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NELAYAN SELAT NASIK DAN ALTERNATIF PEMBERDAYAAN
No full textSelat Nasik is a district in Kabupaten Belitung. Most of the people living in this area are fishermen, who live in poverty. Among the causes of their poverty are simplicity of their fishing gear, and no market access. To develop fishing gear, fulfill their daily needs and operational cost for fishing, some of them borrow money from fish trader. However, this has created dependency, and on the consequence, their fishes are bought in a cheaper price. To empower fishermen in this area, many aspects should be attended. Firstly, institutional replaces of the role of fish traders. This institution is expected to help provides capital forfishermen, and in return the payment should be adapted with the fishermen fluctuative income. Secondly, to handle limited access to market, there is a need to build a TPI (place for fishing auction) in the area. The existence of TPI is expected to increase the price of fish, because only traders with highest bargains get fish from fishermen. Last but not least, participation of local people in deciding adequate empowerment programme is a necessity, keeping in mind that fishermen are subjects of empowerment, not as an object. Kata Kunci: Nelayan; kemiskinan; pemberdayaa
BATAS GEOGRAFIS DAN BATAS SOSIAL : KETERKAITAN UNIT GEOGRAFIS DAN KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL, PELAJARAN DARI MALUKU
No full textThis article discusses the connection between territory and socio-cultural construction of the Mollucan. First, it concerns on the connection between spatial and socio-cultural construction of Muslim and Christians communtieis. In this regard, it argues that the spatial segregation between these two communities, to some extents, reflects or is associated with their socio-cultural differences. Of course, the apparent differences stemp from the fact that their religions are not the same. This means that all aspects of their live concern on religious belief and rituals must be different. Apart from this, Muslim communities in Maluku Tengah (Central Maluku) are considered as more devoted to tradition as they still speak the ‘language of earth’ (bahasa tanah, vernacular language), while the Christians are not. On the contrary, in Maluku Tenggara (Southeastern Maluku), it is the Christians who are regarded as more tighted by tradition as they still use lela (antique cannon), gong and traditional rituals on their marriage. Second, it demonstrates the political economy of sea territory. Referring to conflict over coastal boundaries between Sather and Tutrean villagers, I observe that control over sea territory is one of the indexes by which social boundary between the noble (mel-mel) and the commoner (ren-ren) are drawn. Thus, when there is a precedence contestation between these two social groups, defining coastal boundary is one of the contested issues. Reffering to other cases, conflicts triggered by lift-net (bagan) operation, I show how ethnicity defines ‘otherness,’ which, then used to exclude people from accessing a communal sea territory. Finally, I demonstrate how local leaders make use the practice of marine communal property rights (hak ulayat laut) as a political capital to win the position of the village leader (kelapa desa)
Reorientasi Keagamaan dan Konseptualisasi Ukhuwah Islamiyah: Dua Kasus dari Jawa Timur
No full textThis article discusses the social relationship between Muslim groups in Jombang and Pasuruan, East Java. It highlights the relationship between traditionalist orthodox Muslim represented by NU and Modernist Orthodox Muslim represented by Muhammadiyah. The relationship is marked by tension and conflict. This conflicts is inevitable, not only because they do difference practice of Islam but also because they have different political orientation. It is argued, however, that this conflict wll not come into disintegrative situation, since at the cultural level muslims have a common integrated system, us the same focabularies and are bound by the same ideology. In addition, it is interesting to note that there are emerging changes in Muslims’ perspective at grassroots level about their relations with other Muslim groups. Such changes constitute their response to the existing and continuous changes in the socio-political realm. The changes have brought them to reformulate their socio-political order, either concerned with the Islamic leadership or with the Islamic ideals that they must pursue in general. What is important in regard to such reformulation (reevaluation) is the concept of Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah (Muslim Brotherhood). The concept has long been interpreted and used inappropriately. The concept is concerned with relations between Muslim groups, which have long been marked by strong primordialism. The re-evaluation of Ukhuwwah Islamiyyah represents a self crilique by Muslims of themselves after they experienced their misconduct in regard to their relationship with each other. It gives rise to mutual understanding between them and juxiaposes one Muslim to another. It is not accidental that intermarriage between Muslims of various groups in present day Jombang and Pasuruan occurs more often thatn that in the past
MEMBACA POSISI WANITA MELALUI BAHASA: DERETAN TEMUAN PENELITIAN TANPA IMPLIKASI TEORETIS
No full textJudul Buku : Gender, Bahasa, dan Kekuasaan Penulis : Esther Kuntjara Penerbit : Gunung Mulia. 2003 Tebal : ix + 117 halama
Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata Berdasarkan Preferensi Masyarakat Asli: Studi Kasus di Raja Ampat
