolle-flask method. NaOH’swood-solubility analysis referred to ASTM D-1110-84’s Standard. Results revealed that Albizia sp. and Syzygiumsp. belonged to resistant woods (class II); Santiria sp. and Lithocarpus ewyckii belonged to moderately-resistant(class III); while Xanthophyllum excelsum belonged to not-resistant (class IV). The greatest weight loss occurredat sapwood of Xanthophyllum excelsum being exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus. Average weight loss atheartwood (with class II) was lower than that at sapwood (class III). The greatest weight loss of woods embedded byscrews occurred at screwed Syzygium sp. then exposed to Polyporus sp. The average weight loss of screwed woods wasgreater than that of unscrewed woods. Meanwhile, the highest weight loss of screws occurred at Xanthophyllumexcelsum, then at Syzygium sp., exposed to Polyporus arcularius. The greatest weight of screw-rust powder wasachieved at Syzygium sp. exposed to Polyporus arcularius. Five fungi species exhibited moderate capability, whilethree species afforded low capability in decaying woods. The effect of decaying fungi on corroding screws was entirely low
PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN CENDAWAN PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA DAN LAYU FUSARIUM PADA KETIMUN
No full textThe liquid smoke obtained from the destructive distillation on coconut shell) at 0,25-6,0% consentration-range could in vitro to inhibit the colony growth of fungi, ie. Colletotrichum glocosporoides and Fusarium oxysporum species as much as consecutively 5,59-97,85% and 6,06-94,97%. At 7% liquid-smoke contentration the inhibition reached 100% (for both spescaer). The liquid smoke obtained from 400 C distillation temperature could inbibit fungi growth the most effectivelly, te. 16.26% for Colletotrichum glocosporoides and 15.06% for Fusarium oxysporum. In vivo, the liquid smoke at 0,5%, 1%, and 5% concentration was effective to repard (up to 100%) the antracnore disease as well as fusariom wilt that attacked the host cucumber plants. However, the liquid-omoka urte at She was not recomended due to inflicting necrosis on cucumber leaves
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA ALAT HASIL REKAYASA DALAM PENGELUARAN KAYU JATI DI DAERAH CURAM
No full textThis study deals with the trial on teak wood-log extraction on a steep terrain using skyline system. This system used a small capacity yarder machine (5.5 PK) of generation II's Expo prototype. The wood log was pulled from a tree-felling plot all theway about 50-m distance to the bill slope. As such, the yarder afforded the productivity in average 0.6263 m²/hour, implying that it was still below the targeted range (2.5-5m/bour). The investment cost reached Rp 72,000,000 or correspond to Rp 102,986/bour or Rp 156,351/ ni'. Financial analysis using the actual performance of such tool at the rents price similar to the log-extracting cost brought out negative NPV and IRR values. Such values could have been positive had the rents price been greater, equal to Rp 185,000/m².
 
LACAK BALAK UNTUK VERIFIKASI UJI LEGALITAS KAYU PADA PEMANENAN KAYU HUTAN ALAM
No full textCurrently, timber trade requires that wood products must come from legally and responsibly managed forests. In Indonesia, to prove that wood products are legal if they are equipped with Legitimate Certificate of Forest Product, V-legal mark and electronic label in the form of Barcode. One method of proving wood origin in timber harvesting is log tracking method through labeling. This study examines the accuracy of log tracking in a Timber Forest Product Enterprise of Natural Forest (IUPHHK-HA) PT. Sumalindo Lestari Jaya II in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province. The log tracking was accomplished by tracking the comformity between wood documents in production result report (LHP), the numbered tree label attached on the stump till the cruising result report (LHC) document. Methods of sampling of LHP wood documents were conducted purposively through sample plots in three different felling sites. Results showed that timber traceability based on the LHP document to the tree number label attached on the tree stump wae 100%. However the level of log traceability from LHP documents to LHC documents ranges from 85.7–100% with average of 96.2%. Mismatch information between timber documents on LHP, the stump and LHC was mainly caused by wrong group of wood species and tree diameter classes
PENGARUH METODE DAN ARAH SADAP TERHADAP PRODUKSI GETAH JELUTUNG HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI
No full textJelutong gum is gum typifies excudates that result from the tapping of Dyera trees, Jelutong giam offers various uses, such as raw material of gom, a misture of automobile tire manufacture, rar material for making paints, adbesives and varnishes, The study was conducted to determine the method and direction of tapping on gum production from Industrial Plantation Forest's Jelutong Trees (HTI)
The tapping methods performed are slicing with half spiral pattern from the upper left to the lower right (1/25 Kr Knj. slicing with "V" shape pattern, and slicing with balf-piral pattern from upper right to the lower left (1/25 Ka Kr). The results revealed that HTI of Private Company is a type of swamp (Dyera polyphylla Maj. Mrenis or Dyera lowin Hook f.). The tapping method that afforded the higli gum production and mure applicable was the so-called half-spiral slicing from the upper left toward the lower right (VS Kr King. The properties of jelutong gon prodierd are as follow 46.20% of moisture content, 0.04% of ash content, 0.24% of impurities 0.07% of nitrogen content amt 52.75% of resin
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN CAMPURAN TEMBAGA SULFAT DAN NIKEL NITRAT TERHADAP WARNA PERMUKAAN BAMBU Gigantochloa apus Kurz.