No full textKepulauan Raja Ampat yang dikenal sebagai wisata bahari menunjukkan perkembangan dengan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang meningkat tiap tahunnya. Namun di dalam perkembangannya, kegiatan pariwisata Kepulauan Raja Ampat mengalami permasalahan berupa keterlibatan masyarakat asli yang masih rendah dalam usaha pariwisata di Kepulauan Raja Ampat dan adanya kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi preferensi masyarakat asli Kepulauan Raja Ampat terhadap dampak pengembangan pariwisata yaitu pada lingkungan maupun perekonomian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode statistik deskriptif untuk menjelaskan karakteristik perkembangan pariwisata; metode penilaian tingkat kepuasan dan tingkat preferensi masyarakat terhadap pengembangan pariwisata berdasarkan skala likert; serta analisis lingkungan strategis (IFAS-EFAS) untuk mengetahui potensi dan masalah serta pemetaan strategi pengembangan pariwisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak pengembangan pariwisata Kepulauan Raja Ampat terhadap lingkungan dan perekonomian berpengaruh positif bagi masyarakat asli namun belum sepenuhnya sesuai harapan masyarakat sehingga diperlukan strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi tersebut. Hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa strategi pengembangan pariwisata Kepulauan Raja Ampat yang sesuai untuk diterapkan adalah memanfaatkan peluang dan mengurangi kelemahan yang ada di Kepulauan Raja Ampat yaitu dengan meningkatkakn potensi sumberdaya lokal yang berdaya saing, kreatif dan inovatif
Dilema Kewargaan Kelompok Minoritas:: Studi Kasus Suku Bajo di Nusa Tenggara Timur
No full textThis paper discusses the issue of citizenship of the Bajo ethnic minority group on Kera Island, Kupang Regency,East Nusa Tenggara Province. The general question in this study is what are the implications of state politics forcitizenship in the case of the Bajo tribe on Kera Island?. To answer this question, the concept of citizenship is usedas an analytical tool. This research uses qualitative research, with a case study research design. This researchconcludes that the Bajo people as a minority group in East Nusa Tenggara find themselves in a dilemma. Onthe one hand, the state considers the Bajo people on Kera Island as squatters who are not entitled to citizenshipstatus, therefore they do not get their rights, especially with regard to basic services. But on the other hand, theBajo people are still involved in the electoral process to determine people’s representatives. In this condition, theBajo people feel that their citizenship status is only given as long as it relates to the interests of the state and isforgotten again when the state no longer has an interest
DISCOURSE OF FAMILY WELL-BEING AND THE VALUE OF WORK AT RPTRA’S TESTIMONIAL VIDEOS
No full textWell being is one of the global SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) movement in which Indonesian Government formally join. Integrated child friendly public spaces (Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak or abbreviated as RPTRA – in Indonesian), are built for improving cities to become Child Friendly Cities, which actually serve as a component for achieving this well-being SDG. This study aims to show how RPTRA staff creatively communicate to public by uploading testimonial videos on YouTube, which is intended to show how RPTRA’s existence is perceived by its surrounding community. Analyzing a sample of such videos using the Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, it was found that RPTRAs provide real benefits not only to children, but also to all family members, contributing to family well being. To put it in the context of RPTRA employment fenomena, the testimonial video also reveals the job meaningfulness as perceived by the RPTRA staff
MENYAMBUT GENERASI BARU DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA: METAETNOGRAFI BUDAYA PERSALINAN DI INDONESIA
No full text Latar Belakang: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) tahun 2015 yang mencapai 305 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah yang besar dari tahun ke tahun bagi pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia. Berbagai program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) yang telah dilaksanakan dalam beberapa dekade tidak juga menurunkan AKI. Masalah budaya kesehatan menjadi faktor penting dalam berhasil tidaknya suatu program yang telah dicanangkan, dan telah menghabiskan anggaran yang besar. Metode: Kajian ini menggunakan metode metaetnografi untuk membandingkan antara pemaknaan persalinan aman menurut masyarakat dengan persalinan aman menurut pemegang program KIA. Metaetnografi dilakukan pada 22 buku Riset Etnografi Kesehatan yang bertema KIA tahun 2012-2015. Metaetnografi pada 22 etnis dan lokasi hasil Riset Etnografi Kesehatan terbagi menjadi 8 regional kepulauan di Indonesia Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial budaya masyarakat dan tenaga kesehatan yang berkompeten masih menjadi masalah terkait persalinan aman. Masyarakat memiliki konsep dan nilai sendiri tentang kehamilan, persalinan, penolong persalinan dan tentang nilai anak dalam suatu keluarga. Kesimpulan: Persalinan aman dalam konteks budaya masyarakat adalah bersalin sesuai kenyamanan ibu dan keluarga, serta tidak melanggar nilai-nilai budaya setempat. Ketidakpercayaan masyarakat kepada tenaga kesehatan dikarenakan faktor kurangnya hubungan interpersonal antara tenaga kesehatan dengan masyarakat, faktor senioritas dan tabu memperlihatkan organ intim pada orang lain, serta ketiadaan tenaga kesehatan di wilayah masyarakat karena akses yang terpencil. Saran: Rekayasa sosial (social engineering) dapat dilakukan dalam intervensi kesehatan ibu dan anak berbasis budaya lokal, dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan dukun bayi, serta perlu memberi pelatihan yang berkesinambungan tentang pemahaman lintas budaya, komunikasi budaya, dan perilaku kesehatan masyarakat kepada tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas. Kata Kunci: Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, Budaya, Persalinan Ama
Kebudayaan dan Pembangunan di Era Cultural Turn
No full textKebudayaan dan pembangunan adalah dua hal yang sesungguhnya erat terkait. Keduanya saling terkait dan mempengaruhi – perubahan kebudayaan dan laju pembangunan akan senantiasa terus membentuk perkembangan dan peradaban masyarakat ke depan. Dalam konteks ini, maka keduanya tak bisa dipilah-pisahkan sama sekali. Kebudayaan tak bisa dilepaskan karena ia adalah matras dari peradaban dan pembangunan adalah hal yang tak terelakkan seiring dengan tumbuh dan berkembangnya masyarakat yang terus berubah. Namun demikian, hubungan keduanya tidaklah selalu mulus. Dalam sejarahnya, kebudayaan dan pembangunan mengalami ketegangan-ketegangan yang berdampak pada masyarakat secara konkret