No full textBamboo eschibits changes of its attractive green-colored skin inta ivory yellow. Bamboo colour wall turn into dark grey when immersed in water or kept in damp place. Consequently, an attempt is required to prevent such color changes on the surface of bamben skin. This remarch looks into the effectiveness of copper sulfate and nickel nitrate mixture in water based solution to maintain the green color on the skin surface of hambos (Gigantochloa apus Kurtz). The solution is employed in various proportions (w/w) and concentrations. Color innrpretation on the bamboo-skin surface wat assisted wting the so-called CDX's enfor difference meter device based on three-dimensional CIE (L*a*,*) principle. It turned out that intensity of green color on the skin of bamboo trunk at its top (upper) portion and middle portion was greaterthan that of the butt (lower) portion. Furfber, the use of copper culfate nickel nitrate miscture mlution at 4.0:3.5 proportion and in 7.5% concentration inflicted the greatest intensity of green color (", ", and be in average consecutively 61.8, -14.3, and 18.3) on the bamboo-skin, and concurrently afforded the inat prevention of such green color
PENGARUH WAKTU TEKAN DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL KULIT TUSAM (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et. de Vr.) TERHADAP KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
No full textNowadays binderless particleboards have chance to be developed to replace particleboard with synthetic adhesive. Theobjectve of this research is to determine the quality of particleboards made from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB)and pine bark waste. The material composition of particleboard consist of 70% OPEFB and 30% pine bark powderwith a moisture content of 5−6%. The fiber length of OPEFB is 0.1−2.0 cm and the pine bark particle sizes usedto produce particleboard which passed through 30, 40, and 50 meshes. Four variations of pressing time are applied toproduce particleboard i.e 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. Quality assesments were undergone using the Indonesian standardfor particleboard product: SNI 03-2105-2006. Results showed that the best pressing time for making particleboardsusing OPEFB and pine bark is 20−25 minutes. The best MOR and IB are obtained from particleboard producedfrom oil palm fruit empty bunches with the particle size of 50 mesh. In this condition, except for MOE, the density,moisture content, MOR and IB meet the SNI requirements for particleboard
CHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF NAFION MEMBRANES UNDER PEMFC AS INVESTIGATED BY DFT METHOD
No full textCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF NAFION MEMBRANES UNDER PEMFC AS INVESTIGATED BY DFT METHOD. An exsitu method has been developed to performance of Nafion's membrane in PEMFC (Proton Electrolyt Membrane Fuel Cells), caused by the chemical degradation of ·OH and ∙H radicals. The change of the chemical structure occurring during the degradation were primarily calculated of the relative energy of reactions by DFT (Density Functional Theory) method approach in the Gaussian software. This study aims to determine whether DFT method with functional B3LYP, PBEPBE, and B3PW91 and base sets 6-311++G can be used in determining the relative energy of a reaction and knowing the difference in role between ·OH and ∙H in the degradation process of the main chain Nafion with the final group are -CF2H, -CF=CF2 and -COOH. The three functionalities applied showed that the ·OH radical has more role than the ∙H radical in the degradation process of the Nafion main chain. In the -CF2H group was shown the relative energy value of reaction 2 is lower than reaction 5, in the -CF=CF2 group was shown the relative energy value of reaction 8* is lower than reaction 11 and in the -COOH group the relative energ value of reaction 14 is lower than reaction 16. By knowing the relative energy of the Nafion main chain degradation reaction with a certain final group and the role of certain radical compounds in the degradation process, the DFT method with functional B3LYP, PBEPBE and B3PW91 and base sets 6-311++G can recommend various modifications of the Nafion as a fuel cell membrane, particularly in increasing of membrane performance